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stood, but it probably stood on the left bank, since | To the storms of the Aegaean the poets frequently the right is low and often inundated. (Hom. Il. viii. allude. Thus Horace (Carm. ii. 16): Otium divos 203; Herod. i. 145; Strab. pp. 386-387; Paus. rogat in patenti prensus Aegaeo; and Virgil (Aen. vii. 25. § 12; Leake, Morea, vol. iii. p. 394; Cur- | xii. 365): Ac velut Edoni Boreae cum spiritus alto tius, Peloponnesos, vol. i. p. 472.) insonat Aegaeo. The Aegaean contained numerous islands. Of these the most numerous were in the southern part of the sea; they were divided into two principal groups, the Cyclades, lying off the coasts of Attica and Peloponnesus, and the Sporades, lying along the coasts of Caria aud Ionia. [CYCLADES; SPORADES.] In the northern part of the sea were the larger islands of Euboea, Thasos and Samothrace, and off the coast of Asia those of Samos, Chios and Lesbos.

2. A town in Emathia in Macedonia, and the burial-place of the Macedonian kings, is probably the same as Edessa, though some writers make them two different towns. [EDESSA.]

3. A town in Euboea on the western coast N. of Chalcis, and a little S. of Orobiae. Strabo says that it was 120 stadia from Anthedon in Boeotia. It is mentioned by Homer, but had disappeared in the time of Strabo. It was celebrated for its worship of Poseidon from the earliest times; and its temple of this god still continued to exist when Strabo wrote, being situated upon a lofty mountain. The latter writer derives the name of the Aegaean Sea from this town. Leake supposes it to have stood near Limni. (Hom. I. xiii. 21; Strab. pp. 386, 405; Steph. B. s. v.; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iii. p. 275.)

AEGAE in Asia, 1. (Aiyaí, Aiyaîaı, AĬyear: Eth. Aiyaîos, Aiyeárns; Ayas Kala, or Kalassy), a town on the coast of Cilicia, on the north side of the bay of Issus. It is now separated from the outlet of the Pyramus (Jyhoon) by a long narrow aestuary called Ayas Bay. In Strabo's time (p. 676) it was a small city with a port. (Comp. Lucan, iii. 227.) Aegae was a Greek town, but the origin of it is unknown. A Greek inscription of the Roman period has been discovered there (Beaufort, Karamania, p. 299); and under the Roman dominion it was a place of some importance. Tacitus calls it Aegeae (Ann. xiii. 8.)

2. (Aiyaí: Eth. Alyaîos, Aiyaιeús), an Aeolian city (Herod. i. 149), a little distance from the coast of Mysia, and in the neighbourhood of Cume and Temnus. It is mentioned by Xenophon (Hellen. iv. 8. § 5) under the name Aiyeis, which Schneider has altered into Alyaí. It suffered from the great earthquake, which in the time of Tiberius (A. D. 17) desolated 12 of the cities of Asia. (Tacit. Ann. ii. 47.) [G. L.]

AEGAEAE. [AEGIAE.] AEGAEUM MARE (To Aiyatov Téλayos, Herod. iv. 85; Aesch. Agam. 659; Strab. passim; or simply To Aiyatov, Herod. vii. 55; 8 Aiyaîos TéAayos, Herod. ii. 97), the part of the Mediterranean now called the Archipelago, and by the Turks the White Sea, to distinguish it from the Black Sea. It was bounded on the N. by Macedonia and Thrace, on the W. by Greece and on the E. by Asia Minor. At its NE. corner it was connected with the Propontis by the Hellespont. [HELLESPONTUS.] Its extent was differently estimated by the ancient writers; but the name was generally applied to the whole sea as far S. as the islands of Crete and Rhodes. Its name was variously derived by the ancient grammarians, either from the town of Aegae in Euboea; or from Aegeus, the father of Theseus, who threw himself into it; or from Aegaea, the queen of the Amazons, who perished there; or from Aegaeon, who was represented as a marine god living in the sea; or, lastly, from aiyís, a squall, on account of its storms. Its real etymology is uncertain. Its navigation was dangerous to ancient navigators on account of its numerous islands and rocks, which occasion eddies of wind and a confused sea, and also on account of the Etesian or northerly winds, which blow with great fury, especially about the equinoxes.

