APPENDIX V.

Page 90.

DESCRIPTION OF ATHENS BY A GREEK OF THE XVTH

CENTURY.

For the following abstract of a manuscript by an anonymous modern Greek in the Imperial Library of Vienna, I am indebted to Professor K. O. Mueller, of Goettingen. The author's allusion to the Duke of Athens, and to the Parthenon as a church of the Panaghía, shows that he wrote before the Turkish conquest, but as Mr. Mueller thinks, judging from the manuscript, not before the fifteenth century.

Bibliothecæ Cæsarea Vindobonensis Cod. Theolog. Græcus cclii. p. 29. hanc continet Athenarum descriptionem ex medio avo.

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Πρώτη ἡ ̓Ακαδημία ἐν χωρίῳ τῶν βασιλικῶν· δευτέρα ἡ Ελαιατικὴ εἰς τοὺς ̓Αμπελοκήπους· τρίτον τὸ τοῦ Πλάτωνος διδασκαλεῖον εἰς τὸ Παραδείσιον. τέταρτον τὸ τοῦ Πολυζήλου ἐν ὄρει τῷ ἡμιτίῳ. πέμπτον τὸ τοῦ Διοδώρου πλησίον τούτου. ἐντὸς δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἐστὶ τὸ διδασκαλεῖον τοῦ Σωκράτους, ἐν ᾧ εἰσι κύκλῳ οἱ ἄνδρες καὶ οἱ ἄνεμοι ἱστορισμένοι. κατὰ δύσιν δὲ τούτου ἵστανται τὰ παλάτια τοῦ Θεμιστοκλέους. καὶ πλησίον τούτου εἰσὶν οἱ λαμπροὶ οἶκοι

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1 Eleatica philosophorum secta.

* Pagus Ambelokipi.

3 Hymettium, puto.

Aperte Andronici Cyrrhestæ horologium Socratis dicit scholam.

τοῦ πολεμάρχου. ἵστανται δὲ τὰ ἀγάλματα τοῦ Διὸς ἐγγὺς τούτου. ἄντικρυς δὲ τούτου ἐστὶ βωμὸς, εἰς ὃν ταφῆς ἀξιοῦνται οἱ παγκρατιασταὶ καὶ Ὀλύμπιοι· ἐν ᾧ φοιτῶντες οἱ ρήτορες τοὺς ἐπιταφίους λόγους ἀνεγίνωσκον. κατὰ ἄρκτον δὲ τούτου ὑπῆρχεν ἡ πρώτη ἀγορὰ τῆς πόλεως, εἰς ἣν ὁ ἀπόστολος Φίλιππος τὸν γραμματέα ἐβύθησεν. ἔνθα ὑπῆρχον καὶ οἱ λαμπροὶ οἶκοι φυλῆς τῆς Πανδιονίδος '. κατὰ δὲ τὸ νότιον μέρος ὑπῆρχε διδασκαλεῖον τῶν Κυνικῶν φιλοσόφων καὶ πλησίον τούτου τῶν τραγικῶν.

Deinde dicit scriptor, extra acropolin esse etiam διδασκαλεῖον Sophoclis. Hinc versus meridiem Areopagum. Hine versus orientem palatia Cleonidis et Miltiadis. Prope διδασκαλεῖον Aristotelis.

Ὕπερθε δὲ τούτου, pergit, ἵστανται δύο κίονες· καὶ εἰς μὲν τὸν ἀνατολικὸν ὑπῆρχε τὸ τῆς ̓Αθηνᾶς ἄγαλμα, εἰς δὲ τὸ δυσικὸν τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος· μέσον δὲ τούτου λέγουσιν εἶναί ποτε Γοργόνης κεφαλὴν ἔνδον κουβουκλαίου σιδηροῦ· ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὡρολόγιον τῆς ἡμέρας μαρμαριτικόν ἄντικρυς δὲ τούτου πρὸς μεσημβρίαν ὑπῆρχε διδσακαλεῖον λεγόμενον τοῦ ̓Αριστοφάνους· καὶ ἀνατολικὰ ἀκμὴν ἵσταται ὁ λύχνος τοῦ Δημοσθένους 2.

Prope, deinde scribit, fuisse Thucydidis ædes et Solonis, et alteram ἀγορὰν, et Alemæonis domum, et maximum βαλανεῖον.

Hine, pergit, πρὸς νότον ἡ μεγάλη ἀγορὰ τῆς πόλεως καὶ τεμένη πλεῖστα ἀξιάγαστα ἕως τῆς πύλης νοτίδος· ἧς πρὸς τῆς φλιᾶς ἱστόρηνται ἐννεακαίδεκα ἄνδρες-[Lacuna] τὸν ἕνα ἐδίωκον. ἐκεῖ ὑπῆρχε καὶ τὸ βασιλικόν λουτρὸν, ἐν ᾧ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα διὰ πατάγου φοβῆσαι ἠθέλησαν ἔνθα καὶ ὁ τοῦ Μνησάρχου οἶκος. ἵσταται δὲ κατὰ ἀνατολὰς τούτου καμάρα μεγίστη καὶ ὡραία", εἰσὶ δὲ τὰ ὀνόματα ̓Αδριανοῦ καὶ Θησέως.

