AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT No. 35 WALL STREET, NEW-YORK, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. D. K. MINOR, EDITOR.] CONTENTS: .322 Railroad Map; Internal Improvements in Canada; Au- Literary Notices... Summary-Domestic and Foreign. 326 .327 SATURDAY, MAY 31, 1834. condition of, and amount of business done on, BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE RAILROAD.-We 325 have been favored with a copy of the charter granted by the Rhode Island Legislature, at their 328 late Session, for the continuance of this Road 331 from its termination at the Massachusetts' Line 335 to tide water in Providence. The company, .336 although for a time kept in suspense, have, as will be seen by the following extract from the charter, very little cause to complain. The charter is a very liberal one. AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, &c. NEW-YORK, MAY 31, 1834. [VOLUME III.-No. 21. The railroad between Buffalo and Black Rock, in the State of New-York, has been finished in part, and the cars have commenced running on the Buffalo end of the route. At the Black Rock end, a line of stages conveys passengers to the Falls. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS IN CANADA.-We publish to-day an account of two contemplated works of improvement in Canada, which, when completed, will afford great facilities to the inhabitants of the upper province. The first is for a canal from Port Hope, on Lake Ontario, to Rice Lake, and probably to Lake Simcoe, from which there is a water communication with George's Bay and Lake Huron. The other, a railroad from Ancaster, at the extreme "And the said Corporation are hereby au- west end of Lake Ontario, to the town of Lon. RAILROAD MAP.-We have again to ask the thorized and empowered to locate, construct indulgence of those who have subscribed for and finally complete a Railroad in such man- don, on the river Thames, and probably to Lake the Railroad Map. We were obliged, even af net and form as they shall deem most expedi- Huron. These are works of great importance ter it was nearly ready, to have it re-engraved, ent, commencing at the dividing line between to Canada. It will be seen, by a glance at the this State and the State of Massachusetts, and map, that these works, if completed, taken in which of course has very much retarded its ap- at that point which shall intersect and connect pearance. It will, however, be far more com- with the railroad now being constructed by the conjunction with the improvement of the St. plete than at first contemplated, as there will Boston and Providence Railroad Corporation, Lawrence, now in contemplation for steamboat accompany it a concise description of the most from the city of Boston in said State of Massa-and sloop navigation, will divert much of the important railroads and canals, compiled from and from this dividing line as aforesaid passing that they will be completed, we have little chusetts, towards the State of Rhode Island; business now done upon the Erie Canal-and the best sources within our reach, which will into the State of Rhode Island to tide water in render it far more useful to those who desire to the city of Providence, in such place or places doubt. see at a glance the numerous works of the kind as may be deemed most convenient for said What, then, ought New-York to do to retain now constructed, constructing, and in contem- company, and with such lateral branches of her share of the business? She ought, and said road to any part of the waters of Narra-must, construct a sloop and steamboat canal plation. gansett Bay, or to any villages or factories as from Oswego to the Hudson. That, and only the said company shall deem expedient, provided the same do not interfere with the privile. that, will secure her just proportion of the buges heretofore granted to any other railroad siness. company." It will be forwarded as soon as completed to those who have ordered it. It is desired that those who wish it, but have not ordered it, will let us know at an early period, that all those for a distance may be forwarded at the same time. Twelve miles of the road commencing at AUGUSTA AND ATHENS (GA.) RAILROAD.It comprises all that section of the U. States Boston are completed, and will be opened for The continuation of the South Carolina Railand Canada in which there are any works of use on Tuesday next, the 3d of June. For the road to Athens, (Ga.), or rather the construcinternal improvement. And in order that the purpose of witnessing this event the directors tion of the Augusta and Athens Railroad, which, account to accompany the map may be as com- will assemble in Providence, and on Monday we hope, will soon be commenced, will constiplete as possible, we desire that a short state-pass along the line towards Boston, with such tute another very important link in the great ment may be forwarded to us at the earliest gentlemen as desire to examine the route, and line to the Mississippi River, for short of that possible period, by the engineer, president, or witness its state of forwardness; and on Tues-point it certainly will not be terminated. agent of each company now constructing, or day they purpose an excursion in their passenpreparing to construct, any work of the kind within the limits of our map. It will cause them very little labor, yet confer upon us a The Agent and Engineer will please accept great favor; and we in our turn will endeavor our thanks for his polite invitation to be one of to reciprocate their kindness. the party. It would afford us great pleasure, We also ask for a statement of the present but other engagements will probably prevent. ger cars, with a locomotive engine, on that part POSTS.