Some of the streets of Athens derived their names from the artizans who practised their trades in them. One of the streets was called ἡ τῶν Ἑρμογλυφείων, the street of the makers of Hermæ1, or heads of marble on a quadrangular stele, which were extremely numerous at Athens; another was ἡ τῶν κιβωτοποιών, or the street of cabinetmakers'. Some of the streets appear to have been named from deities; that of Vesta has already been noticed3: others from the demi and districts, as Colyttus, Tripodes. Sometimes numbers appear to have been employed to distinguish them. J. Pollux mentions ǹrpírη þúμn* or the third street. Among the sanctuaries not noticed by Pausanias, we find the following: A temple of the Hours (rò pāv iɛpòv), in which was an altar of Bacchus "Optos, and another of the Nymphs: a sanctuary of the People and Graces (rò téμevos τοῦ Δημοῦ καὶ τῶν Χαρίτων), in which stood a brazen statue of Hyrcanus, chief priest and ethnarch of the Jews': a temple of Ceres Acheia, or Gephyræea; τὸ ἱερὸν Μηνύτου ΗραKλoç, a temple of Hercules, founded by Sophocles, with the epithet of Menytes; because the god had pointed out to him in a dream the place where was hidden a golden crown, or patera, which had been stolen from one of the sanctuaries of Hercules, and for the recovery of which a talent had been offered by the people'. The Pherrephattium, or sanctuary of Proserpine, was in the Agora, not very distant from the Leocorium". There were also sanctuaries of Diana Λυσίζωνος ", of Venus ψίθυρος, of Cupid, with the 10 Plato, Sympos. 39. Plutarch. de Gen. Socratis, 10. 2 Plutarch. ibid. 3 See above, p. 254, n. 1. 5 Philochor. ap. Athen. 2, 2 (7). J. Poll. 9, 38. 6 Joseph. Antiq. Jud. 14, 8. According to the Athenians there were only two Hours, and two Graces; the former named Thallo and Carpo; the latter named Auxo and Hegemone (Pausan. Boot. 35, 1). Socrates, in his statues of the Graces, in the Propylæa, appears to have adopted the 'ETEORλETOL Xάpires, from Orchomenus, which were three in number. 7 Herodot. 5, 55. Aristoph. Acharn. 709. Hesych. in 'Axaia. Etym. M. in 'Αχεία. 8 Schol. Sophocl. in vitâ. Cicero de Divin. 1, 25. Hesych. in Mŋvúrns. 9 Demosth. c. Conon. p. 1259, Reiske. 10 Schol. in Apollon. Rhod. I, v. 288. same epithet, of Hermes 40vpíorns', and of Hermes Hegemonius, or leader of the blind'. Each tribe had a place of meeting, called the Phratrium, which contained a statue of Jupiter Phratrius, and served to promote a friendly union among the γένη of the φρατρίας. Altars of deities, and heroa or monuments and sanctuaries of ancient Athenian heroes, were found in every part of the city. We find mention made of the following:the altar of Eudanemus, near the Metroum, and the ascent to the Acropolis: the sepulchre of Solon, a little within the city walls, near one of the gates: the temenus of Eacus, in the Agora". There were heroa also of Hesychus, of Ægeus, of Phorbas' (near the street of the Herma), of Stephanephorus, of Calamites, of Socrates 1o, and of Aristomachus, commonly called 'O larpós". The altar and statue of Jupiter Agoræus 12 were probably in the ancient Agora. Of the situation of the altar of Anteros, which was a dedication of the Metoci, or of that of Amphilochus, both named by Pausanias 13, we have no indication. Altars of Jupiter, Hermes, Hercules, and other deities, were to be found at the door of every private house. 12 13 11 10 Near the temple of Theseus was the Horcomosium, so called because the treaty between Theseus and the 1 Demosth. c. Neær. p. 1358. Harpocrat. in 40vpiorns. 2 Schol. Aristoph. Plut. 1160. 3 J. Poll. 1, 24. 3, 52. Arrian de Exp. Alexand. 