of tenses is very marvellous, and one cannot possibly believe that nature performed such unaccountable freaks. The distinguishing feature of this little work, is the endeavour to show that the tenses are formed from the pure stem of the verb, and that all the changes proceed on fixed and definite principles, chiefly euphonic. The rules are stated with great brevity and clearness, and are illustrated by numerous examples. A more complete analysis, and a closer attention to analogous changes in other languages, might lead to a still greater simplification. The work, however, is worthy of a careful perusal, both by pupil and teacher; and will be found on many points exceedingly helpful.

Juvenalis Satira XIII.
G. A. SMICOX, M.A.

With Notes and Introduction by London: Rivingtons.

Longinus on the Sublime. Translated by T. R. R. STEBBING, M.A. Oxford: T. & G. Shrimpton.

To the student of history who wishes to form a correct estimate of the vices and follies of Roman social life, nothing can be more instructive than to study the productions of its greatest satirists; those of Horace, playful and good-humoured, coloured by the brilliant company meeting at the courtly table of Mecanas; those of Lucilius, full of biting sarcasm and political bitterness, reflecting the political strife that raged between the nobles and the people; those of Persius, chaste, quiet, contemplative, presenting a view of things from the closet, rather than from the world; and those of Juvenal, the last of Roman satirists, abounding in unsparing exposure, burning indignation, and terrific denunciation. We do not believe, with the editor, that this fierce indignation is to be ascribed to a morose asceticism and a narrow provincialism of thought. Even the jolly epicurean Horace would not have written mild sermones, had he lived in the times of Juvenal, when society had so decidedly changed for the worse. All censure of such a state of moral putrefaction must be severe. The present volume contains only thirteen of Juvenal's satires. Three are very properly omitted. The introduction is comprehensive and interesting. It contains a brief account of the poet's life, a discriminating estimate of his characteristics, as compared with Horace and Persius, and a valuable digest of the most important readings. The notes, as in all this series, are clear, scholarly, pertinent. They contain all that is necessary for the elucidation of the text, without displacing any of the general helps. All allusions are explained; and passages presenting any difficulty are felicitously rendered, faithfully, so as to represent the epigrammatic force of the original, as well as the general meaning. The reader will find here the essence of works which must be consulted for details.

The second book on our list is a creditable rendering of the admirable precepts of the noble-souled Longinus; an author who, on account of the moral grandeur of his rules, the candour and acuteness of his criticisms, is still worthy the study of the orator and the statesman. Mr. Stebbing's rendering surpasses in accuracy the Latin translation of Morus, the French of Boileau, and the English versions by Smith, and an 'Oxford Master of Arts. The illustrative notes are to the point, and well-selected. The translation might in many instances be more literal, and yet be equally elegant and expressive of the original.

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The Pulpit Analyst. (London: Jackson, Walford, and Hodder.)-The second volume of this important serial pursues the homiletic analysis of the Gospel of Matthew by the editor, and completes the literal translation of the Gospel of John by Theophilus Hall. Ten or twelve biographical sketches of distinguished ministers and preachers form an interesting feature in the present series. The Socratic sermons by the editor indicate great freshness of conception, and the criticism is less naggling than in the earlier volume. Everlasting Punishment not Everlasting Pain. By ROBERT REYNOLDSON. (London: Elliot Stock. 1867.)-A series of discourses by a godly and Evangelical minister of many years' standing in Wisbeach. We cannot but hail any deliverance on this subject-however much we may differ from it-which claims to be, and really is, an attempt to discover the mind of the spirit of God on the future and final condition of the lost. We cannot but congratulate any man who can honestly believe that everlasting punishment is not everlasting misery. We admit, moreover, that there is much to be said for the view advocated by Mr. Reynoldson, who, while he holds that tribulation and anguish, and everlasting punishment, will fall on every soul of man that doeth evil, holds also that punishment, like redemption and judgment, may be spoken of as everlasting, when all that is intended by the phrase is, that its effects endure for ever. There is some ingenuity, and also some rather wild speculation in the author's interpretations of the Apocalyptic visions of the eternal torment, but the reverence, sobriety, and care evinced in this legacy of an aged minister of the Gospel bespeak attention. The Romance of Charity. By JOHN DE LIEFDE. (London: Alexander Strahan.) This is a valuable and beautiful reproduction and abridgement of M. de Liefde's larger work, entitled 'Six Months among the Charities of Europe.' The illustrative representations of the various houses where this Divine romance of Christian charity has been enacted add to the charm of the narrative. We commend the perusal of these fascinating records to all who believe that the former times are better than these, to those who despair of Christianity, to those who doubt the reality of the supernatural government and Providence of God, and to those Romanists or Anglicans, who monopolize to themselves the heroism and the sanctities of self-sacrificing love. Drops from the Brook by the Way. (Religious Tract Society.)-A text for every day in the year, to which is appended an appropriate prayer from some saint, or sage, or martyr of the universal Church of God. This is one of the very best productions of the kind we have seen. The Class and the Desk. A Manual for Sunday-school Teachers. By JAMES COMPER GRAY. (Halifax.)—Mr. Gray has supplied a very useful book for Sunday-school teachers, somewhat after the manner of the notes published by the Sunday-school Union. A lesson is selected. Short textual explanations are given. Three or four expository and illustrative sections follow, and the heads of the practical lessons are then suggested. The aim is to economize the preacher's time, and to compensate him for the paucity of books. So far as a cursory examination, which alone is possible with such a work, enables us to judge, Mr. Gray has succeeded admirably, and has rendered a great service to Sunday-school teachers. Sermons. By R. S. C. CHERMSIDE, M.A. Edited by the Rev. G. RAWLINSON, M.A. (London: Rivingtons.)-Mr. Chermside was the rector of Wilton, and a friend of the late Lord Herbert. He died in July last, at an early age These sermons, with two exceptions, were preached to a rural congregation in the parish church of Wilton. Although the sermons are very simple, they are also very fresh and very wise. They avoid all pulpit

