on any other person. For the very next day, on being asked his opinion by the Duke's friends, Lafayette replied, that, without knowing much of His Royal Highness, he esteemed his character and simplicity of manners: that the Duke had never fought but under the tricolor flag, and that this alone was sufficient to prevent his opposing the Duke's appointment as lieutenantgeneral." It was, however, not without further opposition that the Duke of Orleans obtained the consent of the people, for which, after all, he was indebted to Lafayette. Since that period, the King has but too often forgotten the pledges of the Duke of Orleans, whilst Lafayette has in no instance swerved from his stern integrity of principle. M. Sarrans thus describes what passed at the Hôtel de Ville : "The nomination, however, of the Duke of Orleans met with a strenuous opposition from the combatants of July. No specific offence was imputed to him; but his being a Bourbon caused an invincible repugnance to his appointment, among the majority of those who had spilt their blood during the three days. The name of Bourbon, against which the dead bodies that still encumbered the Place de Grève bore a bloody testimony, kept alive the most painful recollections, and a corresponding state of excitement; so that when the Duke of Orleans arrived at the Hôtel de Ville, the few cries in his favour were covered with those of Vive la Liberté! Vive Lafayette! This opposition became more powerful when the Prince entered the Salle du Trône; and the young men, in answer to the cry of 'Vive le Duc d'Orleans!' raised by the deputies, made the building ring with that of Vive Lafayette!' Proclamations in praise of His Royal Highness were torn to pieces, and the agents who stuck them upon the walls, ill-treated by the people. The place of the Hôtel de Ville was crowded with an immense multitude, among whom were heard cries of No Bourbons!' The reception of the Duke, by Lafayette, was waited for with great impatience by the people; every eye was fixed upon these two individuals. A deputy (M. Viennet) read the declaration of the chamber, which was listened to with indifference; but when Lafayette took the Duke's hand, gave him a tricolor flag, and led him to one of the windows, the enthusiasm in his favour was revived, and the cries of Vive le Duc d'Orleans!' became more frequent, and were mingled with those of Vive Lafayette! Nevertheless, the Duke's situation was critical. In the interior of the Hôtel de Ville, and even in his very pre guard conformably to the principles of the con- "Lafayette having adopted these points as 66 "You know,' wrote our ambassador, that hitherto no one has proved a more strenuous and open advocate for peace than I; but I am now convinced that, to avert the dangers which threaten France, advantage must be taken of the Austrian levies not being yet organized, to begin the war, and throw an army into Piedmont.' This important dispatch arrived at the office for Foreign Affairs on Saturday the 5th of March. A copy, made by M. Sebastiani's son-in-law, was immediately sent to the King, and yet, on the Tuesday following, no notice of the arrival of such a dispatch had been given to the council of ministers. Lafitte was only informed of it through the indiscretion of a clerk in the Foreign Office. He immediately went to the Palais Royal, and asked the King whether he knew anything of a dispatch from Vienna, said to have arrived three days before. The King replied in the affirmative; and upon Lafitte expressing his surprise that the circumstance had not been made known to the cabinet, explained this reserve by the necessity of providing "It had been determined that the crown against the indiscretions sometimes committed should be offered to the Duke of Orleans, who in the council. Whilst this conversation was was to take the name of Philip V. This name going on, the war minister arrived. Upon Lawas the first step to a counter-revolution, as it fitte asking Marshal Soult the same question as formed the connecting link in the chain of time, he had addressed to the King, the Marshal rewhich the barricades had so suddenly severed. plied that he was wholly ignorant of the circumLafayette opposed the name; he said it was unstance, and expressed great indignation against worthy of a republican monarchy, which ought M. Sebastiani, whom he termed a traitor. At to have no connexion with the glitter and pre-length came the latter, who was much confused tensions of the old kings of France. This time candour triumphed over doctrinarian servility; and the Duke of Orleans wrote to Lafayette these words in English, You have gained your point; be it as you desire.' We now come to the election of the Duke of Orleans to the throne, of which event the following are interesting particulars :— "The enthroning of a king created by the people, who entered the sanctuary of the law to the sound of the popular songs of 1792, coupled with the patriotic inspirations of 1832, and seated himself upon a stool until the representatives of the nation permitted him to assume the throne chair, was a noble sight. Who will ever forget it? The people were there present in the full dignity of their power, and never was the connexion between the creators and the created more religiously observed than on this occasion. Cries of Vive le Duc d'Orleans!' but none of Vive le Roi!' resounded from the benches and galleries. The President of the Chamber (M. Casimir Périer) read the new charter to the King elect, who declared his adsence, discontent displayed itself in a form by him to sign, and received his oath of fidelity to it. hesion to it. M. Dupont de l'Eure presented it to no means equivocal: One general officert opening a window and directing the Prince's attention to the people, went so far as to say, 'Monseigneur, we know our wants and our rights: if you forget them, we will take care to remind you of them!' In a word, there was every reason to apprehend that the people would resume their arms and again take possession of the field of battle. It was new to see a monarch stand up to speak The reason of Lafitte's retirement from "A short time after the discussion relative to "It was at this juncture that Lafayette interposed his all-powerful authority with the