3, 16. Eudanemus, otherwise Angelus, was a son of Neptune. Hesych. in Evdáveμoç. Pausan. Achaic. 4, 6. 5 Ælian. Var. Hist. 8, 16. • Herodot. 5, 89. Plutarch. Thes. 10. Hesych. in Alaкovrečov. 7 Andocid. de Myster. p. 30. Andron, Hellan. ap. Harpocrat. in PopBavτtiov. Phorbas, king of the Curetes, another son of Neptune, was slain by Erechtheus. 8 Stephanephorus was a son of Hercules. Hellanicus ap. Harpocr., Suid. in v. 9 Demosth. pro Cor. p. 270. Apollon. in vit. Æschin. 10 Those of Ægeus, of Socrates, and of Hesychus, have already been noticed. See p. 143, 175, n. 1. p. 358. 11 Demosth. de f. leg. p. 419. Schol. ibid. Hesych. in 'Iarpóg. Apollon. in vit. Eschin. 12 Eschyl. Eumen. 979. Bekker Anecd. Gr. I. p. 338. Eurip. Heracl. 70. Hesych. in 'Ayopałoç. 13 Attic. 30, 1. 34, 2. Amazones was there sworn to '. The Amazoneium appears to have been in the same quarter; for when the Amazones, proceeding to attack the Acropolis, took post on the Areiopagus, their right, according to the tradition, was at the Pnyx, and their left at the Amazoneium, which still existed in the time of Plutarch 2. We have already seen that Plutarch speaks of a place called Heptachalcum, near the walls between the Peiraic and the Sacred Gates. The Meticheium, or Metiocheium, which received its name from the architect and rhetorician who built it, was one of the Athenian courts of judicature. The Thesmophoreium was a ovoσírov, where the women, called Thesmophoriazusæ, were lodged and boarded, in undergoing a particular discipline previous to their employment in celebrating the rites of the Thesmophora (Ceres and Proserpine). It is uncertain where the apуvρoкoπɛłoν, or mint, was situated; but, in a state so celebrated for its silver coin as Athens, it must have been a building of considerable importance'. The θήσαυρος was a building in which images (ἀγάλματα) and other sacred property were deposited". 1 Plutarch. Thes. 27. 2 Æschyl. Eumen. 689. Plutarch. Thes. 27. Stephan., Suid. in 'Apaloνεῖον. 3. Plutarch. Syll. 14. 4 J. Poll. 8, 121. Hesych. in Mŋríxov Téμevoç. Phot. Lex. in MηTXETOV, Μητίοχος. Bekker Anecd. Gr. I. p. 309, where we ought to read with Photius, ῥήτορος τῶν Οὐ τὰ βέλτιστα συμβουλευσάντων : for this Metiochus was doubtless that colleague of Pericles who meddled with every thing, and of whom a comic poet said, Μητίοχος μὲν στρατηγεῖ, Μητίοχος δὲ τὰς ὁδοὺς, Ap. Plutarch. Polit. Præcept. 15. 5 Hesych. in Пpuravεiov. Meurs. Attic. Lect. 4, 21. 6 Antiphon ap. Harpocrat. in v. 7 From an Athenian inscription (Boeckh, C. Ins. Gr. No. 123), compared with Harpocration and Hesychius (in ̓Αργυροκοπεῖον, Στεφανήφορος), it appears that the heroum of Stephanephorus was in the mint, and perhaps that the mint itself was called the house of Stephanephorus. It would seem also from Hellanicus (ap. Harpocr., Suid. in 27ɛp.), that this was called the Astic Stephanephorus, to distinguish it from some other; and consequently that the mint was in the asty. Several archives (apxɛĩa) have already been noticed'. The Lyceium contained the archives of the Polemarch, or third Archon. The Parasitium was an doxtov, where the parasites, who in the origin held an honourable situation, deposited the first-fruits of the sacred corn3. The ẞápalpov, or opvyμa, was a deep excavation, where those were confined who were condemned to death; whence the expression, ó rì r opúyuari, for the executioner. The 'Ealproic was a place where burthens were deposited. The monument, called "Iπяоν кaì Kópns, was in memory of the cruelty of an Athenian archon, Hippomenes, who had exposed his daughter, Limone, to be torn in pieces by a