The Aegaean sea was divided into: 1. MARE THRACIUM (¿ Optηíιos móνтos, Hom. Пl. xxiii. 230; Tò Opnikιov méλayos, Herod. vii. 176; comp. Soph. Oed. R. 197), the northern part of the Aegaean, washing the shores of Thrace and Macedonia, and extending as far S. as the northern coast of the island of Euboea.

2. MARE MYRTOUM (Hor. Carm. i. 1. 14; Tò Mupтwov méλayos), the part of the Aegaean S. of Euboea, Attica and Argolis, which derived its name from the small island Myrtus, though others suppose it to come from Myrtilus, whom Pelops threw into this sea, or from the maiden Myrto. Pliny (iv. 11. s. 18) makes the Myrtoan sea a part of the Aegaean; but Strabo (pp. 124, 323) distinguishes between the two, representing the Aegaean as terminating at the promontory Sunium in Attica.

3. MARE ICARIUM (Hor. Carm. i. 1. 15; 'Ikάpios TÓVTOS, Hom. Il. ii. 145; 'Ikάptov Téλayos, Herod. vi. 95), the SE. part of the Aegaean along the coasts of Caria and Ionia, which derived its name from the island of Icaria, though according to tradition it was so called from Icarus, the son of Daedalus, having fallen into it.

4. MARE CRETICUM (τὸ Κρητικὸν πέλαγος, Thuc.iv. 53), the most southerly part of the Aegaean, N. of the island of Crete. Strabo (1. c.), however, makes this sea, as well as the Myrtoan and Icarian, distinct from the Aegaean.

AEGA'LEOS (Alyáλews, Herod. viii. 90; Tò Alyáλewv opos, Thuc. ii. 19: Skarmanga), a range of mountains in Attica, lying between the plains of Athens and Eleusis, from which Xerxes witnessed the battle of Salamis. (Herod. l. c.) It ended in a promontory, called AMPHIALE ('Aμpiáλn), opposite Salamis, from which it was distant only two stadia according to Strabo (p. 395). The southern part of this range near the coast was called CORYDALUS or CORYDALLUS (Kopudaλós, Kopudaλλós) from a demus of this name (Strab. I. c.), and another part, through which there is a pass from the plain of Athens into that of Eleusis, was named POECILUM (Пoixíλov, Paus. i. 37. § 7.) (Leake, Demi of Attica, p. 2, seq.)

AEGATES INSULAE, the name given to a group of three small islands, lying off the western extremity of Sicily, nearly opposite to Drepanum and Lilybaeum. The name is supposed to be derived from the Greek Alyddes, the "Goat islands;" but this form is not found in any Greek author, and the Latin writers have universally Aegates. Silius Italicus also (i. 61) makes the second syllable long. 1. The westernmost of the three, which is distant about 22 G. miles from the coast of Sicily, was called HIERA ('Iepà vñoos, Ptol. Polyb. Diod.); but at a later period obtained the name of MARITIMA, from its lying so far out to sea (Itin. Marit. p. 492), and

is still called Maretimo. 2. The southernmost and | nearest to Lilybaeum, is called, both by Ptolemy and Pliny, AEGUSA (Aiyoûσa); but the latter erroneously confounds it with Aethusa. It is the largest of the three, on which account its name was sometimes extended to the whole group (ai kaλoúμevai Alyoùoa, Pol. i. 44); it is now called Favignana, and has a considerable population. 3. The northernmost and smallest of the group, nearly opposite to Drepanum, is called by Ptolemy PHORBANTIA (PopCarría), but is probably the same with the BUCINNA of Pliny, a name erroneously supposed by Steph. B. (s. v. Boúkivva) to be that of a city of Sicily. It is now called Levanzo. (Ptol. iii. 4. § 17 Plin. iii. 8.s. 14; Smyth's Sicily, pp. 244-247.) These islands derive an historical celebrity from the great naval victory obtained by C. Lutatius Catulus over the Carthaginians in B. C. 241, which put an end to the First Punic War. Hanno, the Carthaginian admiral, had previous to the battle taken up his station at the island of Hiera, and endeavoured to take advantage of a fair wind to run straight in to Drepanum, in order to relieve the army of Hamilcar Barca, then blockaded on Mount Eryx; but he was intercepted by Catulus, and compelled to engage on disadvantageous terms. The consequence was the complete defeat of the Carthaginian fleet, of which 50 ships were sunk, and 70 taken by the enemy, with nearly 10,000 prisoners. (Pol. 1. 60, 61; Diod. xxiv. Exc. H. p. 509; Liv. Epit. xix.; Oros. iv. 10; Flor. ii. 1; Eutrop. ii. 27; Corn. Nep. Hamilc. 1; Mela, ii. 7; Sil. Ital. i. 61.)