leaders of the insurrection, and made them promise that the affairs of Italy, that is to say, on Tuesday no further disturbance should take place, he the 5th of March, 1831, a cabinet messenger engaging to obtain from the new head of the brought M. Sebastiani a dispatch from Marshal state the proper securities which the revolution Maison, stating, that M. de Metternich had just had a right to impose, and which he compre-made known to him that the Austrian cabinet hended in the words 'popular throne, sur- had resolved not to acknowledge the principle rounded by republican institutions;'-meaning of non-intervention, but to interfere, with an the adoption of the principle which established armed force, not only in the insurrections of the sovereignty of the people-the abolition of Parma and Modena, but in every part of Italy the hereditary peerage-the abolition of the elecwhere there might be a popular movement. toral cens the application of the broadest elec-Hitherto,' said M. de Metternich, we have toral principle to the municipal and communal organizations—the re-establishment of the national "General Dubourg, since cruelly persecuted by the public prosecutor under Louis-Philippe." allowed France to put forward the principle of at M. Lafitte's question, and stammered out, that it was true he had received a dispatch from Marshal Maison, but of no great importance, and that he had not had time to communicate it to his colleagues. However, at M. Lafitte's particular request, he was obliged to go and fetch the dispatch. The opinion of the members of the cabinet from whom this document was at first concealed, was, that it was the intention of the King and M. Sebastiani never to let it be known to them. "From this time, although it was promised that such a mystification should never be repeated, M. Lafitte determined to retire from office. I can boldly affirm, that the principal cause of this determination was the King's opinion upon the external policy of France. The latter would have peace at any price, and openly declared, that, whatever might be the opinion of his ministers, his was irrevocable. Nevertheless, resolution, by which, he said, his friend Lafitte he combated, or feigned to do so, M. Lafitte's would do him a greater injury than he had done him good by helping to put a crown upon his head. However, at the close of a cabinet council, in which he had stated his system of policy, a system diametrically opposed to that in which the King announced his intention of persisting, M. Lafitte begged his Majesty to accept his resignation, and appoint M. Casimir Périer prime minister. The King, however, refused the resignation, and expressed the strongest repugnance to the proposed successor to the office of M. Lafitte. At that time Louis-Philippe declared that the overbearing temper, constant state of ill-health, and even the complexion of M. Casimir Périer, were to him objects of insurmountable disgust. "M. Lafitte, however, who determined at all events to get out of the equivocal position in which he stood, called a cabinet council the next morning, in which, after stating that the system then pursued was fatal to the principles upon which the revolution was founded, and to the honour of France, he again developed his policy, and called upon his colleagues to choose between his system and his immediate retirement from office. No answer. He repeated his demand, which was again followed by absolute silence. At length M. Montalivet said, that for his part, he preferred the policy of M. Périer to that of M. Lafitte. On this declaration, the council broke up. This was on the 11th of March, and the next day the president of the council tendered, for the third time, his resignation, which was accepted by the same monarch who, only a few days previous, had declared that St. James and St. Philip were united on earth as in Heaven!'" The following is a curious fact: "Nevertheless, I submit the following singular circumstance, without comment, to the conscience of the reader. Prior to the nomination of M. Lafitte to the presidency of the council, an individual desirous of bringing M. Périer into office, received this answer from the King: It is useless to urge it. The time is not yet come. Lafitte must pass first!" Major's Cabinet Gallery of Pictures; with Historical and Critical Descriptions and Dissertations, by Allan Cunningham. No.I. WE have noticed this work under the head of Fine Arts; but as we desired to steal a very pleasant extract from the very pleasant literary notices which accompany the engravings, we have been obliged to make it play double! and, indeed, the critical skill and light, lively descriptions of our friend Allan Cunningham, would justify a more extended notice, if we had room to spare. The following is a capital anecdote of Blake, and is mentioned incidentally when speaking of the angels in Guercino's picture : "Blake, who always saw in fancy every form he drew, believed that angels descended to painters of old, and sat for their portraits. When he himself sat to Phillips for that fine portrait so beautifully engraved by Schiavonetti, the painter, in order to obtain the most unaffected attitude, and the most poetic expression, engaged his sitter in a conversation concerning the sublime in art. 'We hear much,' said Phillips, of the grandeur of Michael Angelo; from the engravings, I should say he has been overrated: he could not paint an angel so well as Raphael. He has not been overrated, Sir,' said Blake, and he could paint an angel better than Raphael.''Well, but,' said the other, 'you never saw any of the paintings of Michael Angelo; and perhaps speak from the opinions of others: your friends may have deceived you.' 'I never saw any of the paintings of Michael Angelo,' replied Blake; but I speak from the opinion of a friend who could not be mistaken.' A valuable friend, truly,' said Phillips; and who may he be, I pray?'-The arch-angel Gabriel, Sir,' answered Blake.-' A good authority, surely; but you know evil spirits love to assume the looks of good ones; and this may have been done to mislead you.'