APPARENT-APPEAL.

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panions are agreeable if they are civil and well-natured. There is with him no occasion for superfluity at meals, for jollity in company—in a word, for anything extraordinary to administer delight to him. In all places he meets with more wit, more good cheer, and more good humour, than is necessary to make him enjoy himself with pleasure and satisfaction.-ADDISON.

Apparent.

Once, visible, manifest: now, rather

in the uncertain sense of 'seeming.'

It is apparent foul play; and 'tis shame

That greatness should so grossly offer it.

SHAKSPEARE, King John, iv. 2.

Arrest him, officer;

I would not spare my brother in this case,
If he should scorn me so apparently.

Id., Comedy of Errors, iv. 1.

Love was not in their looks either to God

Or to each other, but apparent guilt

And shame, and perturbation, and despair.-MILTON.

The history of what we are in the habit of calling the state of trade is an instructive lesson. We find it subject to various conditions which are periodically returning. It revolves apparently in an established circle. First we find it in a state of quiescence, next improvement-growing confidence-prosperity --excitement-over-trading-convulsion-pressure-stagnation -distress-ending again in quiescence.--Lord OVERSTONE.

Appeal. To accuse; to refer to for evidence or judgment.

That if a Frenchman do appeal an Englishman of perjury or murder, the Frenchman may defend himself by battaile which was then termed in English ernest,' a word that we keep yet, saying when we see a man fight, he is in ernest.-LAMBARD.

He 'gan that lady strongly to appeal

Of many heinous crimes by her enured.-SPENSER. No removal of paupers should ever take place without due notice to the parish to which the pauper is to be removed, nor

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APPREHENSIONS-APPROPRIATE.

till the time in which it may be appealed against is passed by.

SYDNEY SMITH.

Apprehensions.
Apprehensive.

}

Formerly, sentiments or feelings now, only in connection

with fear.

Your late letter affected me with two contrary passions: the beginning of it dilated my spirits with apprehensions of joy.— J. HOWELL.

And since I know your Lordship to be so constant and regular in your devotions, and so tender in the matter of justice, so ready in the expressions of charity, and so apprehensive of religion.— J. TAYLOR.

The native blacks have become very active in re-taking the convicts. By the extraordinary strength of sight they possess they can trace to a great distance with wonderful accuracy the impressions of the human foot; nor are they afraid of meeting the fugitive convicts. By their skill in throwing their long wooden darts they wound and disable them and bring them back as prisoners. They are rewarded for these enterprises by presents of maize and blankets; and notwithstanding their apprehensions of revenge from the convicts, they continue to live in their neighbourhood, but are observed to prefer the society of the soldiers.-SYDNEY SMITH on Botany Bay.

Appropriate. Peculiar, or confined to; thence

suitable.

He doth nothing but talk of his horse, and he makes it a great appropriation to his good parts that he can shoe him himself. SHAKSPEARE, Merchant of Venice, i. 2.

A disease appropriated to this country, and whereof there died many. Sir P. SIDNEY.

We often hear of the magical influence of poetry. The expression in general means nothing, but applied to the writings of Milton it is most appropriate. There would seem to be at first sight no more in his words than in other words, but they are words of enchantment. No sooner are they pronounced, than the past is present and the distant near, new forms of beauty spring at once into existence, and all the burial-places of memory give up their dead.-MACAULAY.

APPROVE-ARRAY.

Approve. To try: thence, to judge favourably.
Their discipline

Now mingled with their courage will make known

To their approvers, they are people such

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That mend upon the world.-SHAKSPEARE, Cymbeline, ii. 4. Favouritism is often nothing more than the exercise of faith. The favourite does not exhibit the qualities or character which we especially approve of, but somehow or other he calls out our faith and makes us believe there is latent in him the nature we should most admire, and we are rather proud of our supposed discovery and the vigour of our faith.-Sir A. HELPS.

Arch. Used by Shakspeare as a substantive in the sense of chief': now, in union with another word.

The noble Duke my master,

My worthy arch and patron, comes to-night.

SHAKSPEARE, King Lear, ii. 1.