-The Maine Farmer states that Mr. North, of Augusta, several years ago, set two the other butt-end down. Both were equally posts near the river. One was butt-end up sound when put into the ground, and now the one with butt-end up is sound and good, while the other is decayed. Mr. Maingy commenced his survey about the middle of December last. The object was to ascertain the cheapest and most direct route from Rice Lake to Ontario. The CANAL FROM RICE LAKE TO LAKE ONTARIO.||inarked A, (see plan,) to build a dam of such of the Wharf Company's Land. In this sec-The following is an outline containing the dimensions, that it will not only resist the tion there will unavoidably be some rock excamost essential features of a Report to His Ex- effects of frost, but also serve the purpose as a vation, also some embanking, and five locks, cellency Sir John Colborne, on the practicabi- road. An embankment to confine the water one of five feet and four of ten feet lift. lity of connecting Rice Lake with Lake Onta- from drowning too much land will be required The whole distance, from Orton's Creek, in rio, by a Canal through Port Hope, by Mr. R. on the north side of the ravine, unless the land Rice Lake, to the Wharf, at Port Hope, is 14 A. Maingy, Civil Engineer. which is of no value can be procured in gift, miles, within a fraction, and the difference of (which is not improbable, from the auxiety of level between the two lakes is 361 feet, and 32 the different holders of land along the route of hundredth parts of a foot, as per annexed estiCanal, to see it go into immediate operation,) mate, which has been carefully made. The in which case a saving of £2,005 Os. 6d. may be amount required for completing the communiA very formidable difficulty presents itself effected in this section, to provide against cation, will be £101,535 15s. 6d. within a few yards of Rice Lake, in a high||floods, as also to carry off the overplus water, The ultimate success of any measure for faridge of land stretching in an East and West it will be requisite to construct a waste wier in cilitating the communication of the Rice Lake direction from near the mouth of the river the dam, and two along the embankment; the with Lake Ontario, depends wholly upon its Trent, quite through the country, into the former will be very valuable for any hydraulic connection with an accessible harbor. State of Ohio, rising from a few yards to many establishment, and would, in the course of a reporter considers that he has sufficiently inhundred feet above the level of the waters in few years, more than pay the expense of erect- formed himself of the localities of the shores of Rice Lake. It being necessary to procure a ing the dam, &c., as also keeping it in repair. Lake Ontario, to be able to say with confidence sufficient supply of water from the Lake to feed In the next section, running in a southerly di- that Port Hope, from its position, is not only the Canal for the first three miles-this barrier rection through Mr. Trotter's land, being much the natural, but the most accessible, point of appeared at first sight as an insurmountable ob- above the level, there will be some extra excava- communication to the chain of navigable lakes stacle to the undertaking; but, by persevering ting, and, as per annexed estimate, the amount by which this section of country is every where in his researches, discovered a natural passage required to complete it will be £4,758 78. 4d. intersected. Its natural disadvantages are very or ravine through it, well calculated to assist The section commencing near Mr. Riddle's few, and capable of being greatly improved; the in passing through this formidable ridge; al-land, follows the same direction as the last, to harbor, when completed, (which it will be this though its adoption will occasion the route of its termination in the centre of Mr. Seaton's summer,) will be one of the safest and most Canal to be more circuitous than could be clearing-in this mile nine locks, of ten feet convenient ones between this and Quebec, and wished, from its being necessary to follow the lift each, will be necessary. Smith's stream is capable of sheltering any number of ships that ravines the whole distance to Port Hope-still frequently crossed in this and the two following are likely at any time to be found on these wait is the only chance there is of bringing the wa- sections, but no culverts will be required, as||ters. ters of Rice Lake down to Port Hope. its course can readily be changed, until such As no natural intercourse, however perfect, Mr. Maingy's attention was next directed to time as the work be completed, when it is in- if comparatively distant and prolonged, can be the choice of a place at which the Canal should tended to admit it into the Canal,-the cost of of much benefit to the district from whence it commence at the Rice Lake, and Orton's Creek this section, as per detailed estimate, will be proceeds, so neither will a communication, has been determined on, on account of an ex- £4,533 6s. The next mile, which is somewhat||however short, be of much utility, if it does not