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5.On their character as Christians, our author dwells with something approaching to complacency. He regrets, indeed, the absence of the church-going bell, and the want of permanent institutions; but observes, that, except in Louisiana, there is everywhere else abundance of some kind of preaching. Should a traveller approach a village in a dress resembling the clerical, he is instantly hailed as a preacher, and asked if he wishes to announce a sermon to the people. Mr. Flint thinks well of the wandering clergy :

"There are stationary preachers in the towns, particularly in Ohio. But in the rural congregations through the western country beyond

multitudes, with the highest excitement of social
feeling added to the general enthusiasm of ex-
pectation, pass from tent to tent, and interchange
apostolic greetings and embraces, and talk of
the coming solemnities. Their coffee and tea
are prepared, and their supper is finished. By
this time the moon, for they take thought, to
appoint the meeting at the proper time of the
summits of the mountains; and a few stars are
moon, begins to show its disk above the dark
seen glimmering through the intervals of the
branches. The whole constitutes a temple worthy
of the grandeur of God. An old man, in a dress
of the quaintest simplicity, ascends a platform,
wipes the dust from his spectacles, and in a
voice of suppressed emotion, gives out the hymn,
of which the whole assembled multitude can re-
cite the words, and an air in which every voice
can join. We should deem poorly of the heart,
that would not thrill, as the song is heard, like
the 'sound of many waters,' echoing among the

hills and mountains. Such are the scenes, the

associations, and such the influence of external
things upon a nature so fearfully and wonder-
fully' constituted, as ours, that little effort is ne-
cessary on such a theme as religion, urged at
such a place, under such circumstances, to fill
the heart and the eyes. The hoary orator talks
of God, of eternity, a judgment to come, and all
that is impressive beyond. He speaks of his
' experiences,' his toils and travels, his persecu-

in hope, in peace, and triumph, gathered to
their fathers; and when he speaks of the short
space that remains to him, his only regret is,
that he can no more proclaim, in the silence of
death, the mercies of his crucified Redeemer.

"There is no need of the studied trick of
oratory, to produce in such a place the deepest
movements of the heart. No wonder, as the
speaker pauses to dash the gathering moisture
from his own eye, that his audience are dissolved
in tears, or uttering the exclamations of peni-
tence. Nor is it cause for admiration, that many,
who poised themselves on an estimation of higher
intellect, and a nobler insensibility, than the
crowd, catch the infectious feeling, and become
women and children in their turn; and though
they came to mock, remain to pray.'

Ohio, it is seldom that a minister is sta-
tionary for more than two months. A ministry
of a year in one place may be considered be-
yond the common duration. Nine tenths of the
religious instruction of the country is given by
people, who itinerate, and who are, with very
few exceptions, notwithstanding all that has
been said to the contrary, men of great zeal and
sanctity. These earnest men, who have little
to expect from pecuniary support, and less
from the prescribed reverence and influence,
which can only appertain to a stated ministry,
find, at once, that everything depends upon the
cultivation of popular talents. Zeal for the great
cause, mixed, perhaps, imperceptibly, with a
spice of earthly ambition, and the latent emulations, and welcomes, and how many he has seen
tion and pride of our natures, and other motives,
which unconsciously influence, more or less, the
most sincere and the most disinterested, the
desire of distinction among their cotemporaries
and their brethren, and a reaching struggle for
the fascination of popularity, goad them on to
study all the means and arts of winning the
people. Travelling from month to month
through dark forests, with such ample time and
range for deep thought, as they amble slowly on
horseback along their peregrinations, the men
naturally acquire a pensive and romantic turn
of thought and expression, as we think, favour-
able to eloquence. Hence, the preaching is of a
highly popular cast, and its first aim is to excite
the feelings. Hence, too, excitements, or in
religious parlance, awakenings,' are common
in all this region. Living remote, and consigned
the greater part of the time, to the musing lone-
liness of their condition in the square clear-
ing of the forest, or the prairie; when they con-
gregate on these exciting occasions, society
itself is a novelty, and an excitement. The
people are naturally more sensitive and enthu-
siastic, than in the older countries. A man of
rude, boisterous, but native eloquence, rises
among these children of the forest and simple
nature, with his voice pitched upon the tones,
and his utterance thrilling with that awful theme,
to which each string of the human heart every-
where responds; and while the woods echo his
vehement declamations, his audience is alter-
nately dissolved in tears, awed to profound feel-
ing, or falling in spasms. This country opens a
boundless theatre for strong, earnest, and un-
lettered eloquence; and the preacher seldom
has extensive influence, or usefulness, who does
not possess some touch of this power."

The following description is in a spirit which we like: how differently an English lady and an American gentleman have viewed the same sort of scene,-the latter is more to our taste:

"Such are the preachers. The line of tents is pitched; and the religious city grows up in a few hours under the trees, beside the stream. Lamps are hung in lines among the branches; and the effect of their glare upon the surrounding forest is, as of magic. The scenery of the most brilliant theatre in the world is a painting only for children, compared with it. Meantime the

The pursuits of the people are slightly touched upon their wanderings on the Ohio and the Mississippi, shooting deer, or conveying their grain to distant markets, might furnish materials for a romance. We must take one clever picture from Mr. Flint's gallery, and hang it up in our pages.