-' Well now, Sir,' said Blake, this is really singular; such were my own suspicions; but they were soon removed-I will tell you how. I was one day reading Young's Night Thoughts, and when I came to that passage which asks, Who can paint an angel? I closed the book and cried, "Aye! who can paint an angel?" A voice in the room answered, "Michael Angelo could." "And how do you know?" I said, looking round me, but I saw nothing, save a greater light than usual. "I know," said the voice, "for I sat to him: I am the arch-angel Gabriel." "Oho!" I answered, "you are, are you? I must have better assurance than that of a wandering voice -you may be an evil spirit-there are such in the land." "You shall have good assurance,' said the voice; I can an evil spirit do this?" I looked whence the voice came, and was then aware of a shining shape, with bright wings, the grains had been attached to the stalks of the ears, nothing was more easy than to leave the corn unthreshed until it was wanted to be who diffused much light. As I looked, the shape dilated more and more: he waved his hands; the roof of my study opened; he ascended into heaven; he stood in the sun, and beck-ground into flour. This accordingly was done, oning to me, moved the universe. An angel of and so the plague was stayed; and, in conse evil could not have done that-it was the arch- quence of such a simple application of science angel Gabriel.' The painter marvelled much to the common purposes of life, large quantities at this wild story; but he caught from Blake's of food were redeemed from destruction, and looks, as he related it, that rapt poetic expres- much human misery providentially averted." sion which has rendered his portrait one of the finest of the English school." A Lecture delivered in King's College, London. By Gilbert T. Burnett, F.L.S., Professor of Botany. ALL mankind know more or less of botany, but there are few who know it well. Every day Nature spreads out before our face her riches of field and forest: we see that the trees put forth their leaves in spring, shoot boughs and suckers into the air in summer and in the autumn, and then strip themselves of their livery to let the sharp winds and sleets of winter whistle among their branches,-we see all this, and few inquire further. We feel obliged to any one, therefore, who undertakes the task of instructing us in this natural magic of the creation-we ask for plain practical illustrations; for the bloom of a hyacinth is not more hidden in its sheath than the know ledge of some instructors is concealed in mystical pomp of language. Professor Burnett is a man of another stamp-we have been much pleased with this lecture, and shall transfer some of its curious and interesting matter to our pages. * "Botanical Topography, which treats of the station as well as the habitation of vegetables, includes much knowledge of extreme importance; and even the more special topography of parasitic plants is not wholly destitute of interest or of value; e. g. many of our lichens, fungi, &c. will grow only on certain plants and trees, or often on only especial parts of them, just as many insects inhabit only one genus or species, or only particular parts of the selected habitat. The same thing is observable with regard to the parasitic protophytes; and a German botanist has pointed out a very useful application of this knowledge to aid in the discrimination of the true Cinchona from the spurious barks which in commerce are, either from accident or fraud, frequently commingled with it; for he has shown that one species of lichen is peculiar to and only found on the true officinal cinchona, while the false barks with which it is adulterated, although often covered with other lichens, never bear any of this diagnostic species. Again, I recollect reading that, some years since, in America, a mortal distemper raged with much severity among the people, and was found to be owing to their feeding upon the Zea mays or Indian corn, as those who did not eat this bread escaped: but why a grain, in general fit for food, should that season have proved so injurious, no one could tell, until a botanist, looking at the subject by the light of science, found that on each grain of corn, just where it had been torn from the ear, a small poisonous fungus grew, to which the fatal influence had all been owing; just as the deleterious effects of cheese are often attributable to a similar plant. But how was the fungus to be prevented from growing? how was the farmer or the miller to avoid the pest, although its source had been detected? They knew not; they were as impotent as before. But the head of him whose eye discovered the bane revealed the antidote; for, as it was found that this fungus only grew on the parts where Of the destructive power of insects some curious proofs are given-our hop plantations and turnip fields can, indeed, bear testimony to it : "The pine forests of Germany have at various times sustained enormous injury from the attacks of a small beetle, called Bostrichus typegraphus, 80,000 larvæ having been found in one tree; and, as they feed on the soft inner bark, and multiply thus abundantly, whole forests fall a sacrifice to their voracity, so that, calculated at a million and a half; and the inin the Hartz alone, the trees destroyed were habitants of this extensive range of country were threatened with a want of fuel to continue their metallurgic operations, and consequently with ruin, entirely dependent as they were upon those branches of the useful arts. "About twelve years ago, the elm trees in St. James's and Hyde parks suffered much from a similar attack, and whole rows were rapidly being thinned and disappearing, both in the Mall and the Birdcage walk. As the persons who had the charge of the plantations were entirely ignorant of the true cause of the mischief, and as it was clear that the trees died in consequence of being completely stripped of their bark, rewards were at first offered for the discovery of the delinquents who so mischievously barked them; but these were offered in vain. It was observed, however, (and the observation claims some credit for its ingenuity,) that no more of any tree was barked from the ground than what was easily within the reach of a soldier's bayonet; and this was sufficient to throw suspicion on some unfortunate recruits, of whom more than one was arrested, without producing any diminution of the evil. In vain, too, were