cellent harbor and many other advantages. winding, commencing in the 9th lot of the 6th||possess a proper outlet for the produce of the The proposed dimensions of the Caual are concession, follows the before mentioned creek country at some convenient harbor. twenty-two feet broad at bottom, with a slope in the 7th lot, then turns back with a gradual That the position of Port Hope is particularof one foot and a half horizontal to a foot per- bend into the 10th lot, back again into the 8thly favorable for the termination of such a work, pendicular, and four feet depth of water, with lot of the 5th concession, and terminates at must appear evident to every partial observer; locks seventy feet long, by fourteen feet broad, Messrs. Boen and Coy's mill pond. In this it is not only the shortest possible distance from and in general ten feet lift. It is also proposed, section 6 locks, of 10 feet lift each, will be ne-Lake Ontario to Rice Lake, possessing a safe in consequence of the very great distance fromcessary-cost of this mile £3,306 19s. and commodious harbor, but its eminences the intended line of Canal, at which proper The 8th section, terminating at said mill dam, present every facility for defence in case of building stone can be procured, that the locks will cost but little, it being intended to make use war; and the communication from Lake Ontashould be built of wood, which, if properly con- of the pond, as being a canal already formed rio to Rice Lake up to Lake Simcoe, can by this structed at first, will, with occasional repairs, by raising the present mill dan from 5 to 15 route be completed for a sum not greater than last from fifteen to twenty years, and be equally feet, it will drown the ravine as far back as is necessary merely to open the navigation as useful as those of stone, the interest on the Fye's clearing, the termination of the last sec- from the mouth of the Trent to Rice Lake. difference of expense between them will more tion, and afford more than sufficient depth of These are facts that cannot be refuted, and than repay the cost of maintaining them in re-water for the navigation, at the small cost of which the reporter sincerely hopes will induce pairs, and should it ever be contemplated to in- £370, and at the same time serve as a reservoir its being adopted and undertaken by the procrease the dimensions of the Canal, those built for supplying the locks, and by raising the wa- vince in lieu of the round-about and expensive of wood can be readily removed. ter on a level with a small ravine, through||route by the Trent. The route of Canal follows the natural pas- which it is intended to leave the pond; much An estimate follows the report, which it is sage before mentioned, in a southerly direction; extra cutting will be saved in the next section not necessary we should particularize; it is after crossing the Cobourg Road, the land rises which, commencing at this point, continues in sufficient to say that it amounts to £101,426 68. very rapidly until it arrives at the summit of a south-east direction through the lands of 6d. currency. the ridge, distant from the Lake one mile and a||Messrs. Jamieson and Quay, and by six locks, quarter, and 63 feet and 15th-hundred part of a (one of five feet, and five of ten feet lift,) de- LONDON AND ONTARIO RAILRO AD.-We per foot above its level; on the north and south sides scends into Bedford's Creek, which turns its ceive, by the True Patriot, that the first meetof which summit, (at a few yards asunder,) two direction to the south. The cost of completing ing of the friends of the London and Gore Railsprings take their rise, one sending its overplus this mile, (in which there is some extra cutting road was held in London on the 7th ult and we water into Rice Lake, through Orton's Creek, in passing from the mill to the creek,) as per rejoice to find that stock to the amount of 400 or the other running south from the head of annexed estimate, will be £5,284 3s. 6d. The 500 shares was taken up before the meeting Howe's Creek, and discharges itself into Lake 10th section continues still to following the adjourned. A committee to select subseripOntario. Both are, however, very insignificant course of the same creek, which is admirably tions along the line of the contemplated road from this point the route continues in nearly adapted for damming, (its banks being very was appointed, and stock books placed in their straight direction, until it crosses the Cavan steep, and not more than eighty feet asunder,) hands, or transmitted by mail to such gentleRoad, at the corner of Howe's Inn, and enters a were it not for the rapid fall of the land, which men of the committee as were not at the meetravine running in a due west direction to will require four locks of ten feet lift cach, and ing. The Act requires that stock to the Moon's clearing, the termination of the first cost, agreeably to the annexed estimate, £2,527 amount of £25,000 be taken up, before the section, and three miles distant from the place 178. From this last section, following the same company can be completely organized; and it of starting-the fall of the land from the sum-creek to the termination of the 11th section, at appears by a letter received this day, by E. A. mit is very rapid until at Moon's, where the John Brown, Esq.'s mill pond, two locks, of ten Talbot, Esq., from the Secretary of the Comroute is once more level with the