LESSON CLX. FARM-ING OP-ER-A-TIONS. (Continued.) A MAN who wish-es to cul-ti-vate a farm must be in-tel-li-gent as well as in-dus-tri-ous. He must not be sat-is-fi-ed with work-ing on-ly. He must think and ob-serve, or a great por-tion of his la-bour will be thrown a-way and lost. The farm-er must have a cer-tain a-mount of mo-ney be-fore he can be-gin his op-er-a-tions; but here a-gain judg-ment is re-quir-ed, for with a fix-ed a-mount of mo-ney, which he spends care-ful-ly and with heed, a clev-er farm-er will do more good than a heed-less man will with doub-le the sum, which he will squan-der in an un-prof-it-a-ble way. One of the things to which the farm-er must pay great at-ten-tion is the qual-i-ty and con-di-tion of the land or soil that is to be cul-tiva-ted. You all know that dif-fer-ent kinds of earth will not grow the same plants. Some earths are poor-er than oth-ers, and some are so poor that scarce-ly an-y-thing can grow up-on them. Thus, if you were go-ing to sow seeds in your gar-dens, you would not strew them on the gra-vel path, for you would know that they could not come up there. LESSON CLXI. FARM-ING OP-ER-A-TIONS. (Continued.) HE corn plants, like all oth-ers, live by suck ing up nour-ish-ment from the soil on which they grow. In do-ing this they draw cer-tain juic-es out of the ground. The ground, de-priv-ed of these juic-es, which have been suck-ed up or ab-sorb-ed by the corn, be-comes poor, and will soon cease to yield an-y sup-ply, if it is not en-rich-ed. The juic-es of which the corn has depriv-ed the soil must be re-stor-ed to it. The farm-er knows this, and ren-ders his fields fer-tile by lay-ing them ma-nure of va-ri-ous kinds. The ref-use of Un-profit-a-ble, Cul'ti-va-ted, Nour'ish-ment, Juices. an-i-mals, the sweep-ings of the sta-ble, rape-dust, gua-no, sea-weed, and va-ri-ous oth-er sub-stan-ces will form good ma-nure. Dif-fer-ent crops re-quire dif-fer-ent juic-es to make them grow. The farm-er, there-fore, sel-dom sows the same kind of crop in the same field two years run-ning. A field that has yield-ed a good crop of tur-nips two years a-go may have been sown with bar-ley last year. The bar-ley will have ex-haust-ed the soil to some de-gree. Clo-ver will therefore be grown this year in-stead of bar-ley, and by next year the field will be read-y to bear a good and suf-fi-cient sup-ply of wheat. This sow-ing of va-ri-ous pro-duc-tions one after the oth-er is call-ed the ro-ta-tion of crops. LESSON CLXII. FARM-ING OP-ER-A-TIONS. (Concluded.) IN these les-sons you have read a-bout the chief farm-ing op-er-ations; but there are a great ma-ny oth-er things to which the farm-er has to at-tend, be-sides mind-ing his corn, his sheep, and his cat-tle. The dai-ry and the poul-try yard form a branch of al-most ev-er-y farm, and in some cas-es a ver-y im-por-tant one. Im-mense quanti-ties of but-ter and cheese are made in va-ri-ous parts of Eng-land, and the rear-ing of poul-try is car-ried on al-most ev-er-y-where. In an-oth-er les-son I shall have some-thing to say a-bout poul-try. Through-out all sea-sons of the year the farm-er must nev-er leave off watch-ing and at-tend-ing to his farm, and in-struct-ing the la-bourers em-ploy-ed upon it. There is al-ways some new im-prove-ment to make, or some build-ing or fence or im-ple-ment to mend. In farm-ing op-er-a-tions, as in ev-er-y oth-er em-ploy-ment, the mot-to should be "Nev-er be i-dle." Ex-haust'ed, Pro-due'tions, Ro-ta'tion, Im-pröve'ment. LESSON CLXIII. PRO-VERBS FROM THE BI-BLE. 1. A SOFT an-swer turn-eth a-way wrath, but griev-ous words stir up an-ger. 2. The way of the wick-ed is an a-bom-in-a-tion un-to the Lord, but He lov-eth him that fol-low-eth aft-er right-eous-ness. 3. A scorn-er lov-eth not one that re-prov-eth him, nei-ther will he go un-to the wise. 4. Bet-ter is a lit-tle with right-eous-ness, than great rev-e-nues with-out right. 