the course of a few weeks died at St. Anne's, Leeds. J. Coppinger. Removed from Hull to supply the vacancies caused by the above deaths, and very shortly after his removal died at St. Anne's, Leeds. Durham. Joseph Dugdale, resident priest of St. Northumberland. James Standen, senior resident priest of St. Right Rev. Dr. Riddell, Vicar Apostolic of the tion of the sick in person. He very soon caught the fever and died at Newcastle. Staffordshire. Rev. James Kennedy, resident priest at Newcastle-under-Lyne. Gloucestershire. P. Hartley, resident priest of St. Peter's, Wales. Edward Mulcahy, resident priest of St. M. Carroll, resident priest at Merthyr Tydvil, South Wales. Scotland. Richard Sinnott, Stranraer, Greenock. The pestilence, which all the precautions practicable on land could not overcome, broke out, as was to be expected, with increased virulence on board the emigrant ships. A new law was passed at Boston in Massachusetts, empowering the local authorities to demand a bond of 1000 dollars from the masters of emigrant ships for each passenger apparently indigent, that he should not become chargeable to the State or to the city for ten years, the effect of which was to divert the stream of emigration to a greater `extent than usual to Canada and New. Brunswick. The deaths on the voyage to Canada increased from 5 in every 1000 persons embarked, to about 60, or to twelve times their previous rate; and so many more arrived sick, that the proportion of deaths in quarantine to the numbers embarked, increased from 1 to about 40 in the 1000, besides still larger numbers who died at Quebec, Montreal, and elsewhere in the inte 1 rior*. A Medical Board was appointed; large supplies of provisions were dispatched to the quarantine station; tents sufficient for the reception of 10,000 persons were issued from the Ordnance stores, and the labours of the Commissariat in this war • The details of the frightful mortality connected with the great emigration of 1847 from Ireland to Canada, are as follows: Whole number of British emigrants embarked 89,738 showing a mortality of rather more than 17 per cent. on the number embarked. One-third of those who arrived in Canada were received into hospital. The people of Canada deserve great praise for the spirited and benevolent exertions made by them to meet the exigencies of this disastrous emigration, which is described as having "left traces of death and misery along its course, from the Quarantine Establishment at Grosse Isle to the most distant parts of Upper Canada, cutting down in its progress numbers of estimable citizens." Besides the larger hospital establishments, twenty-four Boards of Health were formed in Upper Canada. Numerous deaths also took place among the emigrants to New Brunswick. The ships containing the German emigrants, and two ships fitted out by the Duke of Sutherland from Sutherlandshire, arrived in Canada in a perfectly healthy state. against famine and pestilence, were carried on at the same time on both sides of the Atlantic; but the utmost exertions and the most liberal expenditure could not prevent a fearful amount of suffering amongst the emigrants, and a painful spread of disease to the resident population. We are well aware that among men of talents and of benevolent dispositions, there is a wide difference on the important question of emigration; and in what follows on this subject, we wish to be understood, not as committing ourselves to particular opinions, but merely as making a statement, in pursuance of the historical character of this review, of what we believe to have been the views which guided the resolutions of the Government. There is no subject of which a merely one-sided view is more commonly taken than that of Emigration. The evils arising from the crowded state of the population, and the facility with which large numbers of persons may be transferred to other countries, are naturally uppermost in the minds of landlords and ratepayers; but Her Majesty's Government, to which the well-being of the British population in every L quarter of the globe is confided, must have an equal regard to the interests of the emigrant and of the colonial community of which he may become a member. It is a great mistake to suppose that even Canada and the United States have an unlimited capacity of absorbing a new population. The labour market in the settled districts is always so nearly full, that a small addition to the persons in search of employment makes a sensible difference; while the clearing of new land requires the possession of resources*, and a power of sustained exertion not ordinarily belonging to the newly-arrived Irish emigrant. In this, as well as in the other operations by which society is formed or sustained, there is a natural process which cannot with impunity be departed from. A movement is continually going on towards the backwoods on the part of the young and enterprising por-tion of the settled population, and of such of the former emigrants as have acquired *Settlers in the backwoods must have the means of support from twelve to fifteen months after their arrival, and this cannot be accomplished for less than 60%., at the lowest estimate, for each family consisting of a man, his wife, and three children, or equal to 3 adults on an average. |