Banishment of Cicero. Seldom has misfortune so crushed a noble spirit, and never has the 'bitter bread of banishment' seemed more bitter to any one than to him. We must remeinber that the love of country was a passion with the ancients to a degree which it is now difficult to realise, and exile from it was felt to be an intolerable evil. All this may be urged in his behalf, but still it would have been only consistent with Roman fortitude to have shewn that he possessed something of the spirit of the fallen archangel.-FORSYTH's Life of Cicero.

In the further meaning of something sly or roguish.

Dogget thanked me for my visit to him in the winter; and after his comick manner, spoke his request with so arch a leer, that I promised the Drole I would speak to all my acquaintance to be at his play.—Tatler.

Array. Plight.

And met the ship driving, as saith the story,
In which Constance sitteth full piteously.
Nothing ne knew he, what she was, ne why
She was in such array, she noldé say

Of her estate, although she shouldé die.-CHAUCER.

Burke. Nothing is more remarkable than the variety of ways in which he makes his approaches to any position he would master. After reconnoitering it with skill and boldness, if not with perfect accuracy, he manoeuvres with infinite address and arrays a most imposing force of general principles mustered from all parts, and pointed sometimes violently enough in one direction; he now moves on with the composed air of the historian and unfolds his facts.-BROUGHAM.

Art. Occurs in the sense of practice.

It is a strange piece of art and an exorbitant course, when the ship is sound, the mariners strong, the gale favourable, and the sea calm, to lie idly at the rode during so seasonable weather.-SIR W. RALEIGH.

It is true that in architecture, an art which is half a science, an art in which none but a geometrician can excel; an art which has no standard of grace but what is directly or indirectly dependent on utility, an art of which the creations derive a great part at least of their majesty from mere bulk, our country could boast of one truly great man, Christopher Wren.—MACAULAY.

Artifice. Scientific scheme, true art: now generally implies deception, or the reverse of what is natural.

The whole artifice of nature, the motion of the stars, the properties of the planets and of all created entities,-these shall be the life of the understanding which shall feast itself with so high and certain truths.-J. TAYLOR.

Galen professed he could never enough admire that artifice which was in the leg of a fly.-CUDWORTH.

The artificial fountains of the metropolis are fast vanishing. The fashion they tell me is gone by, and that these things are childish. Then why not gratify the children by letting them stand? Is the world all grown up-is childhood dead? Or is there not in the bosoms of the wisest and the best some of the child's heart left to respond to its earlier enchantments.C. LAMB.

ARTILLERY-ARTISAN.

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Artillery. Formerly applied to all kinds of weapons of war.

Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city.-Authorised Version, 1 Samuel xx. 40. Then some would leap and some would run,

And some would use artillery,

Which of you can a good bow draw

A good archer for to be?

Old Ballad of Robin Hood.

It was certainly a very bold thought in Milton to ascribe the first use of artillery to the rebel angels, but as such a pernicious invention may be well supposed to have proceeded from such authors, so it entered very properly into the thoughts of that being who is all along described as aspiring to the Majesty of his Maker.-ADDISON.

Artisan.}

Artist.

'Artisan' was once used in the modern sense of 'artist,' and Waller addresses Van Dyck as Rare artisan.' 'Artist,' on the other hand, was a scholar or man of science, and in the following instances Archimedes and Galileo are so described.

For then the bold and coward,

The wise and fool, the artist and unread,
The hard and soft, seem all affined and kin.

SHAKSPEARE, Troilus and Cressida, i. 3.

Archimedes spent many days in finding out how much gold would serve to gild a crown of silver, and having found it, he fetched divers skips and cried out, I have found it, I have found it!' If then the finding out of so mean a truth could so transport this great artist, what joy shall the Saints receive when God shall discover to them those high secrets ?—J. TAYLOR.

The broad circumference

Hung on his shoulder like the moon, whose orb
Through optic glass the Tuscan artist views

At evening from the top of Fesole,
Or in Valdarno, to descry new lands,
Rivers, or mountains, in her spotty globe.

MILTON, Paradise Lost.