Comparing, however, the estimates of Judge formation in my power touching the subject of from Cleveland, on Lake Erie, and we see alWright in relation to the St. Lawrence canal, your letter. The project which the Canadians ready that Pennsylvania has been this year and estimates which have been made as to the have in hand to make a steamboat canal of 10 navigating her canals since about the 10th of expense of opening all the proposed channels feet water, to pass all the rapids between Mon- March. The truth is, and we ought not to of communication from Utica to Oneida lake,treal and Ogdensburgh, or Lake Ontario, is one disguise it, that Pennsylvania can navigate and from thence to Ontario, Onondaga, which has a very important bearing, in its three or four weeks earlier than we can, and Cayuga and Seneca lakes, (which latter is consequences, upon the people of the State of even Canada can open her Welland canal nearestimated at less than $900,000,) the cost will, New-York, and the Erie canal tolls. It is ly one month earlier than we can our Erie cawhen contrasted with the important results, be certain to my mind, that with such a canal as nal, and the St. Lawrence canal can be navibut trifling. I have projected along the St. Lawrence, and gated earlier than our canals if they pay a lit The amount of revenue to be derived from the Welland canal, in good order, that all the tle attention to management to clear the ice. transportation is difficult to be imagined, and products of the soil, from all the Upper Lakes, That the project of making a canal of the size much more difficult to be ascertained. Judg-can be carried to tide water a great deal cheap- I have named from Utica to Oneida lake is feaing, however, of the future from the past ander by this route than they can ever be done by the sible at an expense not alarming, is certainly true; the present, we may safely come to the con- Erie canal, or any other work. indeed, with the exception of the difficulties at clusion, that ten years will not elapse, after The plan of the improvements as projected the summit and east of it, all the country is the completion of the proposed project, before along the St. Lawrence, is to make short ca- as favorable as you can wish or desire. That we witness the same busy scenes upon its nals and locks around the rapids, leaving the such canal will be able to transport much waters that we do now upon the Erie canal. steamboat to navigate the river and lakes in all cheaper than the present canal, taking into Calculation, like our advance in numbers, the intermediate spaces. The whole length consideration that such a large portion of disoutruns fancy. "Things which twenty years of all these canals, (although in seven or eight tance between Oswego and Utica is natural ago a man would have been laughed at for different pieces,) does not exceed 31 miles and waters, there can be no doubt; and that the believing, we now see. At that time, the most about 175 feet of lockage. This can be exe-time will soon arrive when we must expect ardent mind, proceeding on established facts cuted for about three millions dollars, and com-competitors for that lake trade, is also cerby the unerring rules of arithmetic, was obliged pleted in three years from the time it is com-tain; and in the race for this important obto drop the pen at results which imagination menced, if they choose to do so. ject, it is of vital importance that we should could not embrace." That the Welland canal can and will be put have early and sound information on every The Erie canal is but a carrying place be-in good order, there is no doubt, as it appears point relating to this matter, so as to act tween the Hudson and the great lakes It by the measures adopted at the late session of promptly and definitively when we do act, canbears about the same proportion to the amount their parliament, that they intend to make it a not be doubted. of business which is done between those government work, and will no doubt do so next If such a project was well executed so far as waters now, as the Great Western turnpike winter. from Oswego to Utica, there is no doubt its addid twenty years since. Proportionably to the The question now arises, what shall be done vantages would be such as to show the prowants of the country it affords about the same by the state of New-York to retain the trade of priety of conveying it on to some proper point facilities. the Upper Lakes to her great commercial port, of the Hudson, and then we should see whethYour committee here adopt with satisfac-under all these views of the matter? I see no er we cannot compete successfully with any of tion, and in their opinion with particular pro- better plan than your memorial, adopted by our neighbors, north or south of us. The prize priety, the language of the Canal Commis- the people of Utica, suggests, viz.: by a large contending for is a grand one, and well worthy sioners, in their report before referred to. canal to the Oneida lake, or rather to a cer- of the exertions of the state of New-York. "The life of an individual is short. The tain point on Fish creek, where 8 feet water Permit me to make one remark before I close time is not distant when those who make this can be at all times carried to the lake; thence as to the Oneida river, below Oneida lake. I report will have passed away. But no term is through the lake, and down the outlet to Three have understood that