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NUMBER AND MEMBERSHIP OF REGISTERED AND UNREGISTERED TRADE UNIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN, BY GROUPS OF TRADES, 1907.

[Source: Board of Trade Report on Trade Unions, 1905-1907.]

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NUMBER AND MEMBERSHIP OF REGISTERED AND UNREGISTERED TRADE UNIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN, CLASSIFIED BY SIZE OF UNIONS, 1907. [Source: Board of Trade Report on Trade Unions, 1905-1907.]

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From these tables it appears that while registered unions comprise but 44.6 per cent of the total, they have 77.8 per cent of the members; also that 167 such unions have 1,000 or more members as compared with 98 unregistered unions with 1,000 members or over.

The progress of registered trade unions through three decades in the matter of membership and funds is shown in the following table:

NUMBER, MEMBERSHIP, AND FINANCIAL SUMMARY OF REGISTERED TRADE UNIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 1877 to 1907.

[Source: Reports of the Chief Registrar of Friendly Societies for 1907.]

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The average per capita income of the above societies in 1907 was £1 9s. 9d. ($7.24), the average expenditure £1 4s. 14d. ($5.87), and the amount of funds £3 5s. 1d. ($15.84).

BENEFIT PAYMENTS.

The path to the present position of the unions on the subject of benefits has been beset with many difficulties, and sharp differences of opinion have been developed on the question of the advisability of the payment of benefits. On the one side it was charged that the accumulation of large funds under the guise of provision for benefits was for the ulterior purpose of acquiring defense funds, and on the other that the combination of strike and other benefits was for the purpose of binding the membership by their contributions for the latter objects to the will of the leaders of the unions, as no one would dare to thwart such will if it would involve the loss of the accumulated savings of a lifetime. As against the practice of paying benefits it was objected that when the unionist became disabled through old age or sickness his care should devolve on the whole body of society rather than on the limited body of unionists. The feature of benefits has grown in public favor, however, since the predicted evils have failed of realization; it is claimed, furthermore, that the accumulation of invested funds has had a tendency toward encouraging a feeling of conservatism among the members of the unions. The unions themselves claimed, in favor of the combination of benefit features with the other objects of the trade union, that it is more economical to combine all benefits within the activities of a single society than to seek them partly in one organization and partly in another.

Statistics are not available covering the financial operations of trade unions in an entirety, but they can be presented for the 100 principal societies shown in the previous table. The next table shows for ten years the amount of the various expenditures, and the percentage that each such expenditure is of the total for each year.

EXPENDITURES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES OF 100 PRINCIPAL TRADE UNIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN, 1898 TO 1907.

[Source: Board of Trade Report on Trade Unions, 1905-1907.]

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A small proportion of this expenditure (equal to about 3 per cent of the total expenditure for all purposes) consisted of payments to federations, grants and fees to other societies, etc.

These 100 unions expended in the three years 1905 to 1907 more than £6,000,000 ($29,199,000), 8.2 per cent of which was paid out in support of labor disputes, 23.3 per cent for the relief of members out of work for other reasons, and an almost equal amount (22.5 per cent) for working and miscellaneous expenses. The remainder, amounting to 46 per cent of the total, was paid out for various other benefits than those already named, principally sick and accident, superannuation, and funeral benefits.

The annual percentages for the different forms of benefits reflect pretty closely the industrial condition of the country, which improved during the first half of the period under review, while during the latter part employment declined.

Eight principal groups of industries and a group of miscellaneous trades are embraced in the 100 principal unions considered. The next table shows income and objects and amount of expenditure for each of these groups for the year 1907, with the amount of capital at the beginning and end of the year.

NUMBER OF MEMBERS AND INCOME AND EXPENDITURES OF 100 PRINCIPAL TRADE UNIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, BY GROUPS OF TRADES, 1907. [Source: Board of Trade Report on Trade Unions, 1909.]

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@ This item includes grants to members, grants from one union to another, payments to federations, trades councils, congresses, etc.

NUMBER OF MEMBERS AND INCOME AND EXPENDITURES OF 100 PRINCIPAL TRADE UNIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, BY GROUPS OF TRADES, 1907-Concluded.

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This item includes grants to members, grants from one union to another, payments to federations, trades councils, congresses, etc.

Contributions and levies afford practically 90 per cent of the income of these societies, the remaining 10 per cent coming from fines, entrance fees, subscriptions, interest, rents, etc.

The per capita income in the various groups of unions varies considerably, ranging from $3.48 in the miscellaneous trades and $4.96 in transportation to $16.02 in the metal trades. The highest rate was that received by an organization of glass-bottle makers of Yorkshire, whose average income per capita was above 85s. ($20.68).

The report from which the above data are taken presents for the 100 unions a résumé of their expenditures for various objects for the ten years 1898 to 1907, expressed in the form of percentages. The table is reproduced on the page following.

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