"All the toil, and danger, and exposure, and moving accidents of this long and perilous voyage, are hidden, however, from the inhabitants, who contemplate the boats floating by their dwellings on beautiful spring mornings, when the verdant forest, the mild and delicious temperature of the air, the delightful azure of the sky of this country, the fine bottom on the one hand, and the romantic bluff on the other, the broad and smooth stream rolling calmly down the forest, and floating the boat gently forward, present delightful images and associations to the beholders. At this time there is no visible danger, or call for labour. The boat takes care of itself; and little do the beholders imagine, how different a scene may be presented in half an hour. Meantime, one of the hands scrapes a violin, and the others dance. Greetings, or rude defiances, or trials of wit, or proffers of love to the girls on the shore, or saucy messages, are scattered between them and the spectators along the banks. The boat glides on, until it disappears behind the point of wood. At this moment, perhaps, the bugle, with which all the boats are provided, strikes up its note in the distance over the water. These scenes, and these notes, echoing from the bluffs of the beautiful Ohio, have a charm for the imagination, which, although heard a thousand

times repeated, at all hours, and in all positions, present the image of a tempting and charming youthful existence, that naturally inspires a wish to be a boatman."

We have been both pleased and instructed by the perusal of these volumes. They are the work of a clever clear-headed man, who is haunted with no sublime visions of Transatlantic perfectibility, and who sees, and judges, and feels for himself. He is moreover honest and eloquent, and the latter is as much his own as the former: he is easy, and generally unaffected, and not at all studious to say grand things, or send to the printer fine turned and silver sounding periods, like writers whom we could name on both sides of the Atlantic. We think, however, that the second volume of his work is not at all equal to the first, either in information or in

terest. It is too general in its details and descriptions: the space was too small; he ought

to have taken as much room for the rest of his country's vales as he has done for the Mississippi, and so laid us under a lasting obligation.

Twenty-five Years in the Rifle Brigade. By the late William Surtees, Quartermaster. Edinburgh, Blackwood; London, Cadell. To talk over his battle-fields was ever the allowed privilege of an old soldier; and after the glorious campaigns of this century, our brave veterans may, with some justice, claim a right to a larger auditory than a domestic circle. We, however, as civilians, must acknowledge that we take little interest in military memoirs, except so far as they are rich in personal anecdote and personal expewith us, and therefore it is that the narrariences and the public, we suspect, agree tives of Subalterns and Privates have generally been better welcomed than the more scientific details of their superior officers.

The writer of the present work belongs to the former class-he entered the army as a common soldier, and advanced by progressive steps to be quartermaster;---but it is impossible to read the many testimonials and letters from his superior officers, printed in the Appendix, received by him, when, after more than a quarter of a century, ill health compelled him to retire from the service, without a feeling of respect for so good a man and so brave a soldier.

We shall not pretend to offer anything like a review of such a work, but cull here and there a few scattered anecdotes-and, as the writer was on active service, from the melancholy campaigns in Holland to the close of the Peninsular war, we need not add that there are abundant for our purpose. We shall here give a few from his first campaign in Holland. His division was ordered to advance upon Hoorne.

"We moved off as it became dark, but such was the state of the roads that it became the most trying and distressing march that I believe ever troops undertook; the roads were literally knee deep in mud in most places, while every now and then they were rendered nearly impassable, both by the enemy having broken down the bridges over the innumerable canals and dikes which intersect this country, and these canals in many places having overflowed their banks. None but those who have experienced this or something similar, can form an idea of the fatigue attending a night march in such a country, where the column is large.

"About break of day we reached the city,

which at once surrendered; but just before daylight, I became so excessively weary that I could not continue in the ranks any longer; indeed men had been dropping out for some hours before, so that, I suppose, when the head of the column reached Hoorne, one half the number had fallen out; for it was beyond the powers of human nature to sustain such excessive fatigue. I, with two or three others, got behind a house that stood by the roadside, and laid ourselves down on a paved footpath which led from the back-door. Never in my life did I experience a greater luxury than this appeared to be, where something hard, and that would keep me out of the deep and filthy mire could be found to rest upon."

The close of his first battle:

"I do not remember ever to have felt more fatigued than I did after this day's work. We had marched before commencing the action, I should think, twelve miles or more. We had been kept upon the run the greater part of the day, and had fought over nearly as much more ground, through loose sand, sometimes nearly up to the middle of the leg, and over ground so extremely uneven, that a few miles of leisurely walking on such, would be more than I should be able to accomplish now; and we had been nearly all the day deprived of every sort of liquid, for our canteens were soon emptied of what little they contained in the morning, and having myself fired nearly 150 rounds of ammunition, the powder of which, in biting off the ends of the cartridges, had nearly choked me. What would I not have given for a good drink? I felt completely exhausted, and laid me down with the others with great good-will on the top of one of the sand-hills. But the night proved extremely wet, so that every one of us was very soon as completely soaked as if he had been dragged through a river; and, to crown my misfortunes, I was without a blanket. * * *

I ́en

"An officer of ours of the name of Lacy, who had formerly been the captain of the Northum. berland light company, and who volunteered with us, offered any man half a guinea for the use of a blanket for that night only, but without being able to obtain one: this will give some idea of the kind of night it was. I had nothing for it, but just to put the cock of my musket between my knees, to keep it as dry as possible, and lay myself down as I was. deavoured to get as close as I could to one who had a blanket, and lay down with my head at his feet, which he had covered up very comfortably with his blanket. The rain pelted so heavily and so incessantly on my face, that I ventured after a while to pull a little corner of this man's blanket just to cover my cheek from the pitiless storm, and in this situation snatched a comfortable nap; but he awakening in the night, and finding that I had made free with the corner of his blanket, rudely pulled it from off my face, and rolled it round his feet again.