some surveys have been fixed to the existence of a State, and the first Rivers, and then down the Oswego river. And made to estimate the expense of overcoming wish of a patriot's heart is, that his own may see by your letter, that your views extend to the three rapids in the 18 miles of this river be immortal. But whatever limit may have branching off up the Seneca river, to Cayuga between Oneida lake and Three River point. been assigned to New-York by those eternal lake: this would be a very good addition to Let me say that great care is necessary, to decrees which established the heavens and the the whole project. prevent injury to the country, by dams, across earth, it is hardly to be expected that she will You ask me to give my views of the expense this river, which I have heard is the plan probe blotted from the lists of political societies of such a work from Utica to the Oneida lake, posed. There is a great extent of flat country before the effects here stated shall have been upon the plan you propose, of 60 feet canal along this river, and no dams ought to be made sensibly felt. And even when, by the flow of width and 8 feet depth, with locks he size of on any account. From a perfect knowledge that perpetual stream which bears all human the Welland canal, which is 110 feet by 22 in of this river, and the country along it, I am institutions away, our constitution shall be decidedly of opinion that the improvements dissolved and our laws be lost, still the descen- As I know the country well, from having ought to be by short canals and locks. One at dants of our children's children shall remain. surveyed it, I see no point of extra expense in the outlet of the lake would be about one mile, The same mountains will stand, the same the canal, except in passing the Rome summit, one at Cockederoy mile, and one at Oak Orrivers run, new moral combinations will be and the plan of getting over Oriskany creek, chard, say one mile, all the other parts of the formed on the old physical foundations, and Sedaque; these latter, I do not think, would river are, or may easily be made, 8 feet the extended line of remote posterity, after a present any very formidable obstacles to good water, and this would do no injury to the lapse of two thousand years, and the ravage engineers; but I have not sufficiently digested country. of repeated revolutions, when the record of a plan of the project that would enable me to history shall have been obliterated, and the even approximate the expense. I know that tongue of tradition, the shadowy remembrance you must look for water either from Fish creek, of ancient events into childish tales of mi-to the Rome summit, or from Black river The racle, this national work shall remain. It former would not be expensive, as I know, and shall bear testimony to the genius, the learn-have surveyed, a route where it may be brought I am not perfectly satisfied with the size of ing, the industry and intelligence, of the present easy and cheap. the locks and canal as you proposed, I should age." This project would, if executed, enable ves- prefer locks 24 and 26 feet wide and a canal It is unnecessary for your committee to dwell sels of 130 to 140* tons, to navigate on the large not less than 75 to 80 feet on the surface. on the advantages which the commerce of the rivers and lakes with sails, and on the canals However, this is a future consideration, and State must derive from opening a scene so be towed by horses, or it would permit steam-when orders are given for the survey, the estivast to its incessant activity, and o the in-boats of certain construction, with wheel in mate can be made on as many different plans fluence which must result from holding beyond stern, to pass through-such boats, from a as shall be thought advisable. the reach of rivalry and competition, a key to model I have seen, would carry 100 tons ef the commerce of our western world. They goods or produce. are known and will be duly appreciated by the intelligent people of this State. I the chamber. The expense of such a project can only be known by a regular survey, and such survey Deeply impressed with the importance of the ought to be made by an engineer who knows subject, your committee are of opinion that the formation of the whole country and can speedy measures ought to be adopted to carry ||adapt his plan to a good and cheap work, and into effect the prayer of the petitioners. In overcome the various difficulties best. pursuance of these views and opinions, your committee have prepared a bill, which they now ask leave to introduce. DOCUMENT. Letter from Benjamin Wright, Esq. I have not said any thing about the competition which is to be looked for from Pennsylvania, if she goes on to form a connection between her canal at Pittsburgh with the Ohio canal at Akron. This latter place is about 40 miles Dear Sir,-Your favor of 29th ult. is before * Vessels of this tonnage measurement will carry 250 me, and I will endeavor to give you all the in-ltons dead weight.-J. E, B. I have suggested the above from my wish to see every improvement of this kind, when attempted, done right, and I know too well the evils to a country to have a pernicious plan of such works adopted. dear With great respect and esteem, I am, THE RAILROAD.