صور الصفحة
PDF
النشر الإلكتروني
[graphic][merged small][merged small]

HERE is a pic-ture well worth look-ing at, and one the mean-ing of which you will not un-der-stand at the first glance. A la-dy is holding up a bee-hive. This bee-hive she shakes, and out of it falls a num-ber of piec-es of mon-ey. For the pos-ses-sion of this mon-ey peo-ple from all parts of the world are strug-gling. The Eng-lish

In'dus-try, Wealth, Un-der-stand', Beehive, People.

man, the French-man, the A-mer-i-can, the Red In-dian, the Ger-man, are all dis-tin-guish-ed in the pic-ture from each oth-er by their dif-fer-ent cos-tumes. But they are all hold-ing out their hands with e-qual ea-ger-ness to se-cure mon-ey or wealth. A Chi-na-man, a Moor, and a Turk are on their knees on the ground, pick-ing up, and in the back-ground a ne-gro and two oth-er men are has-ten-ing up to have a share in the spoil. At each side of the pic-ture shields are hung up, and on them are drawn a corn-sheaf, a sic-kle, a plough, pens, a ham-mer and chis-el, an an-vil, a still, com-pass-es and rule, a steam en-gine, paint-ing brush-es and a pal-ette, and a ship in full sail. Now we have seen what the picture con-tains, I will try to ex-plain its mean-ing.

LESSON CXCI.

IN-DUS-TRY AND WEALTH.
(Continued.)

THE la-dy with the bee-hive represents Good Luck, or For-tune, show-er-ing wealth up-on man-kind. The wealth comes from a bee-hive, to show that mon-ey is best ac-quir-ed by in-dus-try. The bees, you know, are the most in-dus-tri-ous of in-sects. The dif-ferent na-tions press-ing round so ea-ger-ly and hold-ing up their hands for the mon-ey are in-tend-ed to show that all men are anx-ious to ac-quire wealth by some means or oth-er. The cornsheaf, the ship, and the steam en-gine are rep-re-sent-ed as be-ing made by in-dus-try. The plough, the sic-kle, the ham-mer and chis-el, and oth-er tools are the in-stru-ments by which these produc-tions of in-dus-try are made. The pen, the com-pass-es and rule, and the paint-ing brush-es are not for-got-ten, for with them the plans are drawn from which the ship, the steam en-gine, or the house is to be built. The pic-ture is to teach you that wealth is best ob-tain-ed by in-dus-try, and that with in-dus-try ed-u-ca-tion should be com-bin-ed.

French'man, Möor, Turk, Luck, Fortune.

[graphic][merged small][merged small][merged small]

THE peas-ants in Rus-sia are not free, as the in-hab-i-tants of England are. They are call-ed serfs, or slaves, and are bought and sold with the es-tates on which they live, and can be trans-fer-red from one mas-ter to an-oth-er, with-out hav-ing an-y will of their own in the mat-ter. They are com-pel-led to work for their mas-ters dur-ing one half of the week; and e-ven if a serf, by his in-dus-try dur-ing the time which re-mains at his dis-pos-al, should save mon-ey, he is nev-er sure that his lord will not take it from him. He is con-sider-ed only as a piece of prop-er-ty, just as a horse or an ox would be; and e-ven if he wants to com-plain of his lord, there is no court

Rus'sian (pron. Rush'yan), Serfs, Prop'er-ty, Com'plain.

which would listen to his com-plaint. Be-sides his three days' la-bour, the serf has to pay a heav-y tax to his lord, and oth-er taxes to the gov-ern-ment. He is al-so li-a-ble to be com-pel-led to serve as a sol-dier; and if a serf is re-frac-to-ry, he is fre-quent-ly sent in-to the ar-my by his mas-ter, as a pun-ish-ment. Ser-vi-tude in the Rus-sian ar-my is very much dread-ed by the serfs, who will un-der-go al-most an-y-thing ra-ther than be forc-ed to car-ry the mus-ket.

LESSON CXCIII.

THE RUS-SIAN SERF.
(Continued.)

It oft-en hap-pens that the own-er of a large es-tate does not re-side on it him-self. In this case the un-for-tu-nate peas-ants are oft-en in a worse plight than they would be if their mas-ter were a-mong them. A stew-ard is ap-point-ed to col-lect the mon-ey the serfs have to pay, and to see that they per-form their tasks. These stewards oft-en op-press the poor serfs ter-ri-bly, and a-dopt the most cru-el means in or-der to get as much work from the peas-ants as pos-si-ble. When we think of the poor Rus-sian serf, and his unhap-py con-di-tion, how thank-ful we should be that we are liv-ing in a coun-try where the poor-est man has a right to la-bour for himself, and where the law will pro-tect the poor and the rich a-like. In Eng-land, no man, how-ev-er great and pow-er-ful he may be, can op-press his poor-er neigh-bour with-out be-ing li-a-ble to punish-ment. In Rus-sia, a great dis-tinc-tion is made be-tween the free-men and the serfs. Are you not glad that you are Eng-lish chil-dren?

The coun-try in-hab-it-ed by these serfs is of im-mense ex-tent. It stretch-es through a great part of A-sia, as well as of Eu-rope. But the coun-try does not look at all like En-gland. It is full of drear-y woods of dark fir and pine trees, in which noth-ing is heard but the howl-ing of the hun-gry wolf. There are im-mense swamps and drear-y wastes, where no man dwells; and in the north-ern part the snow is on the ground through-out all the year, and e-ven the riv-ers are froz-en.

Gov'ern-ment,

Steward (pron. stū'ard),

Coun-try.

[graphic][merged small]

THE RUS-SIAN CAKE-SELL-ER.

THERE are a great man-y hawk-ers in Rus-sia, who sell all kinds of things in the in-te-ri-or of the coun-try. These men trav-el with their fam-i-lies from place to place. Some of them go on foot; oth-ers ride in lit-tle wag-ons, just large e-nough to car-ry their stock in trade and a few cook-ing u-ten-sils. In Rus-sia the towns are not so large as in Eng-land; and the dis-tances from place to place are much great-er. Here is an en-grav-ing, re-pre-sent-ing one of these Rus-sian trad-ers. He gets his liv-ing by sell-ing cakes of a ver-y coarse kind. The bread eat-en by the Rus-sian peas-ant is gen-er-al-ly ver-y mould-y and bad. An Eng-lish-man would be

Hawk'ers, Fam'i-lies, U-ten'sils, En-grav'ing, Peasant.

« السابقةمتابعة »