persons employed to sit up during whole nights, watching for the enemy; the bark continued to be found every morning at the roots of the trees, and the park-keepers, after all their trouble, could only conclude that the bark fell off in consequence of something being placed on the trunks in the daytime.' About the same time, the elms in the grove at Camberwell, near London, were observed to be undergoing a similar process of destruction; and the proprietors, being equally ignorant of its cause as in the instances just mentioned, the injury was ascribed to the effects of gas escaped from the pipes for lighting the road, which had just been laid down, and legal proceedings were actually commenced for the removal of the nuisance against the gas company which had undertaken the supply. Entomologists, it is true, were aware that the operations of insects were the cause of all this mischief, but unfortunately they were not believed until the disease had reached that pitch which threatened to make remedy hopeless. But at last a naturalist was consulted, and he at once discovered that an insect, called the Hylesinus destructor, had located itself in the parks, and legions of these little fellows were quietly and constantly at work, secretly proceeding in their labours of destruction, in spite and in defiance of Lord Sydney's denunciations. But not only did Mac Leay discover the cause of this evil: he, in the true spirit of philosophy, likewise directed a remedy to be applied, and these subtle miners became at once obedient to the voice of science, although they had defied the ranger's threats to prosecute them with the utmost severity of the law." The destructive power of insects will ex cite the less astonishment when we consider | dency which all plants exhibit, various animals, the rapidity with which they increase : "The Cossus ligniperda, or great goat moth, is a most powerful and destructive instrument in the hands of nature, and the rapidity with which this power is developed forms one of the not least interesting points of consideration. The larva of this insect have been proved by experiment to increase their weight 140 or 200 times in an hour, and, when full grown, to be 72,000 times heavier than when extruded from the egg. The willows near London, especially in the neighbourhood of Hackney, have suffered much lately from the depredations of this insect; but its ravages, and the rapidity of its increase, are nothing in comparison to those of the Termes bellicosus, which lays sixty eggs per minute, and will continue this operation for an almost incredible time, with scarcely any intermission, so that, at this rate, one female might lay 3,600 eggs per hour, or 86,400 in a day; and even a single female of the common flesh-fly, which is not the most prolific of its class, will give birth to 20,000 young; so that, as my accomplished colleague, the Professor of Geology, observes, there is some ground for the assertions of Linnæus and Wilcke, that three flies of Musca vomitoria could devour a dead horse as quickly as a lion; and that even the smallest insects can commit, when required, more ravages than an elephant, or any of our largest beasts."" Of the mighty swarms of insects which infest other countries, we fortunately know nothing by experience. Of locusts it is observed, that "One of these living clouds, which was three whole days and nights, without apparent intermission, passing over Smyrna, must have been, according to accurate observations made at the time, three hundred yards in depth, upwards of forty miles in width, and nearly five hundred miles in length. Captain Basil Hall calculates that the lowest number of locusts in this enormous swarm must have exceeded 168,608,563,200,000; and, in order to assist the imagination, Captain Beaufort determined that this cloud of locusts, which he saw drifting by when he lay at Smyrna, if formed into a heap, would have exceeded in magnitude more than a thousand and thirty times the largest pyramid of Egypt; or, if they had been placed on the ground close together, they would have encircled the globe with a band a mile and a furlong wide!' Indeed, history tells us that, when these conquering legions are subdued by tempests, their bodies occasionally overspread large tracts of country, even to four feet in depth, and, when driven into the sea, have formed a bank along the shore, three or and especially insects, are commissioned to curb their tyranny, by means the most simple, and yet the most effectual that can be possibly conceived. Thus, animals prefer for pasture those situations where their appropriate food is most abundant; and hence they quit those places where little is found, or when they have diminished its abundance. Insects, in like manner, colonise those spots alone, or chiefly, where the fit plants to feed their larvæ grow most freely; and hence it is that the preponderance is restrained; for the destruction or diminution of any overbearing species will, of course, favour the growth and increase of many that are weaker; and when their mission is performed, that is, when the preponderance is reduced, then the messengers depart, for, as their food is lessened, their numbers are necessarily reduced: and it is one remarkable feature in this extraordinary system of checks and counterchecks, that, unlike man, few of the lower animals are omnivorous: each has its appropriate food, and what will starve or poison some will afford healthy and sufficient sustenance to others. Thus, horses will not touch cruciferous plants, but they will feed on the reed grasses, amidst abundance of which goats have been known to starve; and these latter, again, will eat and grow fat on the water hemlock, which is a rank poison to other cattle; in the like manner, pigs will feed on henbane, while they are destroyed by common pepper; and the horse, which avoids the bland turnip, will grow fat on rhubarb, and take a drachm of arsenic daily with advantage." We can allow no further space to this little work-but, as we have often marvelled when young, how a nettle, which had neither thorns nor prickles, could so annoy our flesh, the following account of this adder of a weed may be interesting to other young people : "The stings of the nettle are most curiously