waters of the feet lift each, will be necessary, and the cost of mittee at London, that there is no doubt of that Lake. The expense of this section will be very completing it will be £1,754 3s. 6d. 12th and sum being subscribed by persons possessing progreat, in consequence of the great depth of cut- 13th sections, commencing at the, mill pond, erty on the line of the intended road. We have ting, no less than £63,495 14, as per annexed which it is intended, by the formation of a tow-heretofore avoided making any allusion to the act estimate. A guard gate at the head of the lake path along its bank, and clearing it of its stumps, of Incorporation of the London and Gore Comwill be required to protect the Canal against &c., to use, as part of the Canal, terminates in pany, solely because we felt apprehensive that spring and fall floods, that otherwise would have John D. Smith's property, near the stone quar- the undertaking of such magnitude was beyond a tendency to obstruct the navigation, as also tory. One lock, of ten feet lift, will be required the means of the persons most interested in shut out the supply of water in case of any ac- to descend into, and two locks, (one of five and carrying it into effect; and friendly as we have cident occurring along the line of Canal. The one of ten feet lift,) to descend out of the pond. ever been to public improvement, and highly next section continues in the same direction for The expense of this section will be £2,012 15s. appreciating the zeal of the gentleman to whose a mile, and then turns to the south. The land 6d. The 14th and last section runs on the east management the procuring of the charter was being considerably below level, and being well side of Smith's Creek, and passing in front of committed, we were unwilling to throw any adapted for damming, it is proposed, at the point the post office, terminates at the boundary line obstacle in his success in so important an a undertaking. When it is considered that every astriking proof of its good qualities, in see-ces them; it partakes of the opaline blue, landholder within ten miles of the intended road ing a field-piece upset in the course of a which renders the color slightly carmine, must be greatly benefitted by its completion, charge over some rocky ground, and dragged and tinges sometimes the lips of sanguine and that the produce of the finest and most fersome yards on its back, until it again right- people of a purple or violet hue. tile part of the country of America must, in a few years, be of little value unless some such ed, without any thing appearing to have Thus, the difference which may exist in improvement is effected, we are not at all sur- given way; in such cases, when the wheel the size of the blood vessels, and in their prised to hear that the farmers are coming for- fails, the butts are all left firmly seated in proximity to the surface, is sufficient to proward to take stock, solely under the influence their place, and the spokes break off near to duce all the shades of blue, violet, red and of an impression that, should the business on the edges of the flanges. purple, which are seen in the human face, by the roads make no return in the way of tolls, I observe you have an Indian correspond- the mixture of the opaline blue of the skin their lands would increase in value to such an ent, who occasionally gives you descrip-with the red of the blood. extent as fully to justify the investment of tions of tools and practices in use among the The red color of the blood is not the cause whatever capital they may possess. The sum native workmen. of £100,000 is said to be amply sufficient to He has omitted to notice of the blue tinge of the veins; it might be If a make an excellent iron or wooden railroad from one which may be made useful in this coun-black or green without occasioning any London to Hamilton, or Dundas, and if any try: the saw of an Indian workman always change; it is enough that the coloring prinfarmer whose land would be increased in value cuts in the pull, and not in the push; by this ciple absorbs all the light transmitted by the 50 per cent. by the completion of so magnificent means a thin bladed saw may be made to do skin. This result may be artificially proan undertaking, was to take up two shares, the work of a strong one, as no application duced by a very thin plate of ivory, which which for the most would only subject him for two years to a quarterly payment of £3 2s. 6d. it of strength in pulling will cause it to buckle. has nearly the same effect as the skin. would be unnecessary to open a stock beyond If small saws, such as key-hole saws, were few drops of ivory black, prussian blue, cothe line of the intended road. Should the Com-formed to cut by the pull, they would not be chineal, or bile, sufficiently dense to be pany succeed, (as we hope sincerely they will,) so liable to break as they are at present; and pake, be placed on one of its surfaces, they in making the road from the head of the Lake to if saws for pruning fruit trees were so made, produce alike a blue tint on the opposite surLondon, there can be no doubt of its being con- they might be fixed to the ends of long poles face, because they equally absorb all the light tinued to the navigable waters of the Thames, or and worked from the ground, without requir- transmitted by the ivory. But if, instead of of its being one of the most profitable