Cap. 28. the tyranny of Athens', was thought worthy of a brazen statue, I cannot say; I suppose it was for his beauty, and because he became illustrious by a victory in the Diaulus at Olympia, and married the daughter of Theagenes, tyrant of Megara. Besides all the other things which I have described, there are two dedications from the tenth of military spoils. One of these is a brazen image of Minerva, made by Pheidias, from (the spoils of) the Medes who landed at Marathon; on the shield of which are sculptures of Lapitha fighting with Centaurs. They say that these, and all the other figures in relief upon the shield, were wrought by Mys, but that Parrhasius, son of Evenor, designed both these and the other works of Mys2. Of this statue the crest of the helmet and the point of the spear may be seen even by those who are sailing onwards from Sunium3. The other 1 1 Tupavrida öμws Bovλevoavra. See Herodotus (5, 71) and Thucydides (1, 126). 2 λέγουσι τορεῦσαι Μῦν, τῷ δὲ Μυὶ ταῦτά τε καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν ἔργων Παῤῥάσιον καταγράψαι τὸν Εὐήνορος. * ταύτης τῆς ̓Αθηνᾶς ἡ τοῦ δόρατος αἰχμὴ καὶ ὁ λόφος τοῦ κράνους ἀπὸ Σουνίου προσπλέουσιν ἐστιν ἤδη σύνοπτα. This fact leaves no doubt that the statue was colossal, which is confirmed by Demosthenes; a pillar recording the infamy of Arthmius of Zelia παρὰ τὴν χαλκῆν τὴν μεγάλην ̓Αθηνῶν ἐν δεξίᾳ ἕστηκεν· ἣν ἀριστεῖον ἡ πόλις τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου, δόντων τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ χρήματα ταῦτα, ανέθηκε. De falsa leg. p. 428, Reiske. This image of Minerva was surnamed Promachus. The Scholiast of Demosthenes (c. Androt. p. 597) observes that there were three statues of Minerva in the Acropolis: the ancient one of Minerva Polias made of wood, that of bronze (xaλкoũ μóvov) erected after the victory of Marathon (ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ τοῦτο Προμάχου Αθηνᾶς), and the Παρθένος ̓Αθηνᾶ, which was made of ivory and gold, when the Athenians had become richer after the battle of Salamis. See also Sch. in Demosth. Olynth. 3, p. 35. offering from the tenth of military spoils, is a brazen Cap. 28. chariot, dedicated after the victory of the Athenians over the Boeotians and Chalcidenses of Euboea'. There is likewise a statue of Pericles, son of Xanthippus, and another brazen Minerva, which is the finest of the works of Phidias, and is surnamed Lemnia, as having been dedicated by the people of Lemnus3. The enclosure of the Acropolis, with the exception of that part of it which was built by Cimon, son of Miltiades, is said to have been constructed by the Pelasgi, who dwelt formerly below the Acropolis*. 66 "In descending towards the lower city there is a fountain a little below the Propylæa, near which is a sanctuary of Apollo and Pan in a cave, where Apollo is said to have had connexion with Creusa, daughter of Erechtheus". Not far distant is the 1 καὶ ἅρμα κεῖται χαλκοῦν ἀπὸ Βοιωτῶν δεκάτη καὶ Χαλκιδέων τῶν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ. Herodotus, who has described the battle with the Boeotians (5, 79), remarks that the brazen chariot, dedicated from the spoils, had four horses, and that it stood on the left hand on entering the Acropolis, through the Propylæa, τέ0рIππOV XÁλKEOV, τὸ δὲ ἀριστερῆς χερὸς ἕστηκε πρῶτον ἐσιόντι ἐς τα Προπύλαια τὰ ἐν τῇ ̓Ακροπόλει. 2 See above, p. 151. ἄξιον, ̓Αθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα, 3 τῶν ἔργων τοῦ Φειδίου θέας μάλιστα ἀπὸ τῶν ἀναθέντων καλουμένης Λημνίας. This was probably the Phidiac Minerva, which Pliny describes (34, 8, (19) as tam eximiæ pulchritudinis, ut formæ nomen acceperit; in Greek кaλλíμoppoç. * περιβαλεῖν τὸ λοιπὸν λέγεται τοῦ τείχους Πελασγοὺς οἰκήσαντάς ποτε ὑπὸ τὴν ̓Ακρόπολιν. The remainder of this passage is defective, but seems to indicate that the chiefs of the Pelasgi were named Agrolas and Hyperbius. Pausanias then adds, that all he could learn of the Pelasgi was, that they were Siculi who had migrated to Acarnania. 5 * Καταβᾶσι οὐκ ἐς τὴν κάτω πόλιν, ἄλλα ὅσον ὑπὸ τὰ Προπύλαια, πηγή τε ὕδατός ἐστι, i. e. of Erechtheus the second, according to the genealogy of Cap. 28. Areiopagus', so called because Mars2 was the first person here tried for the murder of Halirrhothius 3. Here is an altar of Minerva Areia, dedicated by Orestes, on escaping punishment for the murder of his mother. Here also are two rude stones, upon one of which the accuser stands, and upon the other the defendant. Near' (this place) is the sanctuary of the goddesses called Semnæ, but whom Hesiod in the Theogonia names Erinnyes. Eschylus was the Apollodorus. Euripides (Ion, 11) says Doïßoç ë(evžev yáμols— Big Kpéovoar, thus endeavouring to save the credit of the future wife of Xuthus. The worship of Apollo in this cavern dated from early time. That of Pan, as appears from Pausanias in this place, from Herodotus (6, 105), and from Lucian (bis accus. 9), was not introduced until after the battle of Marathon, when Phidippides the messenger sent for aid to Sparta, pretended to have met Pan in crossing Mount Parthenium in the Argolis, and to have received from him a promise of assistance in the battle. 1 Καθ ̓ ὃ καὶ ὁ ̓́Αρειος πάγος. Some words are probably wanting. Opposite to, or over-against, seems the most natural description of the position of the Areiopagus, with reference to the grotto. This relative position may be inferred from Lucian, Bis Accus. 9. See below, Sect. II. For the various authorities on the Areiopagus see Meursii Areopagus. 1 *Αρης. 2 3 See above, p. 141, and Demosth. c. Aristocr. p. 641, Reiske. * τοὺς δὲ ἀργοὺς λίθους, ἐφ' ὧν ἑστᾶσιν, ὅσοι δίκας ὑπέχουσι καὶ οἱ διώκοντες, τὸν μὲν ὕβρεως, τὸν δὲ ἀναιδείας αὐτῶν ὀνομάζουσι. The Athenians were said to have erected a temple or altar to Contumelia and Impudentia, after the murder of Cylon, by the advice of Epimenides of Crete (Cicero de Leg. 2, 11. Clem. Alexand. Protrept. 16). Istrus ap. Phot. Lex. in OsÒ§ † Αναίδεια. 5 Πλησίον. * Τὸ μὴ λέγειν δύσφημα πᾶσι τοῖς παλαιοῖς μὲν φροντὶς ἦν, μάλιστα δὲ τοῖς ̓Αθηναίοις· διὸ δὴ τὸ δεσμωτήριον οἴκημα ἐκάλουν, καὶ τὸν δήμιον κοινόν· τὰς δὲ Ἐρίννυας, Εὐμενίδας ἢ Σεμνάς Θεάς. -Helladius ap. Phot. Bibl. p. 1593. See Euripides Orest. 403. Iphig. in Taur. 945, where Orestes first to represent them with snakes in their hair; but Cap. 28. here their statues have nothing ferocious in their aspect', nor have those of the other subterranean deities here represented, namely, Pluto, Hermes, and the Earth. Here persons acquitted in the court of Areiopagus sacrifice, as well as others, both strangers and citizens of Athens. Within the same inclosure is a monument of Edipus 3." Pausanias then proceeds to notice the other SikaoTýpia, or courts of justice at Athens. He mentions the Parabystum, Trigonum, Batrachius, and Phoenicius the first situated in an obscure part of the city; the second, so called from its form; the two last, from their colours. The greatest, and that in which the assemblies were most numerous, was the Heliæa. Those which took cognizance of homicide, besides the Areiopagus, were the Palladium, where Demophon, king of Athens, was tried on his return from the Trojan war for an accidental manslaughter: the Delphinium3, in which those were brought to trial who justified a homicide, as Theseus, for killing Pallas alludes to them as αἱ ἀνώνυμαι θεαί. In the Edipus Coloneus Ἴτ ̓ ὦ γλυκεῖαι παῖδες ἀρχαίου Σκότου. The temple is said to have been founded by Epimenides (Lobon Argius ap. Diogen. Laërt. 1, 112), but it appears from other authorities to have been more ancient. Thucyd. 1, 126. Plutarch. Solon, 12. 1 1 Two of them were works of Scopas: the third was by Calos. Clem. Alex. Protrept. p. 13, Sylb. 2 The Eumenides were supposed to be daughters of the Earth. Hesiod. Theogon. 185. Istrus ap. Sch. Sophoc. Ed. Col. 42, 3 Εστι δὲ καὶ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου μνῆμα Οἰδίποδος. 4 τὸ ἐπὶ Παλλαδίῳ. M 5 τὸ ἐπὶ Δελφινίῳ. and his sons: the Prytaneium', where instruments which had been the cause of death, either by accident or in the hands of unknown murderers, were judged and condemned to be ejected from Attica2: the Phreattys in the Peiræeus, where those guilty of involuntary murders, and for which they had fled from Attica, pleaded their cause from a ship before judges on the adjacent shore. Pausanias closes his description of the city by stating that near the Areiopagus a ship was exhibited, which had been made for the use of the Panathenaic procession *. For Besides the objects which Pausanias has described or named, there are some others, the fame or importance of which were such, that we are surprised to find that he has omitted all notice of them. example, in the midst of the Cerameicus was the Leocorium, or monument of the daughters of Leos, one of the most revered among the ancient monuments of Athens ". The altar of the twelve gods in the Agora was not less celebrated o. 1 τὸ ἐν Πρυτανείῳ. 2 Demost. c. Aristocr. p. 645, Reiske. p. 636. n. 2. 3 Æschin. c. Ctesiph. Pausan. Eliac. post. 11, 2. Compare above, p. 148, For the Courts of Justice at Athens, see Julius Pollux 8, 120, and Meursius in Areopag. 11. 4 * Τοῦ δὲ ̓Αρείου πάγου πλησίον, δείκνυται ναῦς ποιηθεῖσα ἐς τὴν τῶν Παναθηναίων πομπήν. 5 Thucyd. 1, 20. 6, 57. Schol. in 1, 20. Cicero de Nat. Deor. 3, 19. Ælian Var. Hist. 12, 28. Strabo, p. 396. Hegesias, ibid. Demosth. c. Conon. p. 1258, Reiske. Phanodemus ap. Harpocrat. in AE@KÓρELOV. Meurs. Ceram. Gem. 17. The altar was first erected by Peisistratus, son of Hippias, and grandson of the great Peisistratus, when Archon, and who placed on it an |