constructed: each stimulus being a hollow stilet, something like the fang of a rattlesnake, the channel through which communicates with a reservoir, into which a gland at its base pours an acrid fluid, which, when anything touches the leaf, is compressed, and the fluid, rising through the duct, escapes through an opening at the side of the style near its point, and thus is lodged in the puncture the instrument has made. The Valisneria, the Cyclamen, the Utricularia, and a variety of other plants, exhibit mechanical contrivances equally beautiful, and equally well adapted to fulfil the purposes for which they were evidently designed." There is a tone of enthusiasm and love of four feet in height, and extending for fifty the calling-science, we should say throughout this lecture, which is pleasing in this age of cold inquiry and frozen discussion. miles." Of the insect races which occupy, for the task of destruction or defence, the ample domains of botany, read the Professor's brief account-it opens a wide field for investigation-we can make room only for a part: "Priority of possession gives many advantages to perennial and hardy over annual and more tender plants. Hence, when left without interference, as in unreclaimed countries, do we find vast tracts known as the regions of forests, the regions of thistles, and the regions of grass; all of which are more or less intolerant of each other, and maintain for ages their lines of demarcation with the strictest and most arbitrary power: for, notwithstanding the thistle down, as General Miller states in his 'Travels through Patagonia,' is blown over the bowling-greenlike pampas in such abundance that large balls are formed by its association, still few, very few, of the seeds germinate, except in their own peculiar regions. Now, to modify such circumstances, and to restrain the monopolizing ten THE LADIES' FAMILY LIBRARY, VOL. I. The Biographies of Madame de Staël and Madame Roland. By Mrs. Child. 1832. London, Kennett; Boston, U.S., Carter & Co. THANKS to the active kindness of friends, known and unknown-and, we would willingly believe, to the extending fame of the Athenæum-we are, even at this dull season, rather perplexed with our abundance, both of home and foreign literature. Mrs. Trollope's novel there was certainly no deferring the clever sketches of her former work, deep as they were eaten into the copper with aquafortis, had awakened hungry expectation equally in the admirers and scorners of brother Jonathan. Further translations from Sarrans' Lafayette' might reasonably be expected in the Athenæum, seeing that, with the exception of the Times, we only have unsealed the pages of his interesting volumes to English readers; although we are happy to say that Mr. Bentley announces a translation as immediately forthcoming. Then, too, we had a few scattered fragments from the last volume of 'Le Livre,' waiting to make their appearance; and just when we had portioned out our paper, with all consideration for these several claimants, there arrived, hurried off in sheets to us, the first volume of the LADIES' FAMILY LIBRARY,' containing the Lives of De Staël and Madame Roland, by our old friend and favourite Mrs. Child, whose valuable little books we first introduced to the English public, to English reprints, and to more than one English edition. We would that it were possible to take off our editorial hat, and with a sort of Semaphorean arm telegraph our return thanks across the Atlantic; as it is not, we must content ourselves with the established fashion, and trust to lagging packets and the kindness of our agents, Messrs. Peabody & Co. of New York, to deliver them in due course. The idea of a series of volumes which should in an especial manner address themselves to the feelings and the taste of women, was excellent; and we know not how it could have been better followed out and developed, than by female biographies. For such a work Mrs. Child, by the previous cultivation of her own heart and understanding, as made manifest to us in her useful and instructive works for young people, was better qualified than any American writer with whom we are acquainted; and she has executed her difficult task with assiduity and ability. We are not, however, prepared to admit, that Madame de Staël and Madame Roland ought to have been put so prominently forward as to occupy the first volume. With all our admiration of both these distinguished women, this pre-eminence looks too much like a worshipping of talent rather than of virtue. We had rather that some such compliment had been paid to the memory of Lady Russell, or to that of Mrs. Hutchinson, or to both; and we must remind Mrs. Child, that a Life of the latter is not even named among the that whenever such Life is written, which forthcoming biographies, and hint to her, be made as autobiographical as possible; for it assuredly must be, we recommend that it Mrs. Hutchinson's style is perfection. However, let us be content with what we have, and let us recommend the 'Ladies' Family Library' to the patronage and protection of our own countrymen-it well deserves it. Many of the volumes in preparation for this work are of great interest: among others are, Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe, Madame Laroche-Jaquelin, Princess Lamballe, &c., and one on The Employment and Condition of Women in various Ages and Nations, intended to show the Effects of Christianity on their Character and Situation': now may we without presumption advise Mrs. Child to cast an eye over the Brief Historical Notice of the Position of Women in Society,' which appeared in this paper in January last, and was a comprehensive outline, for such a work. Le Livre des Cent-et-Un. Vol. VI. [Third Notice.] ON concluding our translations from this volume, we shall merely glean some few fragments from the remaining contributions. We begin with an extract from an anonymous contribution, entitled The Idler at Paris. young lady admires, and not the frank and lights the pit of the Théâtre Français, you would suppose, from her unchanged countenance and look of unconcern, that she did not understand it; but you are mistaken. I know of nothing beyond the comprehension of these boardingschool angels; the coarse insults of the