Bruise a sufficient quantity of fish glue, and let it soak for twenty-four hours in a little warm water; expose it to heat over the fire, to dissipate the greater part of the water, and supply its place by colourless brandy, which will mix the gelatine of the glue. Strain the whole through a piece of open linen; on cooling, it will form a trembling jelly.

and two spoonsful of yeast. Set the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for six or eight weeks, then place it in the open air until it becomes of the consistence of a syrup; lastly, decant, filter, and bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each bottle.

The above ingredients ought to yield, when properly made, about two pints of the strained liquor Godfrey's cordial.

Dissolve an oz. of opium, 1 drachm of oil of sassafras, in 2 ounces of spirit of wine. Now mix 4 lbs. of treacle, with 1 gallon of boiling water, and when cold, mix both solutions. This is generally used to soothe the pains of children, &r. Balsam of honey.

This is the real English court plaster: it is pliable, and never breaks, characters which distinguish it from so many other preparations sold under the

same name.

Compound tincture of rhubarb.

Take of rhubarb, sliced, 2 oz. liquorice root, bruised, oz. ginger, powdered, saffron, each 2 dr. distilled water, 1 pint, proof spirit of wine, 12 oz. by measure.

Digest for 14 days, and strain. Dose, an oz. as an aperient, or 1 oz. in violent diarrhoea. Tincture of ginger.

Take of ginger, in coarse powder, 2 oz. proof spirit, 2 pints.

Digest in a gentle heat, for 7 days, and strain. This tincture is cordial and stimulant, and is generally employed as a corrective to purgative draughts.

Compound tincture of senna. Take of senna leaves, 2 oz. jalap root, 1 oz. coriander seeds, oz. proof spirit, pints. Digest for seven days, and to the strained liquor add 4 ounces of sugar candy.

This tincture is an useful carminative and cathartic, especially to those who have accustomed themselves to the use of spirituous liquors; it often relieves flatulent complaints and colics, where the common cordials have little effect; the dose is from 1 to 2 ounces. It is a very useful addition to the castor-oil, in order to take off its mawkish taste; and, as coinciding with the virtues cf the oil, it is therefore much preferable to brandy, shrub, and such like liquors, which otherwise are often found necessary to make the oil sit on the stomach.

Daffy's elixir.

Take of senna, 2 lbs. rhubarb shavings, 2 lbs. Jalap root, 1 lb. caraway seeds, 1 lb. aniseeds, 2 lbs. sugar, 4 lbs. shavings of red sanders wood, ↓ lb.

Digest these in 10 gallons of spirit of wine, for 14 days, and strain for use.

This elixir possesses almost the same qualities as the Compound Tincture of Senna. The above quantities may be reduced to as small a scale as may be required.

The black drop.

Take half a pound of opium, sliced, three pints of good verjuice, one and a half ounces of nutmeg, and half an oz. of saffron; boil them to a proper thickness, then add a quarter of a pound of sugar

Tincture of the balsam of 1 olu.

Take of balsam of Tolu, 1 oz. alcohol, 1 pint. Digest until the balsam be dissolved, and then strain the tincture through a paper.

This solution of the balsam of Tolu possesses all the virtues of the balsam itself. It may he taken internally, with the several intentions for which that balsam is proper, to the quantity of a tea-spoonful or two, in any convenient vehicle. Mixed with simple syrup, it forms an agreeable balsamic syrup.

Tincture of Peruvian bark. Take of Peruvian bark, 4 oz. proof spirit, 2 pints. Digest for ten days, and strain.

It may be given from a tea-spoonful to an oz. or an ounce, according to the different purposes it is intended to answer.

Huxham's tincture of bark.

Take of Peruvian bark, powdered, 2 oz. the peel of Seville oranges, dried, 14 do. Virginian snake root, bruised, 3 drachms, saffron, 1 do. eochineal, powdered, 2 scruples, proof spirit, 20 oz. Digest for 14 days, and strain.

As a corroborant and stomachic, it is given in doses of two or three drachms; but when employed for the cure of intermittent fevers, it must be taken to a greater extent.

