ABRAHAM COLES (M.D., PH. D., LL.D.): Dies Iræ in thirteen original versions, with photographic illustrations. New York (Appletons), 1859; fifth ed., 1868 (p. 65). Comp. his Microcosm and other Poems, New York, 1881, pp. 277-285, which contains three additional translations (see above, pp. 154 and 165). An anonymous publication [by Mrs. A. E. NOTT], entitled The Seven Great Hymns of the Mediæval Church, New York (Anson D. F. Randolph & Co.), third ed., 1867, pp. 44-97, gives seven English versions of the Dies Iræ, by Gen. Dix, Roscommon, Crashaw, Irons, Slosson, and Coles (2 versions). The 5th ed., 1868 (pp. 153), has some additions. PHILIP SCHAFF: Dies Ira. Two articles in "Hours at Home," New York (Ch. Scribner), 1868, May and July Nos., pp. 39-48, and 261-268. They form the basis of this essay. ORBY SHIPLEY: Fifty Versions of "Dies Ira." Two articles in "The Dublin Review," London, 1883, Vol. IX, 48-77, and 399–396. The writer gives (p. 56 sq.) a list of 50 English versions, with names of authors, date, religion, metre and rhyme. He omits the American versions, but charges Dr. Coles, without naming him (p. 51), with "an unpardonable offense" (!) for publishing thirteen different versions of his own. FRANKLIN JOHNSON: The Dies Iræ. Privately printed, Cambridge, Mass., 1883 (pp. 38). The Latin text with an English version in double rhyme, and notes. (A copy in the Library of Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass.) See above, p. 171. K. R. ROELKER: Die altkirchliche Hymnenpoesie. Osnabrück, 1888. A posthumous fragment of 94 pages, with German translations of Dies Iræ. Compare also the hymnological works of MONE, KOCH, and WACKERNAGEL. To these will soon be added a comprehensive Cyclopædia of Hymnology, edited by Julian, and to be published in 1890 by J. Murray, in London, and Charles Scribner's Sons, in New York. JOHN EDMANDS (Librarian of the Mercantile Library in Philadelphia) : Bibliography of the Dies Ira of Thomas de Celano. In the "Bulletin of the Mercantile Library of Philadelphia," Vol. I., No. 9 (Oct. 1, 1884), pp. 160166, and No. 10 (Jan. 1, 1885), pp. 179-188. A very full and accurate list of English versions down to 1884, to which I am chiefly indebted for the following CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF THE DIES IRÆ FROM 1621-1889. The translations marked by an asterisk are the best, as far as I can judge, either from personal examination or from the name of the translator and his other works. Joshua Sylvester: London, 1621. 10 stanzas of 6 lines each. Richard Crashaw: London, 1646, often reprinted. 17 stanzas of 4 lines each. A reproduction. See pp. 153 and 163. W. Drummond, of Hawthorndon: London, 1656. A. C. Crowther and T. V. Sadler: 1657. James Dymock: London, 1687. *W. Dillon, Earl of Roscommon: London, 1696, 1717, and often. Andrew Dickinson: 1768. Sir Walter Scott: 1805, often republished in his works and in many hymn books. An abridged reproduction, in 3 stanzas of 4 lines each. See p. 163. Anonymous: In "Christian Observer," London, May, 1819. Anonymous: 1825. Lord Th. B. Macaulay: London, 1826, and often. See p. 163. F. C. Husenbeth: London, 1831. Isaac Williams: London, 1831, and often. Richard Parkinson: London, 1832. John Chandler: 1837. Anonymous: In "Christian Observer," London, Jan., 1837. J. R. Beste London, 1839. Anonymous: "N. Y. Evangelist," Oct. 16, 1841. William Young: 1842. *Henry Alford (D. D., Dean of Canterbury): London, 1844, and often. See p. 156. *Richard C. Trench (Archbishop of Canterbury): London, 1844, and since. See p. 156. Henry Mills: Auburn, 1845. "Horæ Germanicæ," 2d ed., 1856, Appendix (p. 363 sq.). See pp. 166 and 169. Edw. V. Hyde Kenealy: 1845. James D. Aylward: Dublin, 1846. Abraham Coles (M. D. and LL. D.): New York, 1847 8qq. Seventeen translations between 1847 and Aug., 1889. Two of them often reprinted. See pp. 154,155,165. Lord A. W. C. Lindsay: London, 1847. See p. 164. William