66

I was fain to lie still and let it pelt away, and even in this exposed situation I got some sleep, so completely were the powers of nature exhausted by fatigue. At length morning arose and showed us to ourselves, and such a group of sweeps we had seldom seen. Our clothing was literally all filth and dirt: our arms the colour of our coats with rust; and our faces as black as if we had come out of a coal-pit. In biting off the ends of the cartridges, there are generally a few grains of powder left sticking on the lips and about the mouth; these, accumulated as they must have been by the great quantity of ammunition each of us had fired, and with the profuse perspiration we were in during the heat of the day, added to the wet which fell upon us during the night, had caused the powder to run all over our faces; so that in the morning we cut the most ludicrous figure imaginable. However we immediately set about

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getting our arms again in trim, for though the enemy had left us masters of the field of action, they were not far distant from us. We soon got our firelocks again in fighting order; that is, they would go off, though the brightness, on which a clean soldier piques himself, was gone past recovery at this time. I now felt rather sore from firing my piece so often; the recoil against my shoulder and breast had blackened them, and rendered them rather painful, and the middle finger of my right hand was completely blackened and swoln from the same

cause."

Dreadful as the privations and sufferings of our brave fellows appear to have been on this occasion, they were all encountered voluntarily and from affection:

"A girl, who had followed a grenadier belonging to my regiment when he volunteered out of the militia, accompanied her protector during the whole of this day's operations, and shared equally with him every danger and fatigue to which he was exposed, and no argument could prevail upon her to leave him till the whole business was over, and till the battalion to which her sweetheart belonged was sent to the rear at night."

A curious and interesting incident is mentioned relating to the capture of the French eagle at the battle of Barossa :

*

"I understand, when the 87th charged, Ensign Keogh of that regiment made the first attempt to wrench the eagle from the officer who carried it; but in so doing he was run through by several of those who supported it, and fell lifeless to the ground. Sergeant Masterson of fortunate, he succeeding in securing it. * that regiment then dashed at it, and was more There is something rather extraordinary and very interesting in the story of the eagle and the 8th regiment, if it be true, and which I see no reason to doubt. They were one of the regiments, it is said, which were engaged at Talavera, and were particularly distinguished; and it is further said, that the 87th was one of the regiments opposed to them, and over which they gained some advantage; that is, the French troops caused the British brigade, in which the 87th was serving, to retire with considerable loss; and that it was for their conduct in this action that Bonaparte had placed a golden wreath of laurel round the neck of the regimental eagle with his own hand. If such was the case, it is most remarkable that the very regiment by whom they should have obtained this honour, should be the regiment that deprived them of their eagle, which had been so highly honoured. But here, poor fellows, although they did not lose their honour, they lost very nearly the whole regiment; for out of 1400 which entered the field, not more than 200 of them entered Chiclana after the action. Indeed

I never witnessed any field so thickly strewed with dead as this plain was after the action; and I feel confident, and all accounts agree in confirming the opinion, that the loss of the French on this occasion was little short of 3000

men; ours was almost 1250. Here then we have a loss of 4000 men in about an hour and a half, out of about 12,000 which composed the two armies."

We are so pressed with new works this week, that we can only find room for one or two other anecdotes. A very honourable one is told of his commanding officer :— "During our stay at Brabourn Lees, a circumstance occurred which called forth an exhibition of as great magnanimity, on the part of Colonel Beckwith, as I almost ever remember to have witnessed: We had received about 200 Irish volunteers, who were wild and ungovernable in the extreme; a party of these, in strolling about one day, had fallen in with Mrs. Beck

with, with her maid and child taking a walk along the Ashford road. Not knowing, I imagine, who the lady and her maid were, they set on and as saulted them in the most violent and outrageous manner, proceeding to such lengths as perhaps delicacy forbids to mention. It was, I believe, discovered who they were. Accordingly the next day, the Colonel formed the battalion into a square, and proceeded to relate the circumstance to the regiment; But,' says he, although I know who the ruffians are, I will not proceed any farther in the business, because it was my own wife that they attacked; but, had it been the wife of the meanest soldier in the regiment, solemnly declare I would have given you every lash which a court-martial might have sentenced you.' Such a trait of generous forbearance is not often met with; but by this, and similar instances of liberal feeling, he completely gained the heart of every soldier in the battalion, a thing not always attainable by very excellent commanding-officers."

I

Another is not the less worthy of being recorded that it relates to a brave enemy. The writer is speaking of the siege of Cadiz :

"On another occasion an attack was made by our people on the Trocadero itself. *** They reached the place where it was said the French craft was lying, and fired a considerable number of rockets, but without being able to effect anything farther than burning one boat, I believe. As they were returning, however, they met the French commander, who had been down to the point in a light boat, and he, like a brave fellow, determined to run completely the gauntlet rather than return, keeping as close in shore, however, as possible. The whole of our gun-boats fired at him as he passed, and knocked the water up about him in all directions without ever once touching him, although, to look at him, one would have imagined it impossible he could escape; but here the old soldier's adage was verified, for there was still more room to miss than to hit him, and he accordingly escaped scot-free."

We

may

hereafter continue our extracts.

LARDNER'S CABINET CYCLOPEDIA. History of England. By the Right Hon. Sir James Mackintosh. Vol. III. Two thirds of the present volume were completed before the death of the distinguished writer; and we are happy to hear that the various manuscripts and memoranda left by him relating to the History of England, have been purchased by the proprietors, and will be used as required in the progress of the work. The continuator of such a work, even with these aids and appliances, must labour under many disadvantages; but we are happy to see that he is imbued with the same feelings and opinions as his predecessor; and certainly the concluding chapters of the present volume are very ably written.

OUR LIBRARY TABLE.