-We learn with pleasure that the Tuscumbia, Courtland and Decatur Railroad Company has agreed that their road may form a link in the grand chain of internal improvement, by which it is contemplated to unite the Atlantic Ocean with the Mississippi river, at some convenient point above NewOrleans. The Paisley Canal Passage-Boats. By JAMES pass, the horses of one of them stop just before they come opposite the horses of the other boat, and a boatman takes the tow-line off its hook and holds it, in case it should come in contact with the bottom of the other boat, which is passing it at its full speed. As far as I know, no accident has happened since these boats have been put upon the canal, and the trade has increased very much. When the speed of the boat is low, the waves the measures given above, of the draught of rise and get a great way ahead of it; if the vewater, and the depth of the boat. The plates locity is increased to a certain extent, the boat are of 16th wire gauge. The ribs are made of keeps up to the wave; and if it sail quicker still, Sir,-As your correspondents have been light gunnel-iron; and a rim of the same goes the bow gets before the swell, which decreases requested to forward to you information re-round the inside of the top edge of the boat, on in height as the velocity of the boat increases specting the light gig-shaped boats lately intro- which the wooden gunnel is fixed by means of in the highest velocities, at least, that I have duced upon canals, send you the following square-headed screws. There are light ribs of seen the boat brought up to. From this it account of the Paisley canal passage-boats, wood laid inside of the boat, on which the floor- would appear that the wave has a determinate from which account I think it will be seen that ing is nailed, and a broad stripe of wood runs velocity, like the undulations that cause sound the skiffing, for rising to the surface of the wa- between the seats and the windows, so high at any rate, it has a maximum velocity and ter principle, so much insisted on by Mr. Mac- that the passengers may rest their backs upon if the whole cause of the formation of the wave neill, has little to do with their quick rate of it. The cotton oiled cloth, which covers the continues when the boat goes quicker than its sailing. cabin and steerage, requires three very thin motion, the wave will fall behind. Now there coats of boiled oil to make it water-tight, and is a vacuum formed towards the stern of every it should be dried in the sun if possible: very vessel when it is sailing; this, together with light curved ribs, set about two feet apart, sup- the height at which the wave stands above the port the cloth overhead, and it is fixed to the level of the canal, and the motion of the wave frames of the windows, &c., at the sides of the in the direction of the boat, will casse it (the boat. A boat of this kind can be finished in a most comfortable style for £130. The cost of the iron-work is £70, and £60 will pay the joiner and other work of the boat. Description of one of the Boats.-The length keel is 35 feet long, the part in front (under the wave) to fall in towards the stern of the vessel, and act on its inclined sides, giving back a great part of the power spent in its formation, if the vessel is properly formed. The water sent towards the sides of the canal by the inclination of the how, will be reflected from the perpendicular facing on the banks, and act in the same way. The lateral communication of motion among particles going in different directions, may have a tendency to keep down the swell. If this explanation is correct, the boats must have their dimensions and form corresponding to the width of the canal, and the velocity they are to sail at. As the boat rises on the wave, its bow is up or down, according as the wave is fore or aft, I am, Sir, yours, &c. JAMES WHITLAW. ) CANAL TOLLS.-Since the opening of the canals, the amount of tolls paid to the collector at Albany has averaged about fifteen hundred dollars per day, up to and including the 24th instant, and the receipts have been gradually increasing from day to day. On the 25th, the amount received was $2,300, and probably about the same on Saturday, the 26th. The receipts at this place, thus far, although less than last year, are fully equal to the tolls for the corresponding period in 1832-notwithstanding the diminution of the receipts by a reduction in the rates of toll, since 1832, of about 35 per cent. During the first week of navigation, there has been received for tolls at Geneva, the sum of $3,159 44--and at Salina, the sum of $6,583 70. These are the most conclusive indications that the real elements of our prosperity are unimpaired. a, is the end connected to the boat; b, is are charged 18. in the cabin, and 9d. in the fixed to the one horse, and c, to the other. If steerage. the rope were longer than this, it would draw The best speed for the Paisley canal boats is the boat against the side, at a quick bend on the greater than 9 miles an hour; and this velocity canal. The horse in front has blinders on it, occasions a very little and gradual swell, not and a boy rides on the one behind. The har- more than 7 inches high on the canal; there is ness must be as light as possible. If the horses no wave whatever at or before the bow of the are run 12 miles a day, they keep in excellent boat, and the water is lower than the surface order, but 16 miles per day is too much for of the canal just behind the bow; it then bethem. The horses are changed every 4 miles.gins to rise, and the wave reaches it maximum PRODUCE FROM COXSACKIE.