investments ing the use of a ladder. The common hand-a coloring matter which absorbs light, we of capital in this country. A single glance of Samuel Taylor's new map, on which the intended saw in India is from 14 to 18 inches long, use an opake reflecting coloring substance, line of the road is marked, and the extensive with a handle like that of a duelling pistol. we have a tint compounded of opaline blue region bordering on Canada, west of the St. If you have the means of communicating and that of the color employed. Clair, will be sufficient to show that in the with your Bombay correspondent, you should The red oxide of lead placed on the ivory event of its continuance either to the navigable ask him to get you an account of the pro- gives on the opposite surface a slight tinge of waters of the Thames, or to the south-western cesses followed by the lapidaries of the carmine. Some painters avail themselves extremity of Lake Huron, the Company must north-west of India, where they make cups of this property of ivory, in sketching the derive all the benefit of the extensive carrying and other things of agates, at so cheap a cheeks and lips of their portraits, by placing trade and travel now going on between the eastern and western States of the Union.-[To- rate, and yet so much cut, that they must a coat of minium on the opposite surface, ronto Courier.] have some expeditious methods which may and thus obtain indirectly the effect of a be useful here if known. slight use of carmine. Wedge Wheels-Indian Arts and Manufac tures. By JOHN ROBISON. [From the London Mechanics' Magazine.] SIR,-In the Mechanics' Magazine for I am, sir, your very obedient servant, 9 Atholl Crescent, Edinburgh, March 14, 1834. But if, instead of minium, Naples yellow be put on, there is on the opposite surface a green spot. In both these cases, then, the opaline blue is mingled with the proper tint of the opake reflecting color, while the blue the light transmitted by the ivory. April there is an article entitled "Hancock's On the Color of the Air and of Deep Waters, alone appears when the applied color absorbs and on some other Analogous Fugitive Co- (Continued from page 308.) Having considered the opaline property of The mixing of colors in oil painting furnishes still more evidently an opaline blue. The most common case is the mixture of white with vegetable black, which produces a bluish shade. Various writers have ad verted to this, and as indigo and prussian ruse and charcoal ground in oil, the other by charcoal, so that they may both have the same superadding to a coat of white a glazing of depth of shade; the first will be bluish, the second grey, without a mixture of blue. Wedge Wheels," in which, although no direct claim of novelty of invention is made by your correspondent, most readers will be led to infer that the construction of the wheel is new, and the invention of Mr. Hancock. I beg, therefore, to state that as far back as the year 1811, I had wheels with the spokes and naves of the same identical construc-air and water, let us now examine the pro-blue, in mass, approximate to black, it was tion, made at Hyderabad, for some artillery duction of opaline blue in opake bodies. carriages. I had a pair made at the same The cause of the blue tint assumed by the thought in former days that blue was a mixtime for a curricle, in which the nave was fine skin which covers the veins has hitherto duced on this occasion belongs exclusively ture of light and shade; but the blue profixed on the axle by double nuts and an oil-been a doubtful question. This phenome-to white and not to black, as is proved by tight cup, like Collinge's patent. In the non, which is uniformly connected with the the following process: two plates are paintputting together of these wheels, I used a opaline property of the skin, is mentioned ed of a grey color, one by a mixture of ceprecaution which appears to have escaped by Leonard De Vinci; let us first see the your correspondent. I made the butts of conditions under which it exists. the spokes a little too full to admit of their First, the vein must be deep enough to touching the metal box, leaving a vacuity or absorb all the light transmitted by the skin; near an eighth of an inch between them; a and the skin must have the thinness requicorresponding opening was left at the joints site to transmit a great portion of the light. of the felloes, and the consequence was that If the vein is thin, it reflects the color of the wholly the color which they have in a pulon the tire hoop being put on, its contraction blood and becomes red;* this color, mixing verulent state, and thus in mass approach to forced the spokes home to the box, and with the opaline blue of the skin, forms those black, the mixture of them with white prowedged them so hard together at the shoul-violaceous tints observable on the counte- duces also opaline blue, which modifies the der, that, even in the hot climate of India, Inances of persons of dark complexion (brou-natural shade of the color. never observed a spoke become loose by ille). If the vein is still thinner and nearer shrinking; it need hardly be said, that the the epidermis, the transparency of the skin ence there is between the color of a mixture Every painter knows the striking differbolt-holes in the butts of the spokes require increases and the red color is more distinct of cochineal lacker with white, and that to be made of