J. Irons: London, 1848. First printed on a fly-leaf and very often republished in hymn books and other collections. See p. 155. Matthew Bridges: London, 1848. J. Newton Brown: New York, 1848. Richard Dalton Williams: 1848. Edward Caswall: "Lyra Catholica," London, 1849. Many reprints. See pp. 154, 164. Brabazon William Disney: Dublin, 1849. (See Brit. Mus. Catal.) Arthur B. Rowan: Dublin, 1849. Robert Campbell: Edinburgh, 1850. Howel W. Lloyd: London (?), 1850. William R. Williams (D. D., Baptist minister in New York): New York, 1850. See p. 158. William John Blew: London, 1851. Charles Porterfield Krauth: Baltimore, 1851. ("Literal, without rhyme," Edmands.) Arthur Tozer Russell: 2 versions. London, 1851. Epes Sargent: New York, 1852 and 1867. See p. 167. *William G. Dix: New York, "Literary World," Dec. 11, 1852. See p. 166. Anonymous: "Z.," in "Lit. World," New York, Dec. 11, 1852. R. G. Loraine: 1854. Mozart's Requiem." "Libretto to S. Dryden Phelps: New York, 1855. James Aitken Johnstone: 1856. H. Jas. Buckoll: "Rugby School Collection," 1857. W. Bright (D. D., Professor of Church History in Oxford): London, 1858. Mrs. Elizabeth Charles: London, 1858. See pp. 143 and 164. Richard Furman: Charleston, 1859. John William Hewett: London, 1859. W. Snyden (Methodist New Connection): 1859. Anonymous: "Somniator," Philadelphia, 1859 and 1860. P. 166. C. Z. Weiser: Philadelphia, 1859. P. 167. Mrs. F. J. Partridge: London, 1860. Repeated. Robert Davidson: New York, 1860. P. 167. Dr. Noris: 1860. Charles Rockwell: New York, 1860. P. 167. P. S. Worsley: In "Blackwood's Magazine," May, 1860. *Adolphe Périès (a merchant of Philadelphia): Philadelphia, 1861. P. 169. Herbert Kynaston: London, 1862. George Alex. Crooke: Philadelphia, 1863. John Adams Dix: Cambridge, 1863 (priv. print.), often reprinted. A second version, containing the author's reasons for feeling dissatisfied with the first, Cambridge, 1875 (priv. print.), and in "Scribner's Monthly," New York, 1876. The variations of the two versions are printed in parallel columns in General Dix's Memoirs by his son, Dr. Morgan Dix, of Trinity Church, New York, 1883, II., 371; with several letters containing critical estimates of the first version, II., 234-9. P. 168. Crammond Kennedy: In "American Baptist," New York, April, 1863. Anonymous: 1864. James Ross: In "New York Observer," 1864. Anonymous: London, 1864. C. B. Cayley: London, 1864. Francis Trappes: London, 1865. Marshall H. Bright: New York, 1866 (priv. print.). Anonymous: Boston. In "Litttell's Living Age," Aug. 11, 1866. W. H. Robinson: London, 1866. J. W. Slater: 3 versions, unrhymed, 1866. John Wesley Thomas: 1867. Roger S. Tracy: In "New York Evening Post," Jan., 1868. *Arthur P. Stanley (Dean of Westminster, d. 1881): In Macmillan's "Magazine," for December, 1868, pp. 167-'69, with an introductory note by the Dean, in which he states that he freely used the versions of Walter Scott, Trench and Irons. 10 stanzas of 6 lines each. (Mr. Edmands dates this version from 1864, but was unable to give me his authority. It may have been first privately printed.) See p. 170. J. Hoskyns Abrahall: In "Christian Remembrancer," London, Jan., 1868. A paraphrastic translation in 17 stanzas of 6 lines each. See p. 170. Mrs. Margaret Junkin Preston: In the "Presbyterian," Philadelphia, Jan. 18, 1868 (but the version was made in 1851). R. Holt Hutton: In the London "Spectator" for March 7, 1868. See p. 170. Philip Schaff: New York, 1868. See p. 159. Robert Corbet Singleton: London, 1868. Horace Castle: 1869. Anonymous: In "Lippincott's Magazine," Philadelphia, 1869. Samuel W. Duffield: 1870. Five versions. See p. 158. Asahel C. Kendrick: New York, 1870. W. Cooke: In the "Hymnary," 1871. John D. van Buren: Albany, 1872. Anonymous: Signed "Trinity," in "The Churchman," March 9, 1872, New York. John Anketell: "Am. Church Review," New York, 1873. C. A. Walworth: "Catholic World," New