rabble, "When the idler can escape from an invitaand their disgusting language, are all understood tion to dinner-for he is a delightful companion, by these young ladies. If Henry Monnier drew full of wit and anecdote, and his company in in their presence one of those caricatures with great request-he, in the unlimited freedom of which his genius has often startled even meethis choice, dines at a restaurateur's. But which? ings of young men, they would exclaim as we He knows not himself until the moment of his do, Bravo, Monnier! That is it! You have repast. The most unimportant circumstancehit it to the life!' Whence do they derive their a falling leaf, a pretty little foot, or a fine figure, knowledge? Are there lectures upon such subwhich he determines not to lose sight of until the jects in the Parisian boarding-schools? Or is last moment, often decides the question; and it by the simple operation of the principle of then, wherever he goes, he is among old acquain- mutual instruction, with no other master than tances. His appearance at the Café de Paris, or instinct, and the powerful attraction of evil?" at Very's, or at the Frères-Provençaux, is an Next comes the sketch of a Parisian Griimportant event. The Dame du Comptoir sette, from a paper called Les Grisettes à smiles, as if it were the arrival of an expected Paris,' contributed by Ernest Desprez. Enfriend, or rather that of a faithless being, whonglish manners and feelings would not, pershe despaired of seeing again, which makes the haps, be well pleased, if we were to translate smile only the more fascinating. The waiters outvie each other in attention: the idler's for it is a very natural sketch of character. farther than we have done; we regret this, favourite place is prepared: the delicacies he prefers, and the wines of his choice, press before him unbidden. Scarcely is he seated than he is in friendly conversation with his neighbours. His dinner is prolonged, but without any violation of sobriety; the idler is too careful of his health for that-for without health, what would become of him? Only fancy him confined to his bed by sickness. He had much better be in the grave. At length he looks at his watch; and a finger gently consults his beard to ascertain whether it is in a state fit for the drawing-room. Fortunately, its somewhat rough reply tells him that he had better go to the play. We will follow him thither. Had he decided in favour of the drawing-room, we must have abandoned him; for, in those assemblies, where all individuality is effaced by the conventional and established forms of conversation and manners, he would have lost his original character-that type which alone renders him an object of attraction." The following is from the pen of Regnier Destourbet. The picture of a Parisian boarding-school girl is disgusting enough, but is not perhaps the less instructive. It forms part of a paper entitled, Marriageable young Ladies. "A mother, in every other respect an honest woman, would renounce her God to get a husband for her daughter. A mother, who has three daughters, is capable of almost anything; but a mother with four would not even stick at assassination. * * "At Paris, when a young lady is able to besmear a large sheet of drawing-paper with black chalk, and thump her piano to the satisfaction of Bach, or Zimmermann, her mother and her schoolmistress take her to the play-that school for scandal, where the ridiculous alone is criminal-where adultery is misfortune-where the indulgence of depraved passion elicits tears, scarcely less culpable than the cause which excites them. It is to such places that a girl is taken on her entrance into the world; and her young countenance displays the intoxication of delight at these hideous and immoral novelties. And ye, who deplore to see her fade before her time-wither ere she feels the meridian sun-look well at her! see her attention on the stretch, and how her eyes sparkle when, at the Gymnase, M. Scribe describes his fascinating scenes of vice, where corruption is inhaled at every breath and with every word, without one expression with which the most fastidious can find fault. This is the kind of drama which the The Grisette. "Formerly, the loose gown of gray stuff, worn by women of the lower class, was called a grisette; afterwards, by a simple figure of rhetoric, the name of the garment was applied to the women themselves. The grisettes of the present day are little aware of this; nor is the term at all correct, for they are now never clad in gray. The dress of a grisette is pink in summer, and blue in winter; in summer it is made of chintz, in winter of merino. "The grisette can no longer be considered as belonging to the lower class of females. There are grisettes of good family; at least, so they say. I know not the cause of such pretensions, unless it proceed from novel reading; but certain it is, that if a grisette arrives from a country place, she was on the eve of marriage with either the sub-prefect or the son of the mayor of her village, perhaps with the mayor himself; but the match was broken off. If bred at Paris, she is the daughter of a half-pay officer; her banns were published at the Mairie of the eleventh arrondissement; her intended was either a sublieutenant or a writer of melo-drames, and the marriage did not take place in consequence of some misunderstanding. Every grisette has had her misfortunes; often family misfortunes, but oftener still, misfortunes in love. "A grisette is always distinguished by her gait, the kind of work she does, her numerous attachments, her age, and her dress, particularly her little cap. "The grisette walks upon her toes, balances herself upon her hips, draws in her stomach, casts her eyes upon the ground, and moves her head to and fro, in gentle oscillations. "She either works at home, is in a shop, or for the dealers in eau de cologne, embroiders "Political contempt, or in other words, political ridicule, is a compensation which the pow erful leave to the weak. It is like the wooden sword of harlequin-used with vigour and wielded with force; but the blows make a great noise and do little injury; he upon whom they fall, is scarcely aware that he is struck. "Esteem is the small change of glory; it is the indemnity granted to fools. "It has never been clearly proved, that men individually are slaves under despotism, or free under liberty. Political opinion is a slavery of words. It is a mistake to suppose, that every thing in politics has an ultimate object. The political arena resembles Astley's, where the horses make speed devour distance, without stirring from the same place. Nations also fancy they are making great progress, and yet they go but round and round the circus, like Astley's horses. 