The island of Aegusa has been supposed by many writers to be the one described by Homer in the Odyssey (ix. 116) as lying opposite to the land of the Cyclopes, and abounding in wild goats. But all such attempts to identify the localities described in the wanderings of Ulysses may be safely dismissed as untenable. [E. H. B.]

AEGEIRA (Ayeipa: Eth. Alyeipárns, fem. Aiyeiparis), a town of Achaia, and one of the 12 Achaean cities, situated between Aegae and Pellene, is described by Polybius as opposite Mount Parnassus, situated upon hills strong and difficult of approach, seven stadia from the sea, and near a river. This river was probably the Crius, which flowed into the sea, a little to the W. of the town. According to Pausanias the upper city was 12 stadia from its port, and 72 stadia from the oracle of Heracles Buraicus. (Herod. i. 146; Strab. viii. p. 386; Pol. ii. 41, iv. 57; Paus. vii. 26. § 1; Plin. iv. 6.) Pausanias (1. c.) relates that Aegeira occupied the site of the Homeric HYPERESIA (Trepnoin, Пl.ii. 573, xv. 254; Strab. p.383: Eth. Treрnσieus), and that it changed its name during the occupation of the country by the Ionians. He adds that the ancient name still continued in use. Hence we find that Icarus of Hyperesia was proclaimed victor in the 23rd Olympiad. (Paus. iv. 15. § 1.). On the decay of the neighbouring town of Aegae its inhabitants were transferred to Aegeira. (Strab. p. 386.) In the first year of the Social war (B. C. 220) Aegeira was surprised by a party of Aetolians, who had set sail from the opposite town of Oeantheia in Locris, but were driven out by the Aegiratans after they had obtained possession of the place. (Pol. iv. 57, 58.) The most important of the public buildIt also conings of Aegeira was a temple of Zeus. tained a very ancient temple of Apollo, and temples of Artemis, of Aphrodite Urania, who was worshipped in the town above all other divinities, and of the

Syrian goddess. (Paus. vii. 26.) The port of Aegeira Leake places at Mavra Litharia, i. e., the Black Rocks, to the left of which, on the summit of a hill, are some vestiges of an ancient city, which must have been Aegeira. At the distance of 40 stadia from Aegeira, through the mountains, there was a fortress called Phelloe (Þeλλóŋ, near Zakhuli), abounding in springs of water. (Paus. vii. 26. § 10; Leake, Morea, vol. iii. p. 387, seq.)

AEGEIRUS. [AEGIROESSA.]

AEGIAE or AEGAEAE (Aiyía, Paus. iii. 21. § 5; Alyaîai, Strab. p. 364: Limni), a town of Laconia, at the distance of 30 stadia from Gythium, supposed to be the same as the Homeric Angeiae. (Avyeral, Il. ii. 583; comp. Steph. B. s. v.) It possessed a temple and lake of Neptune. Its site is placed by the French Commission at Limni, so called from an extensive marsh in the valley of the eastern branch of the river of Passavá. (Leake, Pelopon nesiaca, p. 170.)

AEGIALEIA, AEGIALUS.

[ACHAIA.]

AE'GIDA, a town of Istria, mentioned only by Pliny iii. 19. s. 23), which appears to have been in his time a place of little importance; but from an inscription cited by Cluverius (Ital. p. 210) it appears that it was restored by the emperor Justin II. who bestowed on it the name of JUSTINOPOLIS. This inscription is preserved at Capo d'Istria, now a considerable town, situated on a small island joined to the mainland by a causeway, which appears to have been termed AEGIDIS INSULA, and was probably the site of the Aegida of Pliny. [E. H. B.]

AE'GILA (7à Alyiλa), a town of Laconia with a temple of Demeter, of uncertain site, but placed by Leake on the gulf of Skutári. (Paus. iv. 17. § 1; Leake, Morea, vol. i. p. 278.)

AEGILIA (Alyxia). 1. Or AEGILUS ( AtYλos, Theocr. i. 147: Eth. Alyiλisós), a demus in Attica belonging to the tribe Antiochis, situated on the western coast between Lamptra and Sphettus. It was celebrated for its figs. (Αἰγιλίδες ἰσχάδες, Athen. p. 652, e.; Theocr. l. c.) It is placed by Leake at Tzuréla, the site of a ruined village on the shore, at the foot of Mt. Elymbo. (Strab. p. 398; Harpocrat., Steph. B. s. v.; Leake, Demi, p. 61.)