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1 Hae opinio fuxisse videtur ex titulo : ἔδοξεν τῇ Πανδιονίδι φυλῇ, Corp. Inscr. Graec. n. 213.

2 Jam tum igitur lucerna Demosthenis dicebatur Lysicratis monu

mentum.

3 Arcus Hadriani.

Deinde narrat de οἴκῳ βασιλικῷ puleris columnis instructo, quem XII. reges ædificasse scribit'. Hinc ad meridiem versus esse οἶκον βασιλικόν, in quo ὁ δοὺξ convivia celebret. Deinde 'Evvɛáкpovvov cum templo Junonis, nunc τ εOTÓKų consecrato. Versus orientem esse Theatrum Athenarum, id habere 1. píλov iv diaσThμati, duosque introitus versus Septentrionem et Meridiem, et centum óvaç circulares. Instructum esse candido marmore. Apud portam orientalem esse aliam ȧyopàv et duo ἀγωγοὺς ὕδατος a Julio Caesare structos. Alium ἀγωγὸν esse versus portam borealem, a Theseo structum.

διδασκαλεῖον

In Acropoli esse parvum Sidaoкaλtiov musicorum. Huic oppositum esse magnum Palatium, candido marmore factum, inauratum, quo Stoici et Epicurei commeaverint. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ ναοῦ (pergit) τῆς Θεομήτορος, ὃν ᾠκοδόμησεν Απολλὼς καὶ Εὐλόγως ἐπ' ὀνόματι ἀγνώστῳ θεῷ, ἔχει οὕτως· Ἐστὶν ναὸς δρομικώτατος καὶ εὐρύχωρος; habet muros candido marmore structos et ferro et plumbo vinctos; et circa eos columnas maximas, quarum capitula εἰς σχῆμα φοίνικος ornata esse ; et supra has trabes candido marmore factas 2.

K. O. MUEller.

The testimony of the Greek is here opposed to that of the Père Babin, who states that the Parthenon under the Christians had been a church of St. Sophia. The Turks bear witness to the same effect, and they have the same tradition as to some mosques at Saloniki and elsewhere, which had been churches before the conquest. In these instances, as well as that of St. Sophia at Constantinople, the Turks have a pride in retaining the name, because it is a memorial of the conquest, and conveys no meaning repugnant to the Mahometan faith. The Greeks on the other hand, as they became more idolatrous, and particularly after the introduction of pictures, preferred the Osoμíτwp. At

1 Olympium templum, puto.

2 Hæc ad Parthenon pert nere, apertum.

Athens it was natural that the church should at first have been dedicated to ǹ 'Ayía Zopía, as Minerva was a personification of the divine Wisdom.

Similar changes were common in the course of the extinction of Paganism. The founder of Constantinople, when he was himself in the state of transition, dedicated to

'Ayia Zopía a Pagan temple, which he repaired, enlarged, and covered with a wooden roof, and which seems previously to have been a Pantheon, as it contained a great number of images of heathen gods and Roman emperors, which had augmented to the number of 427, when Justinian built his new church of St. Sophia on the same spot, and dispersed the statues over the city'.

1 Anon. de Antiq. Constant. ap. Banduri, I. p. 13. Codin. de Orig. Const. p. 8, Paris.

AMONG the oì x0óvioι were Dionysus, Hermes, and Poseidon, who, in his subterraneous capacity, was the Pluto of Latin mythology. At Athens гn, the Earth, the same as the Cybele of Asiatic Greece, was the principal among them, and with her was associated Anunrno Xλón. In the year 1759, a marble was found in the stadium, and transported to Venice, where, until very lately, it formed an article in the Nani collection. A copy of it was published in the Monumenta Peloponnesia of Paciaudi, I. p. 207, and may be found in Millin, Galerie Myth. pl. lxxxi. No. 327. An inscription in characters, apparently not long subsequent to the archonship of Eucleides, occupies the breadth of the Stele between two representations in relief, in the upper of which the figures are on a smaller scale than on the lower, as in a similar tablet cut on the rocks of one of the quarries of Parus, which, as an Ionic island, may be supposed to have resembled Athens in its mythology. See a drawing of the latter in Stuart's Athens, IV. 4. pl. 5. and a description of it in "Travels in Northern Greece," III. p. 91. A third stele of the same kind, found near the Acropolis of Athens, is engraved in the Museum Worsleianum, II. pl. 9. This last had probably been an ảváðŋua in one of the caverns in the rocks of the Acropolis. The subject is here treated more simply than on the two other monuments.