66 People now-a-days are in love with liberty; in love, perhaps, like a man who has seen the portrait of a beautiful woman upon a snuff-box. How graceful! what beautiful eyes! what lovely features!-and the imagination sets off at full gallop. Those insensible features receive ideal life and animation, and the fair being is loved the more because she is unknown. Then sacrifices, journeys, pursuit of the object, until at length she is found. And, after all, what is she? A woman who was handsome, when the box belonged to the father of its actual possessor, but is now not even a shadow of her former self, and displays neither grace nor beauty of form. She is, at present, anything but a divinity; and in her whole person gives the lie to the portrait, of which some few out lines may be traced in the features of her granddaughter. "When liberty is absent, it is understood; but when it appears, it becomes incomprehensible. The reason is, that nothing ever can be perfect. Opposition will always be brilliant, because it is founded on what does not exist; but its chimeras, on becoming realities, undergo the fate of all things-they change from anticipated good to actual evil. "And for such follies do men hate each other-do whole nations rise, fight like large armies, and die like a single individual!—it was for the selfsame reason, that, on the 28th of July, I had no opinion. "There are men who fancy they have an opinion. Credulous people! who prepare at their own cost a banquet, of which they shall not themselves partake. What matters the principle? "Taxation is like a river, which none wish to dry up, but only to turn from its course, so that it may flow through and irrigate their pri vate estates." A Charge to the Clergy of the Diocese of Ir is contrary to our custom to notice works ought to have every honest channel of pub-| gift, either immediately or prospectively. I licity thrown open to it. Non-residence. "The non-residence of a considerable portion of our parochial clergy has been termed the opprobrium of the Church of England: in this Diocese, as well as in some others, it ought rather to be called its misfortune; for, in nearly every case where a parish does not enjoy the benefit of a resident Pastor, the cause is to be found in the want of a parsonage-house. I observe that there are no less than seventy-five parishes which have no glebe-house whatever; and that there are forty-five others in which the house belonging to the living is not inhabited either by the incumbent or by the curate. In some of the latter cases indeed the evil might be, and ought to be, removed by the enlargement and improvement of the mansion; but in the greater part, the building termed the glebe-house is a mere cottage, affording accommodation to the family of a day-labourer. After all deductions have been made, there remain above a hundred benefices in the Diocese entirely destitute of a residence, or anything which can be converted into a residence, for the Pastor." Pluralities. "The subject of plurality of livings held by the same incumbent, is one which occupies, at the present time, a large share of public attention; and is represented by those who are illinformed respecting the real condition of the Church, as an abuse of enormous magnitude. Whatever abuse may have anywhere existed in this practice will, I hope, be remedied for the future by the measures of the legislature. But in this Diocese we should look in vain for instances of pluralists enjoying excessive revenues, or such as are described to be unfitting the con dition of a churchman. There are certainly many cases of two benefices being held by the same person; but they are in most instances very small ones, and such as are singly inadequate to the decent maintenance of a clergyman. The poverty of so many preferments is the real evil which draws other bad consequences in its train: and it is to their improvement, up to a moderate amount, that we must look for the reformation of our Church in respect to pluralities. An Act of Parliament, which passed in the Session of 1831, has materially facilitated the improvement of livings in the patronage of ecclesiastical persons or corporations, by enabling them to charge upon their estates an augmentation of the benefices with which they are respectively connected; an enactment of which several ecclesiastical patrons have already availed themselves. The property of the See of Gloucester is for the most part leased in such a manner that I could hardly effect any improvement in small livings by those methods, except such an one as would commence at a very distant period, and probably not till the present generation had passed away. It is my intention not to satisfy myself with prospective improvement, but to devote, from the present time, a tenth part of the revenue of my See to the augmentation of small benefices; employing the sums so allotted in the manner most required by the circumstances of livings, and most likely to produce other improvements in their condition. The smallness of the endowment of my bishoprick occasions me regret only because the assistance which it is in my power to extend to this object, as well as to the building of churches, chapels, and school-rooms, and other matters essential to the cause of religion, cannot correspond with my own wishes, or with the real wants of the Diocese. But even my example may perhaps not be without effect: I entertain a strong hope that all ecclesiastical corporations will adopt such measures as are within their reach for improving the smaller livings in their may here mention that the Dean and Chapter of Westminster have recently come to a resolution to augment, without any delay, all their livings which are below 2001. a year in value, so as to raise them at least to that amount." The History of the Contagious Cholera. By James Kennedy. 