-We are fearful Half blood horses, or a breed between half elevation at about two-thirds of the length of we shall not have the pleasure of reporting so blood and full blood, answer best. the boat from its bow; at the stern the eleva- favorably of the present season. The canal is 30 feet wide, except at the tien of the wave is nothing, and any ripple that Coxsackie Landing is one of the most floubridges, where it is only 11 feet, and there are follows the boat is occasioned by the action of rishing villages on the Hudson. In addition to two or three more contracted places on it, of the rudder to turn the boat. At the best veloci- the sloops employed by the enterprising merconsiderable length. The average depth of the ty the horses have not a heavy pull; but when chants of that place during the past year, 25 in canal is 4 feet 6 inches. The sides of the ca- the boat is drawn so slow as 6 or 7 miles an number, two lines of tow-boats, two boats to nal are lined by a perpendicular wall, built of hour, the strain on the towing-line is very each line, have been established there, and will small stones, which goes 10 or 11 inches below great, and waves rise in front of the boat more be in operation early in the present season. the surface of the water, and as much above it. than 18 inches high, and wash over the banks The principal exports from that place are brick, The distance from Glasgow to Paisley is 73 of the canal. On account of the boat's being lime, stone, wood, hay, &c. Some idea of its miles by the canal, and the distance from so light, it may be brought from its maximum local trade may be formed from the fact that Glasgow to Johnstone is more than 11 miles. speed to a state of rest without raising a wave 15,000,000 brick, 17,000 casks lime, 473,430 The boats run the distance between Glasgow in front; and for the same reason it may be feet flagging and paving stone, 5,600 tons hay, and Paisley in 50 minutes, and take in and put brought from a state of rest to its greatest and 3,750 cords wood, were shipped during the out a good many passengers at different places speed before a very high wave has time to rise. last year. on the way; and the distance from Paisley to At the bridges the wave at the side of the boat Stuyvesant is another large and flourishing Johnstone is run over in a time proportionably is rather more than 9 inches high when the boat village, a few miles above Coxsackie, on the short. The cabin fare is 9d., and the steerage is going at its best velocity; and when two of opposite side of the Hudson. The Stuyvesant fare is 6d., from Glasgow to Paisley. When the boats pass each other at a quick rate, the and Coxsackie steamboat United States, with passengers go from Glasgow to Johnstone, they wave is not worse than this. When two boats its barges, commenced its regular trips on ti~ 12th inst. NEW INVENTED STOMACH PUMP-Descrip-||gallons of water may in a few minutes befrequency between that of the infant and the tion of a New Form of the Stomach Pump. passed through the stomach, thus washing aged is more than double. By P. B. GODDARD, M. D., of Philadelphia. away every trace of poison and saving many [From the Journal of the Franklin Insti-a valuable life. tute.] d b Fig. 2, the entire instrument—a, ringe-b, the valve box. the sy The scale is, at birth, 130 to 140 a minute; at one year, 120 to 130; at two years, 102 to 110; three years, 90 to 100; seven years, 85 to 90; fourteen years. 80 to 85; adult age, 75 to 80; first old age, 65 to 75; confirmed old age, 60 to 65. THE NUMBER FIVE.-The Chinese have a great regard for this number. According to them there are five elements-water, fire, metals, wood, earth; five perpetual virtues-goodness, justice, honesty, science, and truth; five tastes-sourness, sweetness, bitterness, acidity, and salt; five colors-azure, yellow, fleshcolor, white, and black; they say there are five viscera-the liver, the heart. the lungs, the kidneys, and the stomach. They count five organs of the senses-ears, eyes, mouth, nose, and eyebrows. A Chinese author has written a curious dialogue between these senses. The mouth complains that the nose is not only too near, but above her; the nose in reply defends its position, by stating that but for it the mouth would eat stinking meats. The nose in turn complains of being below the eyes; they reply that but for them men would often break their noses.- -[Le Lanterne Magique.] Fig. 1, section of valve box-a a, cavities This pump consists of two parts, one of for the bullets-bb, bullet valves-cc, tubes, which I shall call the valve box, the other is to which are attached the flexible pipes-d, an ordinary syringe, of good construction, to female screw to attach it to the syringe which the valve box is screwed when in use. The valve box is a cylinder of metal, containing ovoidal or egg-shaped cavities, equally distant from the centre of the cylinder; at this point a pipe enters, which, when screwed on to the syringe, opens a communication between its cavity and these two cavities in the valve box. Near each end of the cylinder a short and slightly conical tube projects laterally, to which a flexible tube is to be fastened, and which causes a communication between the flexible tube and the cavity in the valve box. Each of these cavities contains a bullet accurately turned, so as to fit the orifices of the tubes, entering into it, and acting as a valve. It will be