an oval form, to admit of the finally, a tissue of imperceptible veins, very which the same lacker produces as a thin contraction taking place without bending the near the surface of the skin, colors the coating upon a white ground; the first is of found it better to have the holes of the inner complexion, with a uniform red; but we rity and splendor which is characteristic of bolts. My naves were of gun-metal, and I cheeks and lips of young people of a fine coating upon a white ground; the first is of a violet color, and the second has all the puflanch tapped, than to have nuts on the bolts. may observe that these beautiful colors have this fine color. Thus artists, who wish to ob. A construction very analogous to this has not the exact tint of the blood which produ-tain the beautiful red of cochineal or madder long been in use in the Madras Artillery, in in their draperies, always employ these lackwhich service I have always understood that *It is thus that a wide barometer tube, filled with cogave every satisfaction. I once witnessed under like circumstances, is of a beautiful purple. lored wine, appears black, while a thin thermometer tube, ers in mixture (en glacis). Opake reflectling colors, such as Naples yellow, chromate it As transparent colors in oil lose almost of lead, yellow ochre, produco, as well as white lead, opaline blue, by a mixture with black, and the effect is still more sensible. These compounds, according to theory, ought to give only shades of yellow; and yet their tints are decidedly green, so that they are often used for painting the deepest verdure, of landscapes. In these cases it is the opake reflecting color which is opaline. I have stated the most remarkable instances of the singular property which certain colors possess of producing opaline blue by mixture, but there is an infinite number of other modifications less apparent, resulting from mixtures of compound colors, which it would be impossible to describe, but which may always be pre-ascertained by the following rule: When white lead or opake reflecting colors are mixed with black, or with transparent colors, there is a production of blue, and a consequent modification of the primitive shade of the coloring matter. These modifications are often very slight, but they do not escape attentive observers. In the preceding observations I have described effects, well known, it is true, but which appear to have no analogy to each: other, and which appear to me to depend wholly on the peculiar property which the blue ray possesses of being reflected, in preference to other rays more or less refrangible, by the simple mechanical resistance of the molecules of bodies which transmit light. This resistance takes place in large masses of transparent fluids, as in air mixed with watery vapor, and in water mixed with air. It takes place also in opake bodies which are less transparent, but under smaller dimensions. Lastly, it is observed in white opake or colored bodies, as in the fine skin which covers the veins, and in mixtures of colors. refer those who may be desirous of further the height to which the water had flowed from its lowest ebb, which at a maximum on the British coast does not exceed sixteen feet, and they must now suspend their exertions till the end of nearly twelve hours. Plan for raising Vessels sunk in Deep Water. By Mr. JOHN MILNE, Teacher of Archi-sal. tectural and Mechanical Drawing, Edin- "I shall now describe the application of burgh. [From the London Mechanics' these air buoys,† to the raising of a vessel "Before that period arrives, however, a Magazine.] that has been sunk in deep water; but be- storm comes on, the workmen desist from SIR,-Having read in a recent number fore doing so, it may be proper to mention their operations, and it not unfrequently of your Magazine, that Dr. Hancock has the disadvantages attending the common happens, that before they can again comproposed the use of air as a power for rais-practice. At present we pass one or more mence their labors, the object of their toils ing goods, &c. from the bottom of the sea, chains round the wreck, and by means of has broken up, or has been imbedded in the I beg to forward to you a pamphlet of mine these chains suspend it by one, or between sand. published in 1828, which contains, among two floating vessels, a process which in deep "These inconveniences being obvious, I other plans, two on this very principle. They water is attended with much expense and propose the following methods. The place attracted some share of attention at the time uncertainty, because no sufficient power can of the wreck being ascertained by an imof publication, but neither of them has ever, be applied from the floating vessel to raise proved drag, which at present I shall not as far as I am aware, been carried into ac- the wreck at once to the surface. Moreo- describe, let her state be ascertained from a tual practice. Should you see cause, I shall ver, from the great weight of the wreck, diving bell, and let there also be sent down be glad to find that you have drawn the at-and from the manner of placing the chains with it a number of the before-mentioned tention of the public to this important but about it, they are liable to cut the timbers buoys, in a perfectly collapsed state; and let neglected subject. I am, respectfully, your of the ship, as in the case of the Comet the diving operator stow them away in that