3rd edit. London: Moxon. WE heretofore expressed our opinion of this work, and are glad to find that its merits have been duly appreciated. In the present edition Mr. Kennedy gives the result of his observations on the character and treatment of the disease in England. A Treatise on the Physiology and Pathology of the Ear. By John Harrison Curtis, Esq. Fifth Edition. London: Longman & Co. THE diseases of the ear were considered, not very long since, as beyond the powers and resources of medicine; but the great attention which has latterly been paid to this branch of surgery, has so added to our knowledge, that it can no longer be doubted that they are in most cases susceptible of relief, and in many of cure. We find proofs of this in the present treatise, which has been, and with justice, considered as a most important work upon a very obscure subject. The additions and improvements in this fifth edition cannot but increase the well-earned reputation that Mr. Curtis has acquired. Angling Excursions in Ireland. 4th edit. Dublin: Grant & Bolton. WHEN a book has reached the fourth edition, it is rather late in the day for praise or censure. We may however say, that, without possessing any very extraordinary merits, this is a light and agreeable little volume, and contains some lively and graphic descriptions of scenery in the most picturesque parts of Ireland. OUR LIBRARY TABLE. 'Hours of Reverie, by Louisa H. R. Coutier.' -We always put poesie in the van, though sometimes we must confess that the prose of the rear is the more etherial of the two. This lady gives us a very pretty notion of her mode of study. "The following lines were written," she says, "in those hours that more or less occur in every person's career: when we sit down unconscious of all around, and the soul seems at once swollen with the eventful past, the gliding present, and immense, but mysterious futurity; when, in its lone chambers, the heart reviews its loves, its hopes, its fears; or else, forgetful of its petty interests, and the noise of this busy world, it soars into pride at the consciousness of its own immortality. At last, I sought to express those dreaming, wandering thoughts that haunt our sleepless pillow, when the restless waves of society are sunk into rest, and the mighty sea of humanity is still and quiet as a dormant lakethe winds of time and death alone gliding in silence from pole to pole." These are brave words as one would wish to hear on a summer's day: those who desire to know the nature of the verse that Roars so loud and thunders in the index, shall be gratified. Still, still I think; but now, thought is no more Yet 'tis not calm, nor peace, that's in my breast: Tis a quiet.-The storm of passion's o'er, And my slight skiff would forward little If thy sail, O life, were not ever swoll'n By time's keen breeze. Well, on 1 slowly go. 'Poems, by Marcus Mackay.'-These are the verses of a young and untutored mind: they are occasionally natural and flowing, but deficient in bone and muscle. There is a song of the muses, which cannot boast of much inspiration; a chant about love, which has pretty words and little passion; and a poem on Poland deficient in martial energy and patriotic thought. 'The Elements: a Poem in Four Cantos, by Thomas Joyce.' Fire, water, woman, are man's ruin, Quoth wise Professor Vander Bruin. So sung Prior; but such is not the song of Mr. Joyce: he sings of fire, water, earth, and air, and seeks, he says, "to combine a few of the leading principles of philosophical and religious reflection with those of nature, by tracing an outline of the Elements, and their agency, from the first cause at the period of creation to their final destination at the day of judgment." Our poet tries his hand on Fire first. Grant me a pen from angel's wing, 'Midst the abundant store, 'Tis Nature's children see thee, and rejoice. As Mr. Joyce attributes all that is fair and beautiful in creation to Fire, he honours it sufficiently; yet he sings its drawbacks also, and complains of the fire of artillery, the springing of mines, burning of houses, and meteors' beards. To Water he attributes the growth of grain, and the beauty of the clouds, and much of the splendour of the sky; but then he is not insensible of the treachery of the ocean, the overflowing of rivers, and the descent of water spouts. The Earth receives high praise: she produced man's strength and woman's beauty, and gold, and diamonds, and precious stones, and moreover much victual. On Air he bestows commendation, and thinks of Sabæan odours from the spicy shore Yet the honesty of his muse will not allow him to forget that death is breathed by certain breezes, hot or cold; and that trees are blown down, corn shaken, ships sunk, and sundry evils occasioned by high winds. We have no wish to laugh at the verses of an amiable and pious person; but really he ought not to have chosen a subject too heavy for his handling. There are some natural thoughts not unhappily expressed in his little book. Standard Novels, Nos. 18 and 19: 'The Pastor's Fire-side, by Miss Jane Porter.'-These are neat volumes, and handsomely embellished. An introduction informs us concerning the composition of this novel, and why the authoress laid the scenes in which Ripperda and Wharton figured on the coast of Northumberland. There is something very amiable and touching in the following passage: "It was there, indeed, as my former writings have gratefully testified, that our young hearts first imbibed the well-springs of all that we have since felt of those best impulses of human nature. And after we had passed over Cheviot, whose often wistfully-scanned brow had so long parted our infant years from the land of our mother's parental home, the passion for the legend, and the land connected with it, which our Scottish nurse-tales of Falkirk and Culloden had first awakened, was then roused to fresh excitement, by a beloved aunt's narratives of 'all the country round.' Of consecrated Lindisfarne, and its monastery, enclosing the tombs of ancient kings as well as of martyred saints. Of Warkworth Castle, where Harry Hotspur took leave of his sweet wife! and we looked up from the keep-mount, with sorrow in our little |