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commonplace, and present truth in aspects and moral harmonies that only a very superior man could originate. Professor Rawlinson has done well to edit this memorial of his friend. It is worthy to stand by the side of Charles Kingsley's sermons, and has a breadth of view, a delicacy of touch, and a calm judicial restraint which are seldom found in Kingsley. Memories of Olivet. By J. R. MACDUFF, D.D. (London: James Nisbet and Co.)-It is enough to mention a new volume of Dr. Macduff's to commend it to thousands of readers. An author whose books furnish a catalogue of nearly forty in number, and which are advertised as in their 167th, 161st, 129th, 119th, 73rd, 36th, 27th, 18th, 12th thousand, &c. respectively, is too well-known to need the commendation of reviewers, and too independent of them to care for their censure. These Memories of Olivet' are a continuation of the series of which the Memories of Bethany' and the Memories of Gennesaret' are the first two volumes. To a certain class of minds, the writings of Dr. Macduff have a peculiar charm, and few devout persons can read them without interest. Light and Truth; or, Bible Thoughts and Themes.-Old Testament. HORATIUS BONAR, D.D. (London: James Nisbet.)-Like Dr. Macduff, Dr. Bonar appeals to a peculiar class of religious people, those, namely, in whom the fervid, devotional, uncritical, millenarian temperament is specially developed. We cannot discuss his theory of inspiration; it may be enough to say that he embodies it in this sentence, No word is 'set down in the Bible, save by the authority of God.' The volume is a series of sermons on Old Testament history. They are broken up into very short chapters; they are meditations rather than expositions; they grapple with no difficulty; they afford no light,' and we are often doubtful about the truth,' that is, the historical and theological as distinguished from the religious truth; but they are devout and fervent. It is singular how far Dr. Bonar's prose falls below his poetry, but the characteristics of the man are equally cognizable in both. - Life of Pastor Fleidner, of Kaiserwerth. Translated from the German. By CASHERINE WINKWORTH. London: Longmans & Co. The wide interest felt by the religious and philanthropic people of England in the Kaiserwerth institution of Deaconesses, will win for this little book a ready reception which its own intrinsic excellences will more than justify. The life work of a pure-hearted, simple-minded selfdenying man-a holy and faithful servant of the Master is here delineated with beautiful simplicity and delicacy, It is one of those charming little memoirs which adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour.' Lays of a Heart. By WILLIAM WADE ROBINSON. London: Houlston and Wright. 1867. If we are offered a song or a lay, such is the perversity of human nature that we begin at once, not only to criticise the thought, but the form, the melody, and the measure, and we even summon Imagination to the dock to answer for her transgression of laws which, perhaps, she does not recognise, and cannot understand. Lays of a Heart,' à priori, are sure to provoke hostility, in proportion to the demand made upon a sympathy which it is difficult, off-hand, to evoke. Mr. Robinson asks us to share some of his secret sorrows, which he only half explains, to grope with him in the darkness, to chant with him at break of day, and to do many other such-like things. Well, granting the right of the poet to make such demands, this volume is by no means to be tossed aside contemptuously, for though some of the lays are discordant, meaningless, and affected-watery matter bewitched with Tennyson-yet there are touches in a purer vein, stanzas that excite a genuine admiration. Un

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fortunately, many of these brief poems are damaged by a prosaic line, and streaked with common-place: as, for instance, the exquisite stanza in the poem, entitled Marriage Eve,' commencing, O earth, thou comest to my marriage, too;' which ends with, I cannot rest on one unpleasant spot.' [!!!] The Future, not the Past,' The Dumb Canary, The Heavenly Bridegroom,' and others, indicate a depth and tenderness, both of feeling and fancy, that are the unmistakable marks of true poetic genius. Mr. Robinson's perception of the beautiful in nature is obviously keen and enthusiastic, and the lines with which he concludes his appeal to the winds, in which he blends somewhat of the dignity of Wordsworth with the rhodomontade of Southey's 'How do the waters come down at Lowdore?' afford a specimen of his nature worship, and a fair exponent of his style:

'God has made you endless singers,
To the endless in His creature;
And you play the soul's deep music,
On the changing Harp of Nature.'

Axel, and other Poems. Translated from the Swedish by HENRY LOCKWOOD. Loudon: Longman, Green, and Co.-The translator of a poet should himself be a poet of equal genius. It needs a Coleridge to translate a Schiller; and even then the translation may be anything but a reproduction of the idiosyncracies of the original. We have only to think of English versions of Homer, from Chapman to Lord Derby, to see how diversified may be the translations of the same original: how different Cowper is from Pope, and Lord Derby from Philip Worsley! For reasons that, as critics who ought to know everything, we scarcely like to confess, we are unable to say how far Mr. Lockwood has reproduced the spirit and feeling of his Swedish originals. He has, he tells us, aimed to follow the originals as closely as possible, 'both as regards rhythm and imagery,' and he justly presumes upon the growing interest that is felt in Scandinavian literature. His versions are poetical, natural, and flowing, and rarely suggest a foreign original. The principal poem, 'Axel,' and the greater number of the minor pieces, are taken from Tegnér, one of the greatest of the poets of Sweden, who died in 1816; the others are from Atterbom, Stagnelius, Runeberg, Talis Qualis, and Börjesson. There is a scholarly feeling about Mr. Lockwood's renderings which inspires confidence, and a poetic taste and warmth which will go far to naturalise some of these fine specimens of the Swedish muse.

JUVENILE LITERATURE.

Books for children are as vital in their importance as books for grownup men; they influence and mould men at the formative stage of their character. Happily they are produced, not only in great profusion, but by wise and earnest writers, who rightly deem the instruction and amusement of children a task for the employment of all their powers. We notice a few of the multifarious children's books that the season has produced. The Religious Tract Society, as befits it, caters well for young readers. The chief stories in its periodicals are reprinted in volumes, as indeed is the almost universal fashion. No one intends his contribution to be limited to the magazine in which it appears, and few authors now

NO. XCIII.

U

think of writing a tale without first passing it through the pages of some periodical. The Harvest of a Quiet Eye: Leisure Thoughts for busy Lives. By the Rev. J. R. VERNON-Is a collection of a series of papers which appeared in the 'Leisure Hour' and the Sunday at Home,' and which attracted considerable attention by their acute observation, poetical conception, and natural devoutness. The lesson is the same as that of a little book, popular in our boyhood, entitled Eyes and No Eyes.' It suggests to us what we may see in nature, if we look for it. Rarely has even the Tract Society put forth a more excellent and graceful little work than this. The illustrations, by Harrison Weir, Noel Humphries, Wimperis, and others, are of unusual excellence. The Story of a Diamond Illustrative of Egyptian Manners and Customs. By Miss M. L. Whateley-Is also a reprint from the Leisure Hour.' It is an inge nious delineation of Egyptian life and manners. The thread of the work is the history of a diamond, which passes from one owner to another, in almost every condition of social life-from the merchant to the harem, from the traveller to the Bedouin's tent. These varieties of life, social and religious, are described with a fulness of knowledge which a long residence in Cairo has given, and with a literary skill far above the average. We suspect that under the designation of Mrs. Rothesay, Miss Whately delineates her own evangelical labours in Egypt, with which she has already made us in part acquainted by her little books on Ragged Life in Egypt.' The illustrations are good. Ludovic; or, the Boy's Victory-Is a tale of school-boy life: another attempt to realize the little world of a great public school, and a tolerably successful one; but it is difficult for a writer to retain the boy's conceptions until the capability of writing books has been attained. Ludovic is a noble boy, and there are many like him. The Mirage of Life.-What the mirage of the desert is, how etherial in its beauty, how delicious in its promise, and how bitter in its disappointment, every Eastern traveller knows. Availing himself of this analogy, the writer of this little book illustrates the delusions and disappointments of human life in those who turn away from God and pursue fashion, wealth, beauty, and even earth's noblest things, in the vain hope that they can satisfy. Under each character the career of some typical personage is briefly sketched in illustration. It is a wellwritten and attractive little volume. Pilgrim Street. By the Author of Jessica's First Prayer.'-Every one who has read Jessica's First Prayer' will eagerly anticipate a new tale from her pen. Pilgrim Street' will not disappoint their expectations. It is a wholesome, clever, and touching tale of Manchester Life. The religious purpose is not obtruded, but its feeling is thoroughly instilled.

From Messrs. Griffith and Farran, whose very names are consecrated to the best juvenile literature of the last century, we receive several attractive volumes; among them- Castles, and their Heroes. By BARBARA HUTTON. A good conception, cleverly realized. The Hero of Conway Castle is Edward I.; that of Corfe Castle, Lady Bankes; that of Carisbrooke, the Princess Elizabeth Stuart; Warwick Castle suggests more than one Earl of that name; Montgomery Castle is connected with the Hubert family. Romantic locality and heroic history are thus connected in a very effective and attractive way; and it is all real.' Casimir, the Litle Exile. By CAROLINE PEACHEY.-Casimir is the orphan son of Stanislas, a Polish count, introduced to the reader at nine years of age, when his mother lies dead in the Castle, and his father is brought in from a lost battle with the Russians mortally wounded. The book tells the