seen by reference to the accompanying cut (which is a section of the valve box) that if the valve box be held vertically, and the syringe screwed on it, the bullet in the upper cavity will fall upon the orifice of communication between it and the body of the syringe, whilst the bullet in the lower cavity will, in like manner, lie upon the orifice of the tube leading externally. If the lower tube be Ericsson's Caloric Engine. now immersed in water, and the piston of the syringe be drawn out, it will be evident 4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 that the body of the syringe will be filled SIR,-After reading several times the Mercury. Venus. Earth. Mars. with water from the lower tube. If now the description of Ericsson's Caloric Engine. If 10 represents the distance of the Earth, piston be pressed home, the water will pass out of the upper tube; the bullet in the low contained in your February number, I am 4 will be that of Mercury, 7 Venus, 16 Mars, yet at a loss in regard to some things. As.and 52, 100, and 196, the respective distances er cavity preventing its escape there, just as suming, as the description dues, that the air of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. This law was the bullet in the upper one prevented the en-in the part of the engine represented black known as far as 100, before the discovery of It will then always is under greater pressure than that in the respond, affords a very remarkable confirmaUranus: and the distance being found to corpump water, or any other fluid, from the white, but being of nearly the same tempe- tion of its truth. But it will be observed there lower tube to the upper. rature, it must be of greater density; for is a deficiency of one term between Mars and If the position of the valve box be now re-example, let the density of one be repre- Jupiter. This led philosophers to suspect the versed, and the end which was above be sented by 50, and that of the other by 100, existence of a planet at the distance required placed below, the bullets will fall by their own that is, the quantity of air contained in any Palermo, actually discovered one, whose orbit to fill up the vacancy; and in 1801, Piazzi, of gravity into the opposite ends of the cavities, given portion of the black is twice that con trance of air before. tubes has been reversed. call a CURIOUS ASTRONOMICAL THEORY.-We state the following on the authority of M. Arago, an eminent French astronomer: If we place in a horizontal line the series of figures of which the law is evident 0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 (each double the preceding,) and afterwards add 4 to each, we shall have a series denoting the relative distances of the Planets from the By G. K. O zine. * Jupiter Saturn. Uranus. and the instrument will act as it did before, tained in a corresponding portion of the nearly at the proportional distance of 28 from was between those of Mars and Jupiter, and viz. pumping from the lower orifice to the white part: suppose the temperature in the the Sun. This planet was named Ceres; and upper, although the relative position of the large cylinder is 480 degrees higher than since that period three others have been found that in the small one. Now, if 10 cubic-Pallas, Juno, and Vesta-all of which have To use this instrument, the valve box must feet of air of the density of 100 be admitted their orbits so near each other as to lead astrobe held in nearly a vertical direction. A into that of 50, it will expand till it becomes nomers to believe that these are the fragments long flexible tube being passed into the sto- of the same density as that into which it is of a larger planet, which had been shattered mach, is attached to one of the short conical admitted, and occupy nearly 20 cubic feet; shock of a comet.-[London paper.] into pieces by some internal explosion, or the tubes, say the upper, and a short tube leading and when reduced 480 degrees in tempe. to a basin is then fastened to the lower one.rature, will yet occupy 10 feet. While FAMILY ALBUM.-We were not long since The basin being filled with warm water, and the large cylinder admits 10 feet of the informed of a practice observed in the family the syringe put in action, the water will pass density of 100, the small one takes out of an excellent widowed lady of this city, into the stomach and dilute the poison. 5 feet of the density of 50, which, though which must be of great utility to her children, When enough has passed in, the syringe is expanded by the heat, would only fill 10 feet and which we venture to recommend to the to be turned in the hand, so as to bring the of the density of 50; but being admitted readers of our paper. A folio, if we mistake tube down which was before above, without into the black part, where the pressure and each member of the family is required to put not, is provided as a place of deposit, into which taking off the flexible tubes, or changing density is 100, it will become of the same once a week a piece of written composition, them in any way, and the syringe again put density, and, of course, occupy but 5 feet.upon any subject that may suggest itself to into action. The water will be pumped out If the case be as I have stated, the corres- the mind of the writer. Saturday evening the of the stomach, bringing the poison along ponding portions of the two bodies of air budget is opened and each piece read, criticised, in