There is no romance in church history, properly 'Twenty-four Tales of the English Church.'-considered. We do not like, therefore, the plan or title of this little volume. What the author terms filling up the outline, ought not to be done; where the more distinct the outline is kept, the better. The food which church history gives, is also too strong for young minds, which are habitually inclined, strange as it may seem, to controversy on the one side, and enthusiasm on the other-dispositions to which church history, read at too early a period, is sure to minister unhealthy nourishment.

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'Sermons preached in the Chapel of Rugby School, with an Address before Confirmation, by Thomas Arnold, D.D.'-These sermons, considering the parties to whom they were addressed, are truly admirable; they are plain, sensible, practicable; the writer's style is kind and conciliating-full of gentleness and affectionate earnestness; and his sermons would be, in our judgment, among the very best discourses that could be read by a father of a family after domestic prayer.

'The Modern Sabbath Examined.'-This is a candidly written volume, but there are many arguments in it which would admit of forcible replies. Respecting, therefore, as we do, both the ability and excellent temper of the author, we must leave his work to the examination of those who, from duty or inclination, may be likely to canvass his views. He is evidently a man of thought and reading, and whenever such men write on controverted questions, some good, some novel, and some practically useful opinions are to be looked for. These will be occasionally met with in the work before us, and it therefore merits a place among the numerous treatises which have been written on the same subject.

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'The Happy Week; or, Holydays at Beechwood,' is a very admirable little book for young masters and misses. The Miss Corbets have already in the Cabinet for Youth,' proved themselves very amiable and intelligent children's friends. Their present work has the same benevolent object, and will meet, we have no doubt, with equal success. Though it was intended for students varying from seven to fourteen years of age, we are not ashamed to confess, that we have enjoyed the whole week's Holydays as much as the youngest-have laughed as much at the jokes, and been as interested with the stories. Altogether, we can recommend it as worthy to occupy a prominent place in every Juvenile Library.

'Sketches of Birds in short Enigmatical Verses, by Samuel Roper.'-We care very little about the enigmatical verses; but the illustrative anecdotes, which occupy about five-sixths of the whole work, are likely to interest young people.

A Practical Treatise on Cholera as it has appeared in various parts of the Metropolis, by Alexander Tweedie, and Charles Gaselee, M.R.C.S.' -A summary of the observations made in the Cholera Hospitals superintended by the writers. The work is valuable, as all contributions of facts must be-and we fear, that, whoever shall undertake to write the history of the Cholera in England, will find that, multitudinous as works on this subject have been, there is a lamentable paucity of facts in them.

'Butler's Medicine Chest Directory, and Family Catalogue of Drugs, Chemicals, &c.'-We are not very partial to popular treatises on medicine. This, however, is as good as any of the class, perhaps better.

ORIGINAL PAPERS
OCEANIDES. No. I.

THE OUTWARD-BOUND SHIP.
BY MRS. FLETCHER.

(Late Miss Jewsbury.)

SHE is on her way, a goodly ship,
With her tacklings loosed, her pilot gone;
Behind, beneath, around, the deep,

And far the land where she beareth on:
Fading, fast fading, yonder lie

The last of her home, the hills of Devon, And the brightness and calm of a Sabbath sky Have made them shine like the gates of heaven.

To those who watch her from the strand,
She is but a cloud 'mid sea and air!
And having gazed, perchance the band
Move onward with a languid prayer.

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Yet is she vast from deck to keel,

A city moving on the waters,
Freighted with business, woe and weal,
Freighted with England's sons and daughters.
The sea is round them: many a week

They o'er that deep salt sea must roam,
And yet the sounds of land will break
The spell, and send their spirits home;
The cry of prisoned household bird,
Shrill mingling with the boatswain's call;
With surge and sail, the lowing herd,

And hark-street music over all!
"Arouse thee," from the bugle's mouth,
And with the merry viol's aid,
Tunes gathered from the north and south,
For dance and dinner signals made:
Harsh music to the gifted ear,

Teasing, perhaps, heard day by day,
Yet often precious, often dear,

As waking dreams of-Far away. Alas! the sea itself wakes more!

With its briny smell and heaving breast, With its length and breadth without a shore, With its circling line from east to west, Telleth it not of home, of earth, With her rills, and flowers, and steadfastness, Till sick thoughts in the soul have birth,

And loath'd is the foaming wilderness?
No more, no more: we are on our way:
The tropics are gained, and who would pine
For the pallid sun of an English day?
For the glittering cold of its night's moon-
shine?

No more, no more-why pine for flowers,
If DUTY Our Indian amaranth be?

If we look to the land that shall soon be ours,
A land where is "no more sea"!

Off Madeira, Oct. 6, 1832.

DR. SPURZHEIM.

JOHN GASPAR SPURZHEIM was born on the 31st of December, 1776, at the village of Longvich, near the city of Treves, on the Moselle. His father was a farmer. Being designed by his friends for the profession of theology, he was sent to finish his education at the celebrated University of Treves. In consequence of the war in 1799, the students were dispersed, and Spurzheim removed to Vienna, where he became a tutor in a private family. In this capacity, he first became acquainted with Dr. Gall, the founder of the craniological doctrine, as it was then called; and in the year 1800, attended, for the first time, the private course of lectures which Dr. Gall had been occasionally in the habit of giving, at his own residence, for four years past. Convinced that the principles advocated by Gall were founded in truth, and allured by the wide and uncultivated field of original research opened to his view, Spurzheim devoted himself particularly to anatomy and physiology; and having completed his studies, in 1804, became the associate and fellow-labourer of Dr. Gall. Previous to the commencement of this connexion, Gall had developed the principal points in the philosophy of his system, which may be shortly stated to be-firstly, that the moral qualities and intellectual faculties are innate; secondly, that their exercise or their manifestation depends upon the organization; thirdly, that the brain is the organ of all the propensities, mental emotions, and intellectual faculties; fourthly, that the brain consists of as many separate organs as there are propensities, feelings, and faculties, essentially differing from each other; and fifthly, that the form of the head or cranium represents, in the majority of cases, the form of the brain, and suggests varied means of ascertaining the primary qualities and faculties, and the situations of their organs. Besides the developement of these principles, Dr. Gall had pointed out the localities of the

principal organs,

and laid the foundation of his new anatomy of the brain.