horse'. Blaute was a place where a shoemaker had dedicated a wooden last (βλαύτη) *. Among the great number of statues which adorned the Agora, we find the names of those of Phocion, Diphilus, Berisades, Satyrus, Gorgippus, Demades, and Chabrias'. The statues of Demades were all destroyed. Chabrias was represented kneeling, with his spear couched, and his shield upon his knees, this being the position in which he ordered his phalanx to throw themselves, when, by this new and unexpected movement, they prevented a charge of Lacedæmonians under Agesilaus, near Thebes 1o. As every tribe, φρατρία, γένος, ἔρανος, and family, had its protecting deity, to whom statues and altars were raised, we may imagine the immense number of them there must 1 See above, p. 114, n. 1. p. 243. 2 Hesych. in Επιλύκιον. 10 4 Harpocr., Stephan., Hesych., Suid. in Bápa@pov. Harpocr. in "Opvyμa. According to the Scholiast of Aristophanes (Plut. 431), it was a deep pit, with hooks on the sides. The messengers sent to Athens by Darius are said to have been thrown into the barathrum to seek for the earth and water, which they demanded as a token of submission. 5 J. Poll. 8, 71. Dinarch. c. Demosth. p. 46, Reiske. Lycurg. c. Leocrat. p. 221. Etymol. Mag. in 'Elaipeσis. 7 Heraclid. de Polit. 1. Suid. in Ιππομένης, Πάριππον. 8 J. Poll. 7, 22. Hesych. in v. 10 Corn. Nep. Chabr. 1. 9 See Meursius Ceram. Gem. 16. have been at Athens. Each had an epithet derived from the name of the family, or from some peculiarity attached to the worship. For some of these appellations see Meursius Athenæ Atticæ, 1. 2, c. 13, 14. After the time of Alexander, statues, raised by the vote of the people, became so common, that the Agora was filled with them. Meursius, in his Ceramicus Geminus (p. 16), has collected the names of many, and the evidence upon which they rest. Dinarchus and Plutarch show the great number of brazen statues which were often erected to the favourite of the day, and the facility with which they were thrown down and melted, when popularity changed its object'. Among the places in and near Athens, of which the names are known, but the situation is uncertain, may be mentioned the ἀγέλαστος πέτρα 3 : the hill Σικελία, described by Suidas as a three-legged hill (Tpokedǹs λópos)3: Trigla, a place where stood a statue of Hecate Triglathena, to whom the red mullet (ή τρίγλα) was offered in sacrifice, διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος οἰκειότητα, τρίμορφος γὰρ ἡ θεός *: Cycloborus, a torrent, which occasionally rushed down with a great noise 3. Demosthenes asserts, in the third Olynthiac, that some of the dwellings of Athens surpassed the buildings of Pericles in magnificence, which, although it may be an orato 1 Dinarch. c. Demosth. p. 33, Reiske. Plutarch. Polit. Præcept. 27. 2 ̓Αγέλαστος : ὁ μὴ πρὸς γέλωτα ἐπιτήδειος καὶ ὁ στυγνός. ἔστι δὲ καὶ πéтρа'A0ývyoɩ ovтw λeyoμévŋ. Bekker Anecd. Gr. I. p. 337. It was so called, according to Hesychius (in v.), because Ceres sat upon it, when in search of her daughter. 3 Possibly the lower or western rock of Lycabettus; for this hill being near the walls, and commanding a part of the northern side of the city, explains, by its position, the Dodonæan oracle, which recommended to the Athenians to occupy Sicilia. Pausanias mentions this among some other fatal examples of oracular ambiguity. ̓Αθηναίοις δὲ μάντευμα ἦλθεν ἐκ Δωδώνης Σικελίαν οἰκίζειν· ἡ δὲ οὐ πόῤῥω τῆς πόλεως ἡ Σικελία λόφος ἐστὶν οὐ μéyaç. Pausan. Arcad. 11, 6. * Athen. 7, 21 (126). Eustath. in II. Y. 71. 5 Schol. Aristoph. Eq. 137. Acharn. 381. Plutarch. Polit. Præcept. 9. 6 p. 36, Reiske. |