York, 1873. Charles H. A. Esling: "Catholic Record," Philadelphia, March, 1874. Charles Kent: London, 1874. John O'Hagan: Dublin, 1874. P. 171. John Wallace: London, 1874. Anonymous: Messenger of the Sacred Heart, 1875. Hamilton M. Macgill: London, 1876. William W. Nevin: In "The Press," Osmund Seager: London, 1878. J. Howard West: Gettysburg, Pa., 1878. Orlando Dobbin: 1879. William B. Robertson: "Presbyterian Hymnal," Philadelphia, 1879. D. T. Morgan: London, 1880. D. Y. Heisler: In "Reformed Quarterly Review," 1880. Randolph W. Lowrie : In "The Churchman," New York, April 3, 1880. Anonymous: 1880. Charles Elliot: In "The Standard," Chicago, Feb. 24, 1881. Anatole Police: London, 1881. Matthias Sheeleigh: In "Lutheran Observer," Philadelphia, May 20, 1881. James A. Whitney: "New York Observer," May 19, 1881. *Henry C. Lea: Philadelphia, 1882. "Translations and other rhymes" (priv. print.). Joseph J. Marrin: "Catholic World," New York, 1882. Emily Clemens Pearson: Hartford, 1882. Thomas C. Porter: Philadelphia, 1882. See p. 159. Miss Elizabeth Cleveland: New York "Independent," April 12, 1883. William John Copeland: "Dublin Review," Jan., 1883. P. 173. W. Hilton: "Dublin Review," 1883. * Franklin Johnson: Cambridge, Mass., 1883. See p. 171. M. Woolsey Stryker: New York "Evangelist," Nov., 1883. Another version, April 3, 1864. Thomas MacKellar: Philadelphia, 1883. James D. Aylward: "Dublin Review," April, 1883. Two versions in single rhymes. P. 171. "Catholic John Mason Brown: Henry Rawes: 1884 (fly-sheet; unrhymed). * Hon. John Hayes (LL. D., Cambridge, Mass.): In "The Independent," New York, Dec. 30, 1886. P. 172. *John S. Hager: In "The Overland Monthly," San Francisco, 1886 (Vol. VII., 530). P. 172. *W. G. McKenzie: Boston, 1887 and 1889. Two versions. See p. 161. Alfred H. Fahnestock: "Presbyterian Journal," Philadelphia, July 22, 1889. See p. 172. This list gives us over one hundred and fifty translations (counting Coles 17, Benedict 3, Duffield 5, Dix 2, McKenzie 2, and omitting the anonymous) from ministers and laymen of various denominations—Roman Catholic, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Baptist, etc. No hymn has such a history. Next to it comes, perhaps, Luther's EIN FESTE BURG, of which Rev. Dr. B. Pick, of Allegheny (as he informed me), has collected 131 versions in all languages. One good translation is worth a hundred poor ones and will outlive them. Many were stillborn, or not born at all. But the ever-increasing number is a proof of the popularity and untranslatableness of the DIES IRE, the greatest religious lyric of all ages. THE STABAT MATER DOLOROSA. There are two medieval hymns which begin with the words Stabat Mater. They resemble each other like twin sisters, or rather like mother and daughter. Both are dedicated to the Virgin Mary, one to Mary at the Cross, the other to Mary at the Cradle, of the Saviour. One is a Good-Friday hymn, the other is a Christmas hymn. Both breathe the same burning love to Christ and his Mother and the desire to become identified with her by sympathy in the intensity of her grief and her joy. They are the same in structure, and excel alike in the touching music of language and the soft cadence that echoes the sentiment. Both describe first the situation, then identify the author with the situation, and address the Virgin as an object of that worship which the Roman Church claims for her as the Mother of the Saviour and the Queen of Saints. Both bear the impress of medieval piety and of the monastic order which gave them birth. The Good-Friday hymn has long been known under the name of Stabat Mater, and admired as the most pathetic poem of Latin church poetry, inferior only to the more sublime and impressive DIES IRE; the Christmas hymn has recently been brought to light, and is a worthy companion, though of inferior merit. We may hereafter distinguish the two as the MATER DOLOROSA and the MATER SPECIOSA. |