obedient servant, JOHN MILNE. steam-boat (see Narrative of the Loss of the condition below decks, also hooking on as The pamphlet obligingly forwarded to us till the lowest ebb of the tide, then, pulling sufficient to buoy it up when inflated; for Comet steamboat). The operators must wait many about the ship as shall collectively be by Mr. Milne, is entitled "Plans for the Floating Off of Stranded Vessels; and for securing them, the rising of the water acting tube, which is attached to a leathern pipe,* Floating Off of Stranded Vessels; and for up the ends of the suspending chains and their inflation let him insert a small copper raising those that have foundered; with an Improved Method of Carrying Vessels over the bottom; and while the tide rises, they graving, fig. A), which pipe, communicating upon the floating vessels, lifts the wreck from into the nozle of each of the buoys (see enBanks in Shallow Water." Of the two plans to which Mr. Milne more particularly until the suspended vessel again rests upon forced down into the steam-vesselt), will proceed with their load towards the land, with the air within the diving bell (air being invites our attention, one is adapted to the the bottom, by the water becoming less in also inject air into the buoys, if they be case of ships sunk near the shore, and the other to deep sea operations. Both are on depth. Hence, they cannot, during one held up, at the commencement of filling, a the same principle-both exceedingly ingeflowing tide, raise the sunk vessel more than little higher than the level of the water at nious, and, in our humble judgment, quite +"Leathern bags, well sewed and tanned or barked in practicable. We shall extract the author's the best manner"-"made nearly air-tight, and proof description of the first at length, and beg to manuscript note on this passage, in our copy of the pamphagainst the attacks of vermin." [p. 5.] Mr. Milne, in a let, says: "Open-mouthed vessels of tin-plate would be Author of the excellent " Practical View of the Steam preferable, to be inverted when in use, and packed into Engine." leach other when not in use."-[ED. L. M. M.] *This pipe should be sufficiently long to admit of the operator hooking on other buoys, while one bag is in the act of being filled with air. + To be stationed over the sunken ship, (as explained in a preceding section of the pamphlet,) and provided with an air-compressing pump and a common blowing pump.-[ED. L. M. M.] 66 I shall the mouth of the bell.* Or these envelopes having its lower end weighed down by a run out freely when necessary. This pump is may be speedily filled, by letting down a nose of metal, from which the air will also constructed, that by raising the brake clear number of metallic vessels, charged with ways be retained within the bags till its ex-up, the valves are opened, and the water passes off immediately out of the pump and pipe, thirty or more atmospheres, which being pansive force becomes more than the pres- which operation is necessary in cold weather discharged will quickly inflate them at the sure of water at the under orifice of this es-to prevent it from freezing. conveniency of the operator, by his turning cape-pipe. Indeed, the maximum expansive Manufactured by Scott, Keith & Co., East a common stop-cock, which, in either of force of air within its envelope may always Bridgewater, Mass., Patentees, and sold by H. these methods, is all he has to do. be known by the length of this pipe B. Such Huxley & Co. 81 Barclay street, New-York. Having, by one or other, or by both of an escape pipe must also be attached to Price, small size $8; large size $10. these methods, filled a sufficient number of each of the buoys employed in raising the THE THAMES TUNNEL.-The completion of buoys, the wreck will begin to rise whenev-wreck from the bottom of the sea. this great undertaking seems, if practicable, er the bags have displaced that bulk of wa- only remark, that it would not be necessary likely soon to be attempted, as several scientific ter which is equal to the weight of the wreck for these buoys to be absolutely air tight, and distinguished persons have lately visited it, while immersed in the same fluid. Let the because they may be kept sufficiently full and on Monday last Mr. Brunel received many weight to be raised from a depth of 65 feet by the method already pointed out. Nor of the members of the Royal Society to view it, be 300 tons avoirdupois, 672,000 lbs. would there be any chance of their bursting and conducted them to its extreme end, where 64 lbs., the medium weight of a cubic by their buoyant power, which could never tables were laid out, having drawings, &c., foot of sea water, = the buoyant effect of exceed the weight of their bulk, and they showing the whole progress of the work, the 10,500 cubic feet of air discharged from the would require to be just as strong as to be great difficulties that have already been overcome in carrying the tunnel 600 feet under the diving bell at that depth. capable of retaining water without bursting Thames, and the data upon which the engineer "But by using air previously compressed when filled with it, and suspended by their confidently anticipated being enabled to comto thirty atmospheres, and discharged at the hooks from a pin in the wall. I would also plete this bold undertaking, were the necessasame depth, and by allowing the capacity of propose the use of these