2. Or AEGILEIA (Alyíλeia), a small island off the western coast of Euboea, and near the town of Styra, to which it belonged. Here the Persians left the captive Eretrians, before they crossed over to Marathon, B. c. 490. (Herod. vi. 101, 107.)

or

3. Or AEGILA (Alyiλa: Cerigotto), a small island between Cythera and Crete. (Plut. Cleom. 31; Steph. B. s. v.; Plin. iv. 12. s. 19.) AEGILIPS. [ITHACA.] AEGIMU'RUS (Aiyiuopos: Zowamour Zembra), a lofty island, surrounded by dangerous cliffs, off the coast of Africa, at the mouth of the gulph of Carthage. (Liv. xxx. 24; Strab. pp. 123, 277, 834.) Pliny calls it Aegimori Arae (v. 7); and there is no doubt that it is the same as the Arae of Virgil (Aen. i. 108). [P. S.]

AEGINA (Alya: Eth. AlywhTMns, Aeginēta, Aeginensis, fem. Aiywūris: Adj. Alvivaios, Aiyin Tikós, Aegineticus: Eghina), an island in the Saronic gulf, surrounded by Attica, Megaris, and Epidaurus, from each of which it was distant about 100 stadia. (Strab. p. 375) It contains about 41 square English miles, and is said by Strabo (l. c.) to be 180 stadia in circumference. In shape it is an irregular triangle. Its western half consists of a plain, which, though

stony, is well cultivated with corn, but the remainder | century before the Persian wars and for a few years of the island is mountainous and unproductive. A afterwards, Aegina was the chief seat of Greek art, magnificent conical hill now called Mt. St. Elias, or and gave its name to a school, the most eminent Oros (opos, i. e. the mountain), occupies the whole artists of which were Callon, Anaxagoras, Glaucias, of the southern part of the island, and is the most Simon, and Onatas, of whom an account is given in remarkable among the natural features of Aegina. the Dict. of Biogr. There is another mountain, much inferior in size, on the north-eastern side. It is surrounded by numerous rocks and shallows, which render it difficult and hazardous of approach, as Pausanias (ii. 29. § 6) has correctly observed.

The Aeginetans were at the height of their power when the Thebans applied to them for aid in their war against the Athenians about B. c. 505. Their request was readily granted, since there had been an ancient feud between the Aeginetans and Athenians. The Aeginetans sent their powerful fleet to ravage the coast of Attica, and did great damage to the latter country, since the Athenians had not yet any fleet to resist them. This war was continued with some interruptions down to the invasion of Greece by Xerxes. (Herod. v.81, seq., vi. 86, seq.; Thuc. i. 41.) The Aeginetans fought with 30 ships at the battle of Salamis (B. c. 480), and were admitted to have

by their bravery. (Herod. viii. 46, 93.) From this time their power declined. In 460 the Athenians defeated them in a great naval battle, and laid siege to their principal town, which after a long defence surrendered in 456. The Aeginetans now became a part of the Athenian empire, and were compelled to destroy their walls, deliver up their ships of war, and pay an annual tribute. (Thuc. i. 105. 108.) This humiliation of their ancient enemies did not, however, satisfy the Athenians, who feared the proximity of such discontented subjects. Pericles was accustomed to call Aegina the eye-sore of the Peiraeus (ʼn λhμn toû Пeipaiéws, Arist. Rhet. iii. 10.; comp. Cic. de Off. iii. 11); and accordingly on the breaking out of the Peloponnesian war in 431, the Athenians expelled the whole population from the island, and filled their place with Athenian settlers. The expelled inhabitants were settled by the Lacedaemonians at Thyrea. They were subsequently collected by Lysander after the battle of Aegospotami (404), and restored to their own country, but they never recovered their former state of prosperity. (Thuc. ii. 27; Plut. Per. 34; Xen. Hell. ii. 2. § 9; Strab. p. 375.) Sulpicius, in his celebrated letter to Cicero, enumerates Aegina among the examples of fallen greatness (ad Fam. iv. 5).