Tincture of guaiacum.

Take of guaiacum, 4 ounces, rectified spirit of wine, 2 pints. Digest for seven days, and filter. What is called gum guaiacum is, in fact, a resin, and perfectly soluble in alcohol. This solution is a powerful stimulating sudorific, and may be given in doses of about an ounce in rheumatic and asthmatic cases.

Ammoniated tincture of guaiacum. Take of resin of guaiacum, in powder, 4 oz ammoniated alcohol, in powder, 1 lbs. Digest for seven days, and filter through a paper.

This is a very elegant and efficacious tincture; the ammoniated spirit readily dissolving the resin, and, at the same time, promoting its medical vir tues. In rheumatic cases, a tea, or even table spoonful, taken every morning and evening, in any convenient vehicle, particularly in milk, has proved of singular service.

Compound tincture of benzoin.

Take of benzoin, 3 oz. purified storax, 2 oz. balsam of Tolu, 1 oz. socotrine aloes, an oz, reetified spirit of wine, 2 pints. Digest for seven days, and filter.

This preparation may be considered as an ele gant simplification of some very complicated com positions, which were celebrated under different names; such as Baume de Commandeur, Wade's Balsam, Friar's Balsam, Jesuit's Drops, ke

fæces subside. To the decanted liquor add the spirit.

Vinegar of squills is a medicine of great antiquity. It is a very powerful stimulant; and hence it is frequently used with great success as a diuretic and expectorant. The dose of this medicine is from a drachm to half an ounce: where crudities abound in the first passages, it may be given at first in a larger dose, to evacuate them by vomiting. It is most conveniently exhibited along with cinnamon, or other agreeable aromatic waters, which prevent the nausea it would otherwise, even in small, doses, be apt to occasion. Tar-water.

Take of tar, 2 pints; water, 1 gallon. Mix, by stirring them with a wooden rod for a quarter of an hour, and, after the tar has subsided, strain the liquor, and keep it in well corked phials.

Tar-water should have the colour of white wine, and an empyreumatic taste. It is, in fact, a solution of empyreumatic oil, effected by means of acetons acid. It acts as a stimulant, raising the pulse, and increasing the discharge by the skin and kidneys. It may be drank to the extent of a pint or two in the course of a day.

Decoction of sarsaparilla.

Take of sarsaparilla root, cut, 6 oz.; distilled water, 8 pints.

After macerating for two hours, with a heat about 195 degrees, then take out the root and bruise it; add it again to the liquor, and macerate it for two hours longer; then boil down the liquor to 4 pints, and strain it. The dose is from 4 oz. to half a pint, or more, daily.

Compound decoction of sarsaparilla. Take of sarsaparilla root, cut and bruised, 6 oz.; the bark of sassafras root, the shavings of guaiacum wood, liquorice root, each, 1 oz.; the bark of mezereon root, 3 drachms; distilled water, 10 pints. Digest with a gentle heat for 6 hours; then boil down the liquor to one half (or five pints), adding the bark of the mezereon root towards the end of boiling. Strain off the liquor. The dose is the same as the last, and for the same purposes.

These decoctions are of very great use in purifying the blood, and resolving obstructions in scorbotic and scrofulous cases; also in cutaneous eruptions, and many other diseases. Obstinate swellings, that had resisted the effect of other remedies for above twelve months, have been cured by drinking a quart of decoction of this kind, daily, for some weeks. Decoctions of sarsaparilla ought to be made fresh every day, for they very soon become quite fœtid, and unfit for use, sometimes in less than 24 hours, in warm weather.

Decoction of the woods.

Take of guaiacum raspings, 3 oz.; raisins, stoned, 2 oz.; sassafras root, sliced, liquorice root, bruised, each 1 oz.; water, 10 lbs.

Boil the guaiacum and raisins with the water, over a gentle fire, to the consumption of one half, adding, towards the end, the sassafras and liquorice, and strain the decoction without expression.

a spoon, until the butter is melted when it win se fine and smooth.