buoys for floating ry funds supplied. Mr. Brunel, at consideraeach vessel so charged to be 24 feet, then the large stones which are used in forming ble length, detailed the exertions that have been 27† × 2 = 67 cubic feet of air discharged sea-fences or dykes; the stones are usually from one compressed vessel, x 64 lbs., the carted from low water mark, but the method buoyant effect of one foot of air in sea wa-here proposed would be less expensive." ter, 4,320 lbs. buoyant effect of air ori = ginally compressed into one vessel; but the used to overcome the difficulties arising from the irruption of the river, and stated that in the course of the work the miners had for twentyseven days pushed on the tunnel over a quicksand. The members of the Royal Society, after leaving the tunnel, proceeded to view the experimental arch constructed on a new plan by Mr. Brunel. The structure is built with bricks and Roman cement, and consists of two semiarches, springing from the same pier, without any support. By this plan an arch of the greatest span may be constructed without centering, and demonstrating, as the projector observed, the practicability of building a tower of brick-work 50 feet high, and 200 feet in diameter, and sinking the whole gradually in one mass. By this method it is intended to complete the circular and winding carriage ap. proaches to the tunnel. It may be interesting to observe that of the two semi-arches one is shorter than the other, and it has been loaded with about eleven tons of iron for the last nineteen months, without any sensible change in its position. The company, after expressing their high satisfaction at the novelty of the works of the tunnel, and the last invention, partook of a cold collation.-[English paper.] nese females, who devote their time to embroi MECHANICS IN CANTON.-There is no machinery, properly so called, in Canton. Much of the manufacturing business, required for the supply of commercial houses in the city, is CAST IRON PUMPS.-The following draw-done at a town situated at a short distance; still the amount of labor performed in Canton is very considerable. There are about 17,000 persons in Canton employed in silk weaving. The number of persons engaged in manufacturing different kinds of cloth is about 50,000. They occupy 2,500 shops, averaging usually twenty hands in each shop. Some of the Chidery, secure a profit of from twenty to twentyfive dollars per month. The number of shoemakers is more than 4,000. Those who work in wood, brass, iron, stone, and other materials, are numerous; and those who engage in each of these occupations form a distinct communiof their experiments made about 19 of these per minute; other end through the floor and sink, or where ty, and are governed by their own laws and refor which it can be shown by calculation, that four men you wish the pump to stand; then put the bot-gulations in their business. The barbers form would discharge from their lungs, in one hour, a volume of tom plate over the end of the pipe about three-a separate department. No man can act as sir having a buoyant power equal to 2702.08 lbs. avoirdu-fourths of an inch, and with a piece of wood the tonsor without a license. The number of this pois, or thereby. shape of an hen's egg, you will easily bend the fraternity in Canton is more than 7,000. The lead into the place left in the plate for it; then whole number of mechanics in the city is estihammer it down level with the top of the plate, mated at 250,000. Even the azotic gas discharged by the operators might|| Unscrew the three screws in the bottom of be employed for this purpose; the quantity of common air the pump, and it will then be separated into deteriorated by them being very considerable. Pepys and three parts. Allen, in their Essays on Respiration, state that an easy inspiration is about 16 cubic inches, and that the subject After placing the pipe into the well, carry the The air-buoys being at a depth of 65 feet, would he compressed by the water with a force equal to the weight of two atmospheres. A Lewis consists of three bars of iron, which are square on their section, when cut at right angles to their sides; placing a piece of leather or cloth under the these being placed side by side, form something like a plate to make it tight, if it is set in the bottom of Jersey City authorities as to the price of property. ence between the Morris Canal Company and the dove-tail tenon; a corresponding mortice is cut in the the sink; then place the leather valve and pump the contemplated continuation of the Canal will prostone to be raised, and the two outside bars are first placed within this aperture; the centre bar being throughout of as you took them apart, and screw them toge-bably pass through Harsimus, and terminate nearly equal thickness, is next placed between them, and bolt ther tight, after having wet the leather in warm a mile north of the Ferry, instead of the place oriwith a clutch-ring is passed through the heads o all the water. ginally designated, which was contiguous to the ter three, by which the stones may be suspended. This instrument has long been in use, and is almost indispensable from the sink to the well, so that the water willlliser.] The pipe should be placed a little descending mination of the Railroad.-[Newark Daily Adver in a massive building. and screw down the plate with wood screws, MORRIS CANAL.-We learn that owing to a differ. |