the black and white parts will soon be and amended, in the presence of the family. It is brought to the same density by a few strokes impossible to calculate the advantage to be deof the engine, and (according to the derived from such a practice, by establishing in early life habits of investigation, and mental scription) the difference of density consti-improvement. The mother who thus educates tutes the motive power. Will you, or some her children, may sanguinely anticipate a maof your correspondents, please explain this turity of usefulness and respectability. Dedifficulty. Yours, &c. with it. The following are the chief advantages of this instrument. It is perfectly simple in its construction, and not liable to get out of order. The directions for its use are easily understood, aud as easily remembered. After the flexible tubes are once adjusted, no alteration is required until the operation is finished. G. K. O. DR. MAJENDIE'S OBSERVATIONS RESPECTING THE PULSE-Majendie has given a scale of When the instrument is once put in action,the pulse, which shows that the difference in rading profligacy and low vice can have little to tempt a mind thus early shielded by lessons of purity, domestic happiness, and pleasant fire side instruction. Give your children an early love for books, refine their taste by bells for houses and hotels. Heretofore there These have been numbered to indicate the the young wood, until the blossoms are in works of art, set them an example of religious or six blossoms in each, according to the size if generally adopted, would insure important excellence, of correct manners, and endeavor of the corymb; always preferring to leave the results. We know an instance of a large to make the domestic hearth always attractive, flowers which have the stoutest stalks, and apple orchard, the property of a commercial and you bar up all the great avenues to immo- those which are nearest the centre. This ope- gardener in Kent, in which a knife has never rality. [Portland Courier.] ration has the effect of diverting the sap to the been used: every thing is effected by disbudflowers which remain, and gives them suffi- ding, and pinching out young wood with the INGENIOUS CONTRIVANCE.-I wish, through in each umbel; which will prove a sufficient scientific gardener; and he adopted the above cient strength to set from one to three fruits finger and thumb. The proprietor is not a the medium of the Centinel and Palladiuin, to notice a neat and economical improvement Another mode, less tedious than the above, is from his own observation and experience, to crop, and well repay the labor bestowed. practice from no particular theory, but simply made by Mr. Currier, of this city, respecting also practised here, with success, on young save labor, and to insure good crops of large trees. It consists in deferring that part of the fruit. We hope to see his orchard next sumhave been separate bells for each apartment. pruning of them which is termed shortening mer, and to report on it.-[Loudon's Mag.] apartment where an attendant was wanted. In about the same state as is described in the large establishments numerous bells are necesUVEDALE'S ST. GERMAIN PEAR.-A fine sary, and these are costly, and sometimes not above directions for thinning, and then shortspecimen of this pear has been sent us by Dr. This useful if the bell had ceased to sound before itening them back to the required length. Hamilton of Plymouth: its dimensions are, In the invention a single bell is also checks the progress of the sap, and enwas looked at. ables the tree to set fruit very freely. I am for the longitudinal diameter; and its weight 13 inches for the transverse, and 16 inches sufficient for the largest hotel. The wire from each apartment, while it rings this common that is almost impracticable on a large scale; aware that my plan is a tedious one, and one is 1lb. 11 oz. The tree from which these bell, communicates motion to a suspended ball but it is decidedly an excellent plan for dwarf pears were gathered has, in former years, proover an appropriate number, and its long conduced fruit of a considerably larger size, and tinued vibrations give, without fail, and within the quenouille mode, against walls, or as trees in gardens, whether they are cultivated in much greater abundance, than in the present season, and five years since a pear was expense is comparatively trifling.-[Boston reach of the hand, of a pair of steps, or of a William Hamilton. 15 Oxford Place, "Plyespaliers; as these trees come within the gathered from it which weighed above 23 lbs. mouth, Nov. 14, 1833." out noise, the inforination that is desired. The Centinel.J AGRICULTURE, &c. ladder. In the hope that these remarks may, SECURING A CROP OF FRUIT ON PEAR TREES. BERNARD SAUNDERS. -Take a pair of scissors (such as are used in Nursery, Island of Jersey, Dec. 6, 1833. thinning grapes), and go over the corymbs of We recommend the above article to the flowers, or rather of flower-buds, as soon as particular attention of young gardeners. The they are sufficiently elongated to allow the system of disbudding advised in the preceding points of the scissors to pass between them paper by Mr. Callow, and that of thinning out (that is, some days before the blossoms are blossoms suggested in the above paper by Mr. expanded), and thin them; leaving only five Saunders, are applicable to all fruit trees, and, 66 CARROTS FOR LIVE STOCK.