Notwithstanding its small extent Aegina was one of the most celebrated islands in Greece, both in the mythical and historical period. It is said to have been originally called Oenone or Oenopia, and to have received the name of Aegina from Aegina, the daughter of the river-god Asopus, who was carried to the island by Zeus, and there bore him a son Aeacus. It was further related that at this time Aegina was uninhabited, and that Zeus changed the ants (up-distinguished themselves above all the other Greeks unkes) of the island into men, the Myrmidones, over whom Aeacus ruled (Paus. ii. 29. §2.; Apollod. iii. 12. § 6; Ov. Met. vii. 472, seq.) Some modern writers suppose that this legend contains a mythical account of the colonization of the island, and that the latter received colonists from Phlius on the Asopus and from Phthia in Thessaly, the seat of the Myrmidons. Aeacus was regarded as the tutelary deity of Aegina, but his sons abandoned the island, Telamon going to Salamais, and Peleus to Phthia. All that we can safely infer from these legends is that the original inhabitants of Aegina were Achaeans. It was afterwards taken possession of by Dorians from Epidaurus, who introduced into the island the Doric customs and dialect. (Herod. viii. 46; Paus. ii. 29. § 5.) Together with Epidaurus and other cities on the mainland it became subject to Pheidon, tyrant of Argos, about B. C. 748. It is usually stated on the authority of Ephorus (Strab. p. 376), that silver money was first coined in Aegina by Pheidon, and we know that the name of Aeginetan was given to one of the two scales of weights and measures current throughout Greece, the other being the Euboic. There seems, however, good reason for believing with Mr. Grote that what Pheidon did was done in Argos and nowhere else; and that the name of Aeginetan was given to his coinage and scale, not from the place where they first originated, but from the people whose commercial activity tended to make them most generally known. (Grote, Hist. of Greece, vol. ii. p. 432.) At an early period Aegina became a place of great commercial importance, and gradually acquired a powerful navy. As early as B. C. 563, in the reign of Amasis, the Aeginetans established a footing for its merchants at Naucratis in Egypt, and there erected a temple of Zeus. (Herod. ii. 178.) With the increase of power came the desire of political independence; and they renounced the authority of the Epidaurians, to whom they had hitherto been subject. (Herod. v. 83.) So powerful did they become that about the year 500 they held the empire of the sea. According to the testimony of Aristotle (Athen. p. 272), the island contained 470,000 slaves; but this number is quite incredible, although we may admit that Aegina contained a great population. At the time of their prosperity the Aeginetans founded various colonies, such as Cydonia in Crete, and another in Umbria. (Strab. p. 376.) The government was in the hands of an aristocracy. Its citizens became wealthy by commerce, and gave great encouragement to the arts. In fact, for the half

The chief town in the island was also called Aegina, and was situated on the north-western side. A description of the public buildings of the city is given by Pausanias (ii. 29, 30). Of these the most important was the Aeaceium (Aiάketov), or shrine of Aeacus, a quadrangular inclosure built of white marble, in the most conspicuous part of the city. There was a theatre near the shore as large as that of Epidaurus, behind it a stadium, and likewise numerous temples. The city contained two harbours: the principal one was near the temple of Aphrodite; the other, called the secret harbour, was near the theatre. The site of the ancient city is marked by numerous remains, though consisting for the most part only of foundations of walls and scattered blocks of stone. Near the shore are two Doric columns of the most elegant form. To the S. of these columns is an oval port, sheltered by two ancient moles, which leave only a narrow passage in the middle, between the remains of towers, which stood on either side of the entrance. In the same direction we find another oval port, twice as large as the former, the entrance of which is protected in the same manner by ancient walls or moles, 15 or 20 feet thick. The latter of these ports seems to have been the large harbour,

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and there are casts from them in the British Museum. The subject of the eastern pediment appears to be the expedition of the Aeacidae or Aeginetan heroes against Troy under the guidance of Athena: that of the western probably represents the contest of the Greeks and Trojans over the body of Patroclus. Till comparatively a late period it was considered that this temple was that of Zeus Panhellenius, which Aeacus was said to have dedicated to this god. (Paus. ii. 30. §§ 3, 4.) But in 1826 Stackelberg, in his work on the temple of Phigalia, started the hypothesis, that the temple, of which we have been speaking, was in reality the temple of Athena, mentioned by Herodotus (iii. 59); and that the temple of Zeus Panhellenius was situated on the lofty mountain in the S. of the island. (Stackelberg, Der Apollotempel zu Bassae in Arcadien, Rom, 1826.) This opinion has been adopted by several German writers, and also by Dr. Wordsworth, but has been ably combated by Leake. It would require more space than our limits will allow to enter into this controversy; and we must therefore content ourselves with referring our readers, who wish for information on the subject, to the works of Wordsworth and Leake quoted at the end of this article. This temple was probably erected in the sixth century B. C., and apparently before B. C. 563, since we have already seen that about this time the Aeginetans built at Naucratis a temple to Zeus, which we may reasonably conclude was in imitation of the great temple in their own island.