Drs. Gall and Spurzheim thus associated, unintermittingly pursued their inquiries; maturing their ideas, combating objections, multiplying observations, and examining the true structure of the brain. To this last department it is understood that Spurzheim's attention was, at this time, chiefly directed. In 1805, Dr. Gall was ordered to discontinue teaching his doctrine, or to quit Vienna; he chose the latter alternative, and with his associate set out on a journey through Europe. They visited the principal cities in Germany and the north of Europe, and arrived at Paris in 1807. In 1808, they presented a joint memoir, on the anatomy of the brain, to the Institute; and in their work, they first described the true structure of the convolutions, and their connexion with the rest of the cerebral mass. Shortly after, they commenced and proceeded, jointly, in their great work, entitled, "The Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System, in general, and of the Brain in particular; with observations upon the possibility of ascertaining several intellectual and moral dispositions of man and animals, by the configuration of their heads." 4 vols. in folio, with an atlas of 100 plates. During the publication of this magnificent work, some disagreement, it is alleged, occurred between the authors; and the work, which was not completed until 1819, was continued by Gall singly.

In 1814, Dr. Spurzheim visited England, and by his lectures and writings disseminated a knowledge of phrenology, as he now termed the science, and rendered its principles in some degree popular. A most virulent attack was now made, on the doctrine and its authors, by the late Dr. John Gordon, in the 49th number of the Edinburgh Review. "We look," says Dr. Gordon, "upon the whole doctrines, taught by these two modern peripatetics, (Drs. Gall and Spurzheim,) anatomical, physiological, and physiognomical, as a piece of thorough quackery, from beginning to end; they are a collection of mere absurdities, without truth, connexion, or consistency, which nothing could have induced any man to have presented to the public, under pretence of instructing them, but absolute insanity, gross ignorance, or the most inatchless assurance." To this criticism, Dr. Spurzheim published a calm and temperate reply.

In 1817 he returned to Paris, and revisited England in 1825. Until his departure for America, he continued to give lectures in the principal cities of England, Ireland, and Scotland; and occasionally, during this period, passed his time at Paris. About the time of his return to England, he married a French lady, but three or four years afterwards had the misfortune to lose his wife; she left no children.

During his residence in England, Dr. Spurzheim published the following works, some of which have passed through several editions1. The new Physiognomical System. 2. Phrenology, or the Doctrine of the Mind. 3. Philosophical Principles of Phrenology. 4. Outlines of Phrenology. 5. Elementary Principles of Education. 6. Examination of the Objections made in Great Britain against Phrenology. 7. Observations on Insanity. 8. Illustrations of Phrenology, in connexion with the Study of Physiognomy. 9. A Catechism of Man. 10. The Anatomy of the Brain.

Some of the views, taken in these works by Dr. Spurzheim, differ from those advanced in the writings of Gall; and to the list of organs, given by the latter, Dr. S. has added nine others. To these, he has given the names of Inhabitiveness, Conscientiousness, Hope, Marvellousness, Size, Weight or Resistance, Order, Eventuality, and Time.

A few months since, Dr. Spurzheim departed for the American continent, and having arrived

at Boston, commenced a series of lectures. He had finished his course, with the exception of the concluding lecture, when he was prevented from continuing by severe indisposition, of which there had previously been some striking indication. His strength was evidently exhausted, the last time he appeared in public; and when he announced his concluding lecture for a future evening, having, in the meantime, been obliged to change his place of lecturing, and not having decided where he should assemble his hearers the next time, but desiring to consult their wishes, he inquired of them "In what place shall we meet the next time?" a question, which the event proved to be of sad and foreboding import. He did not live to meet those friends again, as he and they had fondly anticipated. The indisposition (continued fever) under which he was then suffering, gradually assumed a more severe character, and unhappily, the state of his feelings produced a reluctance to call in medical aid, in the early stage of his illness; added to which, was that inevitable anxiety of mind, which preys on the physical constitution in every one situated as he was, alone, and far remote from his native land. At length, his physical powers, strong as they appeared to be, yielded to the disease, which, perhaps, operated also with augmented strength upon a constitution of great susceptibility, and in a climate to which it was not habituated. This eminent man breathed his last on the 10th of November, 1832.

The funeral took place on the 17th of November, on which occasion, after the prayer, an eulogy was pronounced by Dr. Jollen, the German Professor of Harvard University, and an ode by the Rev. Mr. Pierpont, inserted in our last number, was sung.

OUR WEEKLY GOSSIP ON LITERATURE
AND ART.

AMONG all the advertisements of the Quarterly Review, there are but few announcements of new books. The elections of members for the Reformed Parliament engage the attention of the three kingdoms at present, and nothing will be regarded which is unleavened with politics. There is one passage, however, in the Quarterly, which we read with more than common pleasure. "The present Chancellor of England," says the reviewer, "has placed the patronage of all his livings below the value of 2001. per annum at the disposal of the bishops in their respective dioceses. When one of the richest pieces of preferment in his gift, a prebendal stall at Bristol, worth, perhaps, 500l. per annum, became vacant, he sought out an humble, learned, pious man, without birth or interest, a man whom all other ministers and chancellors had overlooked, and permitted to remain in obscurity and indigence—a man, nevertheless, whom all Europe had long delighted to honour-Professor Lee; and on him he bestowed it. Dr. Croly, too, so eminent, among his multifarious accomplishments, for theological learning, has received, we are told, in his fiftieth year, his first benefice at the same hand." Well may the Quarterly eulogize a man so little of a self-seeker. There is, however, one, a learned and a worthy man, Cary, the translator of Dante, whose genius would not dishonour preferment.

In Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, there is a curious account current between Constable & Co. and Sir Walter Scott, and a case for the consideration of lawyers submitted whether the bankruptcy of the bookseller did not dissolve the bargain made with Ballantyne, on behalf of the author, for the novel

of 'Woodstock'; there is a still more curious paper, on the Genius of Scott, by Miss Harriet Martineau. The following passage will make many stare, who thought Dandie Dinmont, Andrew Fairservice, Cuddie Headrigg, and others, belonged to the humble classes.

"What is there of humble life in his narra

By hum

tives? What did he know of those who live and move in that region? Nothing. There is not a character from humble life in all his library of volumes; nor had he any conception that character is to be found there. ble life, we do not mean Edie Ochiltree's lot of privileged mendicity, nor Dirk Hatteraick's smuggling adventures, nor the Saxon slavery of Gurth, nor the feudal adherence of Dougal, and Caleb Balderstone, and Adam Woodcock, nor the privileged dependence of Caxon and Fairservice. None of these had anything to do with humble life; each and all formed part of the aristocratic system, in which Walter Scott's affections were bound up. Jeanie Deans herself, besides being no original conception of Sir Walter's, derives none of her character or interest from her station in life, any further than as it was the occasion of the peculiarity of her pilgrimage. We never think of Jeanie as poor, or low in station. Her simplicity is that which might pertain to a secluded young woman of any rank; and it is difficult to bear in mindit is like an extraneous circumstance, that her sister was at service, the only attempt made throughout at realizing the social position of the parties. We do not mention this as any drawback upon the performance, but merely as saving the only apparent exception to our remarks,

that Sir Walter rendered no service to humble life, in the way of delineating its society. Faithful butlers and barbers, tricky lady's maids, eccentric falconers and gamekeepers, are not those among whom we should look for the strength of character, the sternness of passion, the practical heroism, the inexhaustible patience, the unassuming self-denial, the unconscious beneficence-in a word, the true-heartedness which is to be found in its perfection in humble life. Of all this Walter Scott knew nothing."

for the present, from publishing in his CabiWe hear that Major has been prevented, net Gallery, a print from the Blind Fiddler' of Wilkie, because Messrs. Moon & Boys claim an exclusive right for their very maswhich this monopoly is claimed, was made terly print, by Burnet. The engraving for before the painting, we believe, was purchased by the country; but the picture either belongs to the nation or it does not; and unless the government purchased it with this reservation upon it, we should think that Major has as good a right to a copy as any other person. At any rate, it involves as pretty a point of law, as one would wish to hear argued in a summer's day, and it would be well to have it settled.

This week has been alive with musical

promises: Monsieur Chelard is, it appears, arrived in London to superintend the production of his "Metternacht" at Drury Lane, and to direct the German operas at the same theatre; whilst Gühr, the most celebrated disciplinarian of Germany, is expected to direct the rival company at the Italian Opera House.

Mr. Seguin has also returned from the continent, with a complete list of the artistes engaged for the King's Theatre, which, it is said, will open at the end of next month, with Madlle. Blasis and Madlle. Taglioni for the leading stars.

SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY

ROYAL SOCIETY.

Dec. 20.-Francis Bailey, Esq., Vice Presi dent, in the chair.

The following papers were read, 'On the Secretion and Uses of the Bile,' by B. Phillips, Esq., communicated by G. W. Maton, M.D., V.P.R.S., and 'On certain properties of Vapour,' by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner, F.R.S.

Dr. Faraday's Experimental Researches in Electricity, (third series,) was announced for reading on the 10th of January next.

The Society then adjourned over the Christmas vacation, to meet again on the 10th of January, 1833.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Dec. 19.-Roderick Impey Murchison, Esq., President, in the Chair. Richard Griffith Killaly, Esq., was elected a Fellow of this Society.

A paper by William Lonsdale, Esq., F.G.S. 'On the Oolites of Gloucestershire,' was read.

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The Rev. Dr. Crombie, LL.D., F.R.S., M.R.S.L. London: Smith & Elder.

THIS fine portrait of the venerable Preacher is from a miniature by William Booth, enlarged and drawn on stone by R. J. Lane, ARA. The expression is placid, and there is an air of serenity about the whole, true to the character of the man, and which gives us a favourable opinion of the taste of the young artist. It is, perhaps, the severest test to which a work of art can be exposed, that of expanding it; what ever is incorrect in the small, becomes aggra. vated in the large; the proportions, however, of this portrait, have not suffered by the enlarge

ment.

THEATRICALS

DRURY LANE.