-The Altrincham carrot, grown in rows 18 inches apart, and the carrots at the same distance from each other in the rows, the roots attaining the thickness of a man's thigh, and the length of three feet, with a vigorously growing top, for feeding cows or other cattle.-[Loudon's Magazine.] [The seeds of these carrots are for sale by H. Huxley & Co., 81 Barclay street.] Description and Drawing of Beecher's Porta-volutions per minute. The power being ob-driving wheel; C, nine-inch pinions; E, ble Horse Power. By the INVENTOR. tained by a revolving lever on a smooth sur-line shaft; and F, band wheel. [For the New-York Farmer and American face, it is not liable to break by sudden im- This horse power may be seen in the yard Gardener's Magazine.] petus, or stoppage. It requires no frame or of the Railroad House, 98 Barclay street, This power is applicable to all purposes building, but is simply fastened to the ground New-York. The right to territory may be where speed is necessary, particularly to or floor. The lever may be increased in obtained of the inventor at the above place. thrashing, grinding, turning, and sawing. Its length without diminishing the speed. It Machines of one, two, three, or four horse superiority consists in the simplicity of the may be removed and erected in three hours' power furnished to order at 60, 75, 90, gear, only two wheels of 23 and 30 inches, time. It can be placed in a back yard or 100 dollars. with pinions of 9 and 6 inches, are necessa. cellar, and it makes no jarring in the building. A portable cider mill and press to be seen ry to get a speed of two to three hundred re. REFERENCES,A, revolving lever; B, as above. and Drills, No. 2, being those from which the blossoms were plucked when in full flower, contained 27 bolls 3 bushels. [To the author of the following Report, the||must speedily have been converted into sheep blossoms were plucked in the bud, contained result of five years' practical experience, the pasture, but for the introduction of bone-ma- 30 bolls 2 bushels. thanks of the Society and the honorary Silver nure. Medal were voted by the Directors.] Note. For the last four years, 25 bushels or Report on the Value of Bone-Manure, in com-bone-dust have been given to the acre; the price parison with ordinary Farm-Yard Manure. this year was 3s per bushel, or £2 15s per acre. By the Honorable Captain W. OGILVY, Airlie Castle. RAY. The experiment was made according to the plan laid down by the Highland Society in their list of premiums for 1833. Drills, No. 3, being those upon which the fruit was allowed to ripen, contained 26 bolls. [The honorary Silver Medal having been of The superiority, therefore, of No. 1 over No. fered as a premium for the best account of ex-2, was 2 bolls 5 bushels; over No. 3, was 4 Mr. Watson, of Keilor, introduced the use of periments made, to ascertain what advantage||bolls 3 bushels; and of No. 2 over No. 3, was 1 bone manure into Strathmore, having seen it may be derived from plucking off the flowers boll 2 bushels. used in England. I am not certain in what of the Potato, it was adjudged to the author of From the above experiment it would appear, year he began to make experiments with it, or the following Report.] that the potato crop had been improved by to employ it extensively, but I remember well Report of an Experiment ̧made at Aberdona, to having the blossoms plucked off, and that acthat the great deficiency of farm-yard dung in ascertain the Benefit resulting from the Re-cording to the period at which it had been done, 1827 (consequent on the almost total failure of At the same time, the difference is perhaps not moval of Potato-Blossoms. BY JAMES MUR- much more than would be counter-balanced by the crop of the previous year) first induced me to try 4 acres of turnip without other manure, the additional trouble given in taking up the sown with 15 bushels of bone-dust per acre, crops; for, although regulated as well as poswhich I obtained from Mr. Watson: it cost 3s. sibly could be done, still it could not be taken per bushel, or £2 5s. per acre. The crop of up in nearly the time in which it would have turnip on these four acres was at least equal to The quality of the soil was not the best been done, had the drills been resorted to indis. the rest raised with farm-yard manure; but as adapted for a very successful potato crop, but criminately. the whole of the turnips were pulled, and the as I did not think of making the experiment The quality of the potato is remarkably good, land received some dung before the succeeding until after the ground had been sown, I had no it is of a mealy nature, and an uncommonly crop, much stress cannot be laid on the circum-alternative left me. At the same time, I believe good keeper. We were using them last year stance of the following white crop and grass that an experiment of this nature, although made here, in preference to early potatoes. Aberdobeing good. upon a crop raised in soil not peculiarly well na, Alloa, November, 1833.