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FRONT ELEVATION OF THE TEMPLE OF AEGINA RESTORED.

In the interior of the island was a town called OEA (On), at the distance of 20 stadia from the city of Aegina. It contained statues of Damia and Auxesia. (Herod. v. 83; Paus. ii. 30. § 4.) The position of Òea has not yet been determined, but its name suggests a connection with Oenone, the ancient name of the island. Hence it has been conjectured that it was originally the chief place of the island, when safety required an inland situation for

the capital, and when the commerce and naval power which drew population to the maritime site had not yet commenced. On this supposition Leake supposes that Oea occupied the site of Paleá-Khora, which has been the capital in modern times whenever safety has required an inland situation. Pausanias (iii. 30. §3) mentions a temple of Aphaea, situated on the road to the temple of Zeus Panhellenius. The Heracleum, or temple of Hercules, and Tripyrgia

(Tpinupyia), apparently a mountain, at the distance of 17 stadia from the former, are both mentioned by Xenophon (Hell. v. 1. § 10), but their position is uncertain. (Dodwell, Tour through Greece, vol. i. p. 558, seq.; Leake, Morea, vol. ii. p. 431, seq., Peloponnesiaca, p. 270, seq.; Wordsworth, Athens and Attica, p. 262, seq.; Boblaye, Recherches Géographiques, p. 64; Prokesch, Denkwürdigkeiten, vol. ii. p. 460, seq.; Müller, Aegineticorum Liber, Berol. 1817.)

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COINS OF AEGINA.

AEGINIUM (Aiyiviov: Eth. Aiyivieús, Aeginiensis: Stagus), a town of the Tymphaei in Thessaly, is described by Livy as a place of great strength and nearly impregnable (Liv. xxxii. 15). It is frequently mentioned in the Roman wars in Greece. It was given up to plunder by L. Aemilius Paulus for having refused to open its gates after the battle of Pydna. It was here that Caesar in his march from Apollonia effected a junction with Domitius. It occupied the site of the modern Stagús, a town at a short distance from the Peneus. At this place Leake found an inscription, in which Aeginium is mentioned. Its situation, fortified on two sides by perpendicular rocks, accords with Livy's account of its position. (Strab. p. 327; Liv. xxxii. 15, xxxvi. 13, xliv. 46, xlv. 27; Caes. B. C. iii. 79; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. i. p. 421, seq.)

AEGIPLANCTUS. [MEGARIS.] AEGIROESSA (Aiyipóeoσa), a city which Herodotus (i. 149) enumerates among the 11 cities of Aeolis; but nothing is known of it. Forbiger conjectures that the historian may mean Aegeirus (Alyeipos), in the island of Lesbos. [G. L.] AEGISSUS or AEGYPSUS (Atyooos, Hierocl. p. 637; Alyiatos, Procop. 4, 7; Aegypsus, Ov.), a town in Moesia, near the mouth of the Danube. It is mentioned by Ovid as having been taken from the king of Thrace, at that time under the protection of Rome, by a sudden incursion of the Getae, and recovered by Vitellius, who was in command of a Roman army in that quarter. Ovid celebrates the valour displayed by his friend Vestalis upon the occasion. (Ep. ex Ponto, i. 8. 13, iv.7.21.) [H.W.]

AEGITHALLUS (Alyianos, Diod.; AiyiBaλos, Zonar.; Aiyi@apos, Ptol.) a promontory on the W. coast of Sicily, near Lilybaeum, which was occupied and fortified by the Roman consul L. Junius during the First Punic War (B. C. 249), with a view to support the operations against Lilybaeum, but was recovered by the Carthaginian general Carthalo, and occupied with a strong garrison. Diodorus tells us it was called in his time ACELLUM, but it

is evidently the same with the Alyllapos bкpa of Ptolemy, which he places between Drepanum and Lilybaeum; and is probably the headland now called Capo S. Teodoro, which is immediately opposite to the island of Burrