very different nature, these journals can hardly be considered as rival publications: both are highly creditable to the ability and attainments of their respective conductors.

Princeton, in New Jersey, (about 43 miles N. E. from Philadelphia, and 53 from New York,) is the seat of a third college, which has had the honour of sending out some of the most distinguished orators and statesmen that America has produced. It was founded in 1738, and gradually attained to a highly repectable rank as a literary institution; particularly during the presidency of the venerable Dr, Witherspoon, who was invited from Scotland to occupy that honourable situation. The college contained in 1818, 150 students. Were the institution established upon a more liberal scale, Mr. Duncan remarks, "it is probable, from its local advantages, that its students would soon outnumber those of any other American college. Situate midway between New York and Philadelphia, its proximity to both, gives it a decided advantage over both Harvard and Yale. To the immense territory south and west of Philadelphia, it as yet the nearest academical institution of any considerable reputation, and will certainly, if other things are equal, obtain a preference to those that are two or three hundred miles further off. The wealthiest families in the Union, and

"It is remarkable," says Dr. Morse," that all the presidents of this college, except Dr. Witherspoon, were removed by death very soon after their election into office." The Rev. Jonathan Dickinson, elected 1746, died 1747. The Rev. Aaron Burr, elected 1748, died 1757. The Rev, Jonathan Edwards, elected 1758, died the same year. He was succeeded by the Rev. Samuel Davies, the author of some of the best sermons in the language, who died in 1760. The Rev. Dr. Finley, who succeeded him in 1761, died in 1766. Dr. Witherspoon was elected in 1767, and held the office upwards of twenty years.

those who scatter money most lavishly, belong to the southern part of it; and if a University can be supported any where on a liberal scale, they are able to do it." *

A theological academy was, in 1811, founded at Princeton, by the Presbyterian Church of the United States, in pursuance of an act of the Gencral Assembly. The funds for its establishment were derived partly from congregational collections, and partly from private subscriptions. The students amounted, in 1818, to about eighty. The tuition is altogether gratuitous. From the proximity of this institution to the college, it was anticipated, that results mutually beneficial would accrue; and their combined advantages will be a strong inducement to many young men to select Princeton as their place of study.

At Andover, in Massachusetts, there is a similar institution, but on a more munificent scale, founded in 1818, in connexion with the New England Congregational Church. "It had its origin," Mr. Duncan informs us," in the liberality of three or four wealthy individuals, (who not only bestowed funds sufficient for the commencement of the academy, but, as it was observed to rise in usefulness and reputation, gradually enlarged the amount of their munificent contributions, till it has become possessed of several commodious buildings, and of four endowed professorships, worth, it is said, from 300l. to 400l. sterling a year. The branches for which they are appointed, are, biblical literature, sacred rhetoric, ecclesiastical

* Duncan, vol. i. p. 171. The system and discipline of Princeton College are much the same as at Yale College, except that the different departments of instruction are divided among fewer professors and tutors,

history, and systematic theology: with these they combine the other departments of a theological education, and the establishment is probably as practically useful as if the professorships were more numerous. The chairs are said to be reputably filled; one of them indeed by a gentleman of high celebrity throughout the whole Union. Besides these advantages,

Andover possesses about forty scholarships, which are, however, less in individual amount than the two at Princeton." * In 1821-2, the number of students in this academy amounted to 132. The present Professor of Sacred Literature, the Rev. Moses Stuart, has laid Biblical students under considerable obligations by several works which have been reprinted in this country.

Cornwall, in Connecticut, is the seat of another theological seminary, which claims an honourable mention it is called the Foreign Mission School, and is devoted to the instruction of young natives of foreign countries, with the view of qualifying them to return home as missionaries or teachers. It was founded in 1809, and contained in 1822, eighteen pupils; namely, 6 Sandwich Islanders, 1 New Zealander, 1 Malay, 1 Chinese, 1 Cherokee, 1 Oneida, 1 Tuscarora, 1 Caughnawaga, and 2 Stockbridge Indians, with 3 natives of the United States, intending to be foreign missionaries. In March 1823, two young Greeks reached America from Malta, one fifteen, and the other eleven years of age, who had come over for the sole purpose of enjoying the benefit of this school.† Such an institution reflects the highest

* Duncan, vol. i. p. 179. In 1822, the private benefactions to this theological academy, since its foundation, had amounted very nearly to 100,000l. sterling.

† Duncan, vol, i. pp. 179–181,

honour on the philanthropy and enlightened policy of its projectors and supporters.

We must here take leave of New England, and at the same time, of the learned President of Yale College, whose accurate and valuable, though tedious volumes contain the fullest topographical description of this interesting section of the United States.* In Connecticut, we have the most perfect specimen, perhaps, of a pure democracy, in alliance with the representative principle, tempered by the steady habits and religious character of the population, and by the influence of the clergy, that has ever been realized. The officers of the State are all elective; " yet, the incumbents," Dr. Dwight remarks, except those who belong to the house of representatives, hold them with a stability unparalleled under any monarchy in Europe." The father, son, and grandson of the family of Wyllys held the office of secretary, in succession, more than a century, and the grandson left it by resignation. The Judges, though annually elected by the legislature, have held their offices, with scarcely an exception, through life. The governors of the State are annually chosen by the people; yet, from 1665 to 1817, there occur but nineteen changes, some of which

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An abridgement of these Travels, in which the topographical and historical information should be given in a compressed form, omitting the numerous repetitions aad trivial details, and substituting for the desultory epistolary form, a proper arrangement,— would be of far more value than the work in its present shape. An amended publication 'of this description, is due to the memory of the learned Author, and to the public. Within our prescribed limits, it has been impossible to include even an abstract of the multifarious information scattered through 2000 closely printed pages.

were re-elections of an individual who had previously served the office. One highly respected member of the legislature, resigned his seat at the council-board, after he had sat there more than fifty years. "There

is no country," continues this truly patriotic and enlightened Anglo-American, "where privileged orders do not exist, in which magistrates have been generally held in so high respect." This is the consequence of their long continuance in public office. Under these circumstances, he remarks, the strength of personal attachment comes in aid of the other bonds of society and the other means of supporting Government, which, in the hands of those who have long enjoyed the respect and confidence of their fellow citizens, is felt to be the government of friends; and the attachment to the men is naturally associated with the measures. "The whole force of this affection does not, I confess," adds the learned Writer, "exist even here. For its entire efficacy, we must look to a monarchy, an army, or a navy. The ruler, being a single object, concentrates the whole regard of the mind, and, if an amiable and worthy man, faithfully and wisely discharging the duties of his office, may exert an influence over those whom he governs, next to magical. Of the benefits to which this powerful principle gives birth, free governments ought in every safe way to avail themselves. A doctrine, a constitution, or even an abstract term, may serve as a watch-word of party, a torch of enthusiasm, or an idol of occasional ardour. But there is no permanent earthly object of affection, except man ; and without such affection, there is reason to fear, that no free government can long exist in safety and peace." *

*Dwight, vol. i. pp. 228–231, 256, 7.