NORTH COAST OF CORNWALL AND DEVON.

ST. IVES.

ST. IVES, so called from an Irish saint-Ia, St. Piran's companion, stands in a district of tin-mines, and though picturesque at a distance, with its white sands and finelycurved bay, is an ugly, narrow, dirty, dull town, full of nauseous scents. It was the birthplace of the learned Jonathan Toup. The churches of Camborne and St. Ives contain Norman fonts, with four lions couching at the bases. The pilchard fishery is the staple of St. Ives. It is supposed that there are 10,000 regular fishermen in Cornwall. The history of the pilchard is a mystery: the shoals appear in July off the Scilly Islands; in November they disappear. Pilchards are sometimes caught on the south-west of Devon, or to the south of Ireland, but not elsewhere in these seas. Twenty-two thousand hogsheads of these fish are exported annually to Italy and Spain. The largest fishing-boat is about 15 tons burthen; the seine net is 193 fathoms long, and costs 170l. The "shooters" cast this net; the "tuckers" throw the tuck, a smaller net, within the seine, to bring the fish to the surface; the "huers" are the look-out men, who watch for the shoal: when the pilchards are first seen, the fishermen cry loudly, "Heva! heva!"

NEW QUAY,

Situated on a beautiful bay, with sands three miles in extent, under a range of cliffs of limestone abounding in fossils, and lying upon slate, has of late years been much frequented by summer visitors: a railway to connect it

with Par, near Fowey (20 miles), designed by Mr. Treffry, is in course of completion. The towan, or blown sand, here forms a concretion which is used for building purposes. The gradual formation of the sandstone can be traced, the fragments of shells in this interesting district undergoing the process of induration. At Lower St. Columb Port is a blow-hole, through which the pent-up air throws up cascades. The force of the sea has hollowed out the cliffs into caverns. About four miles distant is St. Columb: on the road from St. Columb Major (4 miles) (which possesses a cruciform church and an ancient parsonage) is the priory of Rialton, built by Vivian, prior of Bodmin in the reign of Henry VIII. Mawgan may be reached by the cliff path which skirts the red and variegated slate cliffs of Watermouth bay. The church contains a rood-screen, with vignette pattern and figures, a circular Norman font, and three brasses of the Arundel family, dated 1580 and 1578; a brass of an ecclesiastic, 1480; and a Tregonon of the 17th century. In the south transept is an effigy of a crusader (Carminow). In the garth stands an ancient cross, overshadowing a fragment of a boat's stern, set up to the memory of a crew which, drifting on shore in it, was frozen to death in 1846.

A braided cross, brought from the barton of Rosworthy, in Gwinnear, stands in the garden of the nunnery of Lanherne. This Elizabethan mansion was hospitably granted by the eighth Lord Arundell of Wardour to sixteen Carmelite nuns, who escaped as emigrants from Antwerp during the French Revolution. Trerice, an Elizabethan building, is three and a half miles distant: it belonged to the Arundells, but was sold to Sir T. Acland. Two miles south-east of St. Columb is Castle-an-Dinas, a triple entrenchment on a hill 729 feet high. It is of elliptic form, and of two lines, the lesser diameter being 1500 feet, the larger 1700 feet. It is known as King Arthur's Castle, the barren moors of Tregoze being called his hunting-ground. A little cove, called Bedruthan Steps, one mile north-west of Mawgan Point, forms one of the finest points on the coast. Trevose Head, six miles further, commands a most

extensive view, reaching from Lundy Island to Cape Cornwall. It is crowned with a lighthouse 200 feet above the sea, built in 1847. Near it is the tower of the ruined church of St. Constantine. The rocks are trappean (steplike), with sand and marly slate. A walk of four miles will conduct the pedestrian to

PADSTOW.

This town (the name of which is a corruption of Patrick's or Petrock's Stow), is an ancient sea-port, with a raised beach at the entrance of the harbour. There is a bar across, which affords the only shelter to vessels on this coast. Here have been found a porcelain seal, with characters, like those in Irish specimens, on the under side of a cube; also remains of fictile vessels of unusual make; with bronze ornaments, glass, and Roman coins. In the church (R. Tyacke. V.) is a Norman font, with the images of the Twelve Apostles. Those who have been baptized in it, the folks say, will never be hanged. The pulpit, like that of Camborne, is of the 16th century, and sculptured with the emblems of the Crucifixion. Above the waterdrain in the chancel, is a niched statue of St. Petrock. At Place (C. P. Brune), built in the reign of Charles I., Dean Prideaux resided: in it are some of Opie's earliest paintings. St. Enodock's church, at Rock, under Bray Hill, and fronting Padstow, is almost buried in the sand, which renders the scene dreary and desolate. It was rebuilt 1430, and is cruciform, containing a rood-screen, some carved open seats, and a Norman font.

A high road through Wadebridge (8 miles), with its ancient bridge of seventeen arches, built by Lovebone, Vicar of Egloshayle, in 1485 (the stone pulpit from which he preached still remaining), passes by Lanteglos, the parish in which Wallis the circumnavigator was born (in the church of St. Thomas à Becket is an altar-tomb, with the effigy of Sir Thomas de Mohun, who died 1400), and CAMELFORD (11 m.), "the crooked river, Cam-alan,” once

represented by Macpherson, author or translator of Ossian. Thence the traveller can visit Delabole (2 miles), Tintagel (4 miles), and proceed to Bude Haven (18 miles). Camelford gave the title of Baron to the Pitt family, Jan. 5, 1784, which became extinct in 1804. Tretown was the site of the battle between King Arthur and Mordred, 542, and of a conflict of the Britons with the Saxons under King Egbert, in 823. In St. Kew's Church, 3 miles off the main road, there is some ancient stained glass. Adams, the astronomer, was born under the shadow of Brown Willy, a mountain 1368 feet above the level of the sea, which may be visited from Camelford.

BUDE HAVEN.

The formation of Bude Canal, by the late Lord Rolle, connecting the haven with the inland parts of Cornwall, constructed between the years 1819-1826 at a cost of 128,000l. without the authority of Parliament, raised Bude into notice. The engineer was J. Green. A pier was at the same time built extending from the west side of the harbour to the Great and Little Chapel Rocks. The haven has a bottom of fine bright yellow sand, composed of shells, and is dry at low water. The village is small and sequestered, the sea view striking, bold, and sublime; the lofty rocks assuming a varied appearance from their broken forms and alternate depression and elevation. The inland scenery of the neighbourhood is highly picturesque. In the chasms of the cliffs hang wreaths of olive and purple sea-weed, and the crannies and rock-pools are rich in objects of interest to the naturalist.

The church (T. S. Avery, P.C.) was built by Sir. T. D. Acland, in 1843.

An agreeable excursion may be made from Bude (5 miles) to Tintagel. The road passes Marham Church, Treskinnick Cross, within a mile of which is Week (Wick) St. Mary, from which a poor country girl, named Thomasine Bonaventure, went to London as a servant; or according

to another tradition, attracted the notice of a citizen as she was labouring in the fields, and became his wife. She returned as Lady Percival, wearing for the third time widow's weeds, and became the benefactress of her native village. The other noticeable points on the route are Dazard Head, 550 feet high, at the north point of Widemouth Bay, and Tresparot Down, rising 785 feet above the level of the sea. The road lies over barren heaths; the path by the grand slate-bound coast being far preferable.

The distance from Tintagel to BOSCASTLE is 3 miles; the road lying between hills and the precipitous coast. The latter town is most romantic, built upon the sides of the hills, which divide two valleys, each having a stream and its houses intermingled with orchards and gardens, offering a pleasant relief after the gorse-clad glens and stern cliff scenery of the neighbourhood. There is an ancient chapel of St. James. The harbour, half a mile distant, is seated in a narrow vale, between high steeps; a brook, fenced by stone walls, runs through the hollow, which is provided with a small pier and breakwater. The sea here never rests. The rock-scenery is of the grandest character; seals frequent the caves; and the sea, bursting through the blow-holes in the cliffs, throws up glittering cascades. The rocks are black and precipitous, and consist of shale, abounding in pyrites and carbonaceous minerals. The inhabitants of Forrabury, envious of the beautiful peal of Tintagel, entreated the lord of Bottreaux Castle to give their church chimes and bells. The peal was cast, and the ship which bore the precious freight was already nearing the bay of the Black-pit, when the devout pilot bared his head, as he heard the bells of Tintagel ring for evensong, and thanked God for his safe voyage. The rough sea-captain rebuked him with blasphemous scoffing; when a sudden storm arose, and engulphed the ship and her crew, the only survivor being the pilot of Tintagel. Still beneath the water, before the storm, are heard the bells tolling solemnly; and from Tintagel steeple the warning still sounds,

"Come to thy God in time,"