-[Transactions of Next year, 1828, encouraged by the former adapted for its culture, will be quite as satisfac- the Highland Society of Scotland.] successful experiment, eight acres were sown tory in determining the advantages or disadwith turnip, solely with bone-dust; the soil avantages of it, as one made upon a more conlight sandy loam; the subsoil gravel and sand, genial soil. The soil consisted throughout the coming in some places nearly to the surface, two acres upon which the potatoes had been which is very irregular, but in general has a sown, of a shallow loam, upon a bed of what is south exposure. This field had been broken generally called till. The field had been well up with a crop of oats in 1827, after having been drained, but like every other field of the same depastured six years, principally by sheep. The nature of soil, (unless where Mr. Smith of quantity of bone-dust given was 20 bushels per Deanston's trenching plough may have been acre, and cost 2s. 6d. per bushel, or £2 10s. per used,) continues in what may be called a cold, acre. The turnip-crop was so heavy, that, not- damp state, and therefore an enemy to the withstanding the very light nature of the soil, tato. it was judged advisable to pull one-third for the The variety of the potato sown was one ments: feeding cattle, two drills pulled, and four left to which had been brought from Ireland some be eaten on the ground by sheep. The follow-years ago by a gentleman of this neighborhood, ments, consisting of several pieces, are deSeveral complicated transplanting instruing year, 1829, these eight acres were sown and is called the red potato in this neighbor-scribed in the books, but I believe that one with barley and grass-seeds, and the produce hood. which I made and used last summer will be po The TRANSPLANTING IMPLEMENTS.-Many farmers and gardeners prefer transplanting some field and garden crops, for various reasons, particularly on account of the greater certainty and yield of the crops. Turnips, which are so liable to be cut off by insects, and by turkies, are, by transplanting, rendered as certain as most other field crops. In the New-England Farmer we find the subjoined notice of simple imple was 57 bolls 1 bushel, or 7 bolls 1 bushel nearly I divided the whole field into parts of three found to answer almost every purpose. It conper acre, of grain, equal in quality to the best drills each, and having explained what I wished sists of a simple cylinder of tin plate, equal in the Dundee market, both in weight and co-to be done to a few children of from nine to throughout, the top edge being turned over so lor. Next year, a fair crop of hay for that de-twelve years old, previous to the appearance of as not to cut the hand. They may be made of scription of land was cut, about 150 stones an any blossoms, they never allowed a day to any size, but the best for ordinary purposes are acre; and though I am now convinced that the elapse, without looking after their charge, and about 8 or 10 inches high, and 4 or 5 in diafield should rather have been depastured the no sooner had a blossom begun to appear, (or meter. It is placed over the young plant about first year, yet the pasture was better than it in bud,) upon No. 1 of each part, than it was had ever been known before for the two follow-certain to be immediately plucked off. to be removed, and pushed down a few inches ing seasons, 1831 and 1832. It is worthy of other two drills of each part remained un-roots; it is then taken up, bringing the earth into the soil, nearly or quite to the bottom of the remark, as a proof of the efficacy of the bone-touched until the blossoms upon No. 2 seemed and plant with it. Being then carried to the manure, that in a small angle of this field, in to be fully expanded, when they were also place where it is wished to set the plant, and the which I had permitted a cottager to plant pota-plucked off, while No. 3 was allowed to ripen hole being previously made to receive it, it is toes, well dunged, and which, after their reno-its fruit. By arranging the drills in this manset in the hole, and a few strokes from the digval, was included in one of the flakings of the ner, I could depend on being more correct in sheep, and had (one might have supposed) plant erect in its place, with all the earth in a ger on the outside loosens it, and leaves the thereby had at least equal advantage with the circular mass about it, when the transplanter is adjacent bone-dust turnip-land, both the barley removed. The ease and neatness with which and grass crops were evidently inferior, and the operation is performed is very striking. A this continued to be observable until the field plant may be kept in the transplanter for several days uninjured, and carried to almost any listance. I have sent to Mr. Barrett three transplanters of different sizes, which will perhaps explain themselves better than my description. is yet thrashed. having the soil of each of the drills of each part The preceding part of the experiment was acquainted with the management of a farm, of The quantity of potatoes which each car Ipswich, April 8, 1834. WILLIAM OAKES. Since the above notice we have been introluced to another implement for the same purpose, invented by a Mr. Smith, and which is for sale at the Boston Agricultural Warehouse. plant and the earth in which it grew, except a This machine is so fitted with a moveable slantportion of soil attached to the roots, is cut off at the bottom as well as the sides, by which means, of the plant, and a quantity of attached soil in on withdrawing the implement, the extraction which it grew, is rendered certain. ng side, that the communication between the LOCUSTS.-According to the prevailing notion, these insects are to return this season, being the 17th year since their former appear. Drills, No. 1, being those from which thellance. |