Panada.

Put a blade of mace, a large piece of the crumb of bread, and a quart of water, in a clean saucepan. Let it boil two minutes, then take out the bread, and bruise it very fine in a basin. Mix with it as much of the warm water as it will require, pour away the rest, and sweeten it to the taste of the patient. If necessary, put in a piece of butter of the size of a walnut, but add no wine. Grate in a little nutmeg if requisite.

Isinglass jelly, &c.

Put an ounce of isinglass, and half an ounce of cloves, into a quart of water. Boil it down to a pint, strain it upon a pound of loaf sugar, and when cold add a little wine, when it will be fit for use.A very nourishing beverage may be made by merely boiling the isinglass with milk, and sweetening with lump-sugar.

Beef tea.

Take off the fat and skin from a pound of lean beef, and cut it into pieces. Then put it into a gallon of water, with the under crust of a penny Joaf, and a small portion of salt. Let the whole boil till reduced to 2 quarts, and strain, when it will be fit for use.

Another method.-In some cases, when the patient is very weak, the tea must be made thus:Take a piece of lean beef, cut it across and across, and then pour on it scalding water. Cover it up close, and let it stand till cold. Then pour it off, and warm it as the patient requires, having seasoned it moderately.

Transparent soup for convalescents.

Cut the meat from a leg of veal into small pieces, and break the bone into several bits. Put the mest into a very large jug, and the bones at top, with a bunch of common sweet herbs, a quarter of an oz of mace, and half a pound of Jordan almonds, finely blanched and beaten. Pour on it four quarts of boiling water, and let it stand all night, covered close by the fireside. The next day put it into well-tinned saucepan, and let it boil slowly, till it is reduced to two quarts. Be careful, at the time it is boiling, to skim it, and take off the fat as it rises. Strain into a punch-bowl, and when settled for two hours, pour it into a clean saucepan, clear from the sediments, if any. Add 3 oz. of rice, or 2 oz. of vermicelli, previously boiled in a little water. When once more boiled, it will be fit for

Water-gruel.

Put a large spoonful of oatmeal into a pint of water, stir it well together, and let it boil three or four times, stirring it often. Then strain it through sieve, put in some salt according to taste, and if atressary add a piece of fresh butter. Stir with

trouble of shifting the ballast, because this tends to hasten the corruption of the fresh water after wards put into thein. When the water becomes impure and offensive at sea, from ignorance of the preservative effect produced on it by charting the casks previous to their being filled, it may be rendered perfectly sweet by putting a little fresh char

No practice has answered better than that of charring their water casks on their inside. Three casks of water in one of his Majesty's dock yards, of three years' standing, were perfectly sweet when tapped. There is, therefore, little doubt but that water may be preserved fresh and fit for drinking for any length of time, in charred barrels. Cleanliness.

To preserve seamen in health, and prevent the prevalence of scurvy, and other diseases, it will be further necessary to keep the ship perfectly clean, and to have the different parts of it daily purified by a free admission of air, when the weather will admit of it, and likewise by frequent fumigations. This precaution will more particularly be necessary for the purification of such places as are remarkably close and confined..

Prevention of dampness and cold. The coldness and dampness of the atmosphere are to be corrected by sufficient fires.

Cleanliness on board of a ship is highly necessary for the preservation of the health of seamen; but the custom of frequent swabbings or washings between the decks, as is too frequently practised, is certainly injurious, and greatly favours the proauction of scurvy and other diseases by a constant dampness being kept up.

Exercise and amusements.

The men should be made to air their hammocks and bedding every fine day; they should wash their bodies and apparel often, for which purpose an adequate supply of soap ought to be allowed; and they should change their linen and other clothes frequently. In rainy weather, on being relieved from their duty on the deck by the succeeding watch, they should take off their wet clothes, instead of keeping them on, and lying down in them, as they are too apt to do. Two sets of hammocks ought to be provided for them. In fine pleasant weather, and after their usual duty is over, they should be indulged in any innocent amusement that will keep their minds, as well as bodies, in a state of pleasant activity, and perhaps none is more proper than dancing. This makes a fiddle or a pipe and tabor, desirable acquisitions on board of every ship bound on a long voyage.