THE title of the pantomime at this house, is 'Harlequin Traveller; or, the World Inside Out.' Both the great houses have exerted themselves this Christmas, and both have, in some things, been successful. But the exerrewarded as they used to be. The time for this tions bestowed on pantomimes are no longer species of entertainment is nearly gone by. tion some twenty years ago, and have been They had reached their highest point of attrac declining ever since. The cause is obvious,

and it can neither be blinked nor surmounted. Pantomimes are for children. Education is much more general, and much more quick in its operation, than it used to be; and those who used to be boys and girls, are now little men and women. It is necessary, however, that those who elect to remain children, should have a report of the pantomimes as they are; and this in due time they shall have, though we cannot mention them all to-day. The one at present

under consideration, is understood to have been written by Mr. Peake. And there is a quaintness, a humour, and a wit, about some of the ideas, which make us readily believe it. Indeed, we think that a sufficient number of scenes might be culled from it, to form a very amusing pantomime of a moderate length; but they are interlarded with others of an inferior sort, and the whole thing is spun out so as to become tedious. We recommend curtailment, and the loss will turn out to be a gain. The second scene, The Great Globe itself,' is clever

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and amusing, and Miss Mary Ann Marsall

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ADVERTISEMENTS

NIVERSITY of LONDON.-The Classes

makes a nice little Britannia; the third, 'Lonon, festivities adjourned from the preceding day, in the FACULTY of ARTS recommence on Wednesday,

from Greenwich Hill,' by Stanfield, is an achirable painting; the fifth, New HungerfordFish Market,' and the fight which takes place pere, make together a pleasant bit of nonsense enough. The sixth, Archery Meeting, Beau Bell Park,' is dull; the seventh, the Solar Microcopic Exhibition,' is a good idea not made the most of; the tenth, Interior of a Kamschatka Hut,' has a good deal of fun in it, though the idea is not particularly new; the little Flying Dutchman in the eleventh, is capital; the thrteenth, "The Catacomb,' is well done-but joking with dead bodies is dull fun—if it be fun atall. The evolutions of the posture-master, here introduced, are extraordinary, but distressing to witness. The election scene (fifteenth) has a good deal of amusement in it, and Harlequin at the head of the Poll, is excellent. Scene sixteen, The Diorama,' is most magnificently painted by Stanfield-it comprises several views near and at the Falls of Niagara; Nos. 1, 2 and 3,' are very beautiful; but No. 4, The Horse Shoe Fall,' is by far the most effective and the truest to nature. We have a right to

give an opinion on the subject, because the spot is familiar to us, and we have seen the Falls under various aspects, and at all seasons of the year. No. 5, The Great American or Apron Fall,' was not to us so effective; to be sure, No. 4 has the advantage of being exhibited by moonlight. After this, the pantomime is more or less dull to the end, and the sooner this is come to, the better for its future success.

COVENT GARDEN.

WE have to apologize to Covent Garden this week. We saw but the last two or three scenes of the Pantomime, and it would therefore be unjust to pretend to give an account of it. The general reports of it in the newspapers are good, and we shall be happy to add our testimony in its favour next week, if inspection will bear us out in so doing. We just caught a glimpse of the person who is employed to represent Mr. Yates, and the imitation of person, for we did not hear him speak, is so curious, that for a moment, we were obliged to doubt whether Yates had not been engaged "at a vast expense" to act himself.

OLYMPIC THEATRE.

A new burlesque burletta upon the plan of Olympic Revels' and Ditto Devils,' called, "The Paphian Bower; or, Venus and Adonis,' is the Christmas Offering at Madame Vestris's Theatre. It had, like its two predecessors, the good fortune to be completly successful. It is written by Mr. Planché and Mr. Charles Dance.

MISCELLANEA

Diorama at the Pantechnicon.-A diorama of the Falls of Niagara,' painted by a Mr. Sintzenich, from sketches taken on the spot, has this week been opened at the Pantechnicon, near Belgrave Square. We confess that we were startled on hearing of the attempt-we could not conceive how a few feet of motionless canvas could, by the hand of art, be made to represent, or even to convey an idea of a scene which is sublime from the very life and energy of nature, and strikes with awe and astonishment beyond all others, from the tremendous power which is made visibly and audibly present by the rush, and whirl, and thunder of a mighty torrent of uncontrollable waters. We regret to add, that the justice of our opinion has been proved. We cannot congratulate the painter on his success. It is a "picture in little" on a large scale-but a picture after all, and not very effectively painted.

Theatricals Extraordinary.-The 25th of November, the anniversary of the day on which the British evacuated New York, is still cele

brated in that city. On Monday the 26th, the produced more than ordinary excitement. So many persons attended the Bowery Theatre in the evening, that more than three hundred men, women and children were accommodated on the stage. The play was 'Richard III.' which under these circumstances, became anything and everything but a tragedy. In the scene with Lady Anne, some spectators in the gallery threw pennies upon the stage, which the children scrambled for under the legs of the actors. The ghosts in the tent scene were mixed with the living crowd, and at the battle of Bosworth, a ring was formed round Richmond and Richard to see "fair play." In the afterpiece, where a supper was spread, the spectators leisurely helped themselves to the viands. It was, indeed, a rare treat to the audience and the manager.

Honours in America to the Memory of Sir Walter Scott.-The Ontario Freeman contains an address delivered at Canandaigua, New York, by J. S. Clinton, Esq., on the character and writings of the late Sir W. Scott. The spot chosen for the delivery of the address, was "The Waverley Rock," on the estate of the Hon. John

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Gregg, where banners were displayed of the Eng. NATIONAL GALLERY of PRACTICAL

The

lish, Scotch, Irish, and American arms. bells of the village at noon struck the age of the deceased, and a brass plate has been fixed to the rock, engraved with the names of British and American writers.

WORKS of ART, ADELAIDE-STREET, near St. Martin's Church, WEST STRAND. Open daily from 10 till dusk.-Admission, 1s. Catalogue, 1s.

NOW EXHIBITING.

PERKINS' newly-discovered System of generating Steam, exemplified by a STEAM GUN, discharging, with one-fourth greater power than that of Gunpowder, a Volley of Seventy Balls, Steam-boat Models upon water, propelled by the paddle-wheel in common use, aud by that of Perkins' late invention. Holdsworth's newly-invented Revolving Rudder.

Zinc Milk-pails.-Among the patents recently against a Target, in four seconds, hourly during the day. taken out in America, one is for a process for extracting cream from milk by the use of zinc. It is said, that if zinc be put into the milk-pan, or the milk be put into a vessel made of that substance, the same quantity of milk will yield a greater quantity of cream or butter.-Times.

An Apparatus by Perkins, showing a brilliant combustion of the hardest steel, effected by its being brought in contact with a soft iron plate, revolving with an intense rapidity.

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NOVELTIES IN LITERATURE AND ART. In the press, and will shortly be published, The Archer's Guide, &c. By an Old Toxophilite. The Juror's Guide, by a Barrister.

Early in January, An Historical and Descriptive Account of the Coast of Sussex, by J. D. Parry, M.A. A History of Croydon, by Steinman Steinman, Esq. Hampden in the Nineteenth Century, or, Colloquies on the Errors and Improvement of Society.

Just published.- Wacousta; or, the Prophecy, 3 vols. 17. 8s. 6d.-Hooper's Physician's Vade Mecum,

Specimens of Perkins' System of Printing with hardened Steel Plates and Rollers, and of the transfer of Engravings on Steel. A Magnet, by Saxton, capable of igniting gunpowder. Unrivalled Collections of Antediluvian Fossil Organic Remains, and Minerals, highly interesting to the antiquarian and the geologist.

An Apparatus, by Perkins, compressing, with a power of 30,000 pounds to the square inch, aëriform fluids, liquids, or solids. Exhibited every day at 2 and 4 o'clock.

Exemplification of Watson's Plan for preventing Ships foundering at Sea.

Sectional and Working Models of Steam Engines.

Model of the proposed London and Birmingham Railway. Models of new Framing of Ships, various improved Anchors, Rudders, Gun Carriages, Top-mast Fid, Cat-head Stopper, Liferafts, Life-preservers, and numerous other apparatus.

A Mouse in a Diving-Bell, immersed in water-illustrating the principle and application of the Bell.

A Selection of valuable Paintings by the Old Masters, among which will be found some splendid productions of Murillo. The Royal Seraphine and Harmonica, new Musical Instru ments; performed on at intervals.

Numerous other Models and Objects of interest and amusement are now exhibited, and additions to the Gallery are made daily. WORKS BY THE AUTHOR OF ZOHRAB THE HOSTAGE." New edition, 3 vols. fc. 8vo, 21.

ADVENTURES of HAJJI BABA.

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15. 6d. Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine, Vol. 5, THE GEOLOGY: being an Attempt to explain the former

royal 8vo. 1. 15s.-Gospel Stories, 18mo. 3s. 6d.Garry Owen, &c. 18mo. 2s. 6d.-History of the late War, 18mo. 2s. 6d.-Derry, a Tale of the Revolution, by Charlotte Elizabeth, 6s.-The Portfolio, 5s. 6d.-Architectural Beauties of Continental Europe, No. II. 18s. -Edgeworth Novels, Vol. 9, 5s.- Burnett's Lives, Characters, &c. 8vo. 10s. 6d.-Memorials of Sir William Penn, Knt., 2 vols. 8vo. 17. 16s.-Character of a Trimmer, 8vo. 5s.-Valpy's Classical Library, No. 37, 4s. 6d. -Valpy's Shakspeare, with Illustrations, Vol. 3, 55.America and the Americans, by a Citizen of the World, 8vo. 12s.-Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia, Vol. 38, 6s.-The Life of Dr. Adam Clarke, 95.-Maund's Botanic Garden, Vol. 4, and Part 8; large vols., 17. 175., small, 17. 5s.; large parts, 19s., small, 13s.

TO CORRESPONDENTS The Title-page and Index for the volume now brought to a close, will be given next week on an extra half

sheet, attached to the first number for the new year,

from which it may be cut off without difficulty. Many disappointments, formerly, arose from their being separate; in some instances, the extra half-sheets given

were not delivered to the subscribers, and weeks and months after, as appears from our replies to correspondents, we received letters of remonstrance on the subject-although we have nothing whatever to do with supplying the Paper, beyond delivering copies to the news-agents and booksellers, by whom they are furnished to the public.

Thanks to P. E. M.—•—N, M.—Tertius.

Changes in the Earth's Surface, by reference to Causes now in Operation.

By CHARLES LYELL, F.R.S. Professor of Geology in the King's College, and Foreign Secretary of the Geological Society. Vol. I. 2nd edition, price 15s. is just published. Vol. III. is in the press, and will be published shortly. John Murray, Albemarle-street.

Just published, in demy 8vo. price 10s. 6d. boards, ARRATIVE of the ASHANTEE WAR, 1823-31; with a View of the present State of the Colony of SIERRA LEONE.

NA

By Major RICKETTS,

Late of the Royal African Colonial Corps. London: W. Simpkin and R. Marshall, Stationers'-hall-court. This day is published, in 3 vols. post 8vo.

THE SECOND SERIES of TRAITS and

STORIES of the IRISH PEASANTRY. By the Author of the First Series.

"It possesses all the merits by which the former volumes were distinguished, and is sullied by none of their defects....The work before us contains more information respecting the character, habits, and feelings of the Irish peasantry, than any that has for a long time come before the British public."-Atheneum, No. 266. Dublin: W. F. Wakeman. London: Simpkin and Marshall; and R. Groombridge.

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