5. A wise son hear-eth his fa-ther's in-struc-tion, but a scorn-er hear-eth not re-buke. 6. He that des-pis-eth his neigh-bour sin-neth, but he that hath mer-cy on the poor hap-py is he. 7. He that hath pit-y up-on the poor lend-eth un-to the Lord, and that which he hath giv-en will he pay him a-gain. 8. The hand of the dil-i-gent shall bear rule, but the sloth-ful shall be un-der trib-ute. LESSON CLXIV. PRO-VERBS FROM THE BI-BLE. way. 9. EN-VY thou not the op-press-or, and choose none of his 10. Strive not with a man with-out cause, if he have done thee no harm. 11. When pride com-eth then com-eth shame, but with the low-ly is wis-dom. 12. He that trust-eth in his rich-es shall fall, but the right-eous shall flour-ish as a branch. 13. As right-eous-ness tend-eth to life, so he that pur-su-eth e-vil pur-su-eth it to his own death. 14. He that is soon an-gry deal-eth fool-ish-ly, and a man of wick-ed de-vi-ces is ha-ted. 15. When a man's ways please the Lord, he mak-eth e-ven his en-e-mies to be at peace with him. 16. He that hath a fro-ward heart find-eth no good, and he that hath a per-verse tongue fall-eth in-to mischief. A-bom-in-a'tion, Right'eous-ness (pron. ri-chus-ness), Trib'ute. LESSON CLXV. DOGS THAT DRAW CARTS AND SLEDG-ES. IN ma-ny parts of the world dogs are used to draw car-riag-es. In Ger-man-y the coun-try peo-ple, who bring milk and but-ter and eggs and poul-try in-to the cit-ies for sale, pack their goods in neat lit-tle wag-ons. To these wag-ons large strong dogs are harness-ed, and these dogs pull their load a-long the high-way for a long dis-tance, at a very good pace. E-ven coals are some-times car-ried in-to the Ger-man towns in this man-ner, to be sold to poor peo-ple who on-ly buy a small quan-ti-ty at a time. The Es-qui-maux, a race of peo-ple who in-hab-it the cold-est part of the world, near the north pole, trav-el a-cross their i-cy coun-try in sledg-es, drawn by a num-ber of dogs. These dogs are ver-y hard-y and fleet. They will al-so go a long time with-out food. The dog is the most val-u-a-ble pos-ses-sion of the Es-qui-maux, who could not get on with-out him. . Carriage (pron. kar'ridje), Val'u-a-ble, Pos-ses'sion. LESSON CLXVI. THE MAS-TER OF THE HOUSE AND THE CATS. THE mas-ter of a large house had oft-en been an-noy-ed by the gambols of a num-ber of cats, which used to get in-to his house by night. He de-ter-min-ed to get rid of the an-noy-ance in some way or oth-er, but took no pre-cau-tions a-gainst the en-trance of the cats. One night he was a-wak-en-ed by a great noise, and heard the cats rac-ing a-bout in his draw-ing-room. They had got in from the lawn through a win-dow which had been left o-pen by ac-ci-dent. The mas-ter of the house was in a great rage at this in-tru-sion. Arm-ing him-self with a thick oak-en cud-gel, he dash-ed in-to the draw-ing-room, and laid a-bout him right and left. But he did more harm than good. A blow of his stick smash-ed the val-u-a-ble mirror o-ver the fire-place. He him-self stum-bled and fell o-ver a chair in the dark, break-ing three of his teeth in his tum-ble; while the cats scam-per-ed a-way dur-ing the con-fu-sion, leaving him to re-flect on the ef-fects of head-long pas-sion. LESSON CLXVII. NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, AND WEST. THE terms North, South, East, and West are used to show the direc-tion in which va-ri-ous plac-es stand. France is to the south of Eng-land. Nor-way is a coun-try in the north of Eu-rope. The sun ris-es in the east, and sets in the west, which is the point di-rect-ly op-po-site to the east. If I stand in the morn-ing with my right hand to-wards the di-rec-tion in which the sun ris-es, the east, my left hand will be to-wards the op-po-site point, the west. My face will then be turn-ed to the north, and my back to the south. If you take a map of an-y coun-try, or a map of the whole world, you will find the north at the top of the map, the south at the bot-tom, the east at the right hand side, and the west at the left. In our half of the world, the coun-tries sit-u-a-ted towards the north are cold-er than those which lie to the south. An-noy'ance, Pre-eau'tions, Єud'gel, Sit'u-ā-ted. |