Effects of climate, &c.

In warm climates the crews of ships are healthier at sea when the air is dry and serene, and the heat moderated by gentle breezes, than when rainy or damp weather prevails; and they usually enjoy better health when the ship is moored at a considerable distance from the shore, and to windward of any marshy ground or stagnant waters, than when it is anchored to leeward of these, and lies close in with the land. Masters of vessels, stationed at, or trading to, any parts between the tropics, will therefore act prudently, when they have arrived at their destined port, to anchor a considerable distance from the shore, and as far to windward of all swamps, pools, and lakes, as can conveniently be done, as the noxious vapours which will be wafted to the crew, when the ship is in a station of this nature, will not fail to give rise to diseases among them.

Cautions to be observed when on shore. When unavoidably obliged to submit to such an inconvenience, some means ought to be adopted to prevent disagreeable consequences from ensuing. For this purpose a large sail should be hoisted at the foremast or most windward part of the ship, so as to prevent the noxious vapours from coming baft; the cabin, steerage, and between the decks,

allowed to smoke tobacco freely.

Unless absolutely necessary, it will be improper to permit any of the crew to sleep from on board, when stationed off an unhealthy shore; but when necessity obliges them to do so, for the purpose of wooding or watering, a tent or marquee should be erected, if a proper house cannot be procured. and this should be pitched on the dryest and highest spot that can be found, being so situated, as that the door shall open towards the sea. Under cover of this, a sufficient number of hammocks are to be suspended for the accommodation of the men by night, as they should by no means be suffered to sleep on the open ground.

If the tent happens unfortunately to be in the neighbourhood of a morass, or has unavoidably been pitched on flat moist ground, it will be advisable to keep up a constant fire in it by day as well as by night; and as a further preventive against those malignant disorders which are apt to arise in such situations, the men should be directed to smoke freely of tobacco, and to take a wine-glassful of the compound tincture of Peruvian bark every morning, on an empty stomach, and the same quantity again at night.

Cautions when in tropical ciimates.

In tropical climates, the healthiness of seamen will much depend upon avoiding undue exposure to the sun, rain, night air, long fasting, intemperance, unwholesome shore duties, especially during the sickly season, and upon the attention paid to the various regulations and preventive measures. The bad effects of remaining too long in port at any one time (independent of irregularities, of harbour duties, particularly after sunset, as well as during his meridian power), cannot be too strongly adverted to by the commander of every ship; and therefore a measure of the highest importance in the navy is the employment of negroes and natives of the country, or at least men accustomed to the torrid zone, in wooding, watering, transporting stores, rigging, clearing, careening ships, &c.; and, in fine, in all such occupations as might subject the seamen to excessive heat or noxious exhalations, which cannot fail to be highly dangerous to the health of the unassimilated seaman.

The practice of heaving down vessels of was in the West Indies, in the ordinary routine of service at least, cannot be toc highly deprecated, as well from the excessive fatigue and exertion it demands, as because it is a process which requires for its execution local security, or, in other words, a land that is locked, and therefore generally an unhealthy harbour. The instances of sickness and mortality from the effects of clearing a foul hold in an unhealthy harbour, are too numerous to be specified.

Intoxication.

A very productive source of disease in warm climates among seamen, is an immoderate use of spirituous and fermented liquors, as they are too apt, whilst under a state of intoxication, to throw themselves on the bare ground, where, perhaps, they lie exposed for many hours to the influence of the meridian sun, the heavy dews of the evening, or the damp chilling air of the night. The commander of a ship who pays attention to the health of his crew, will therefore take every possible precaution to prevent his men from being guilty an excess of this nature; and likewise that they do lie out in the open air, when overcome by fatigue and hard labour.

The different voyages of that celebrated naviga tor, Captain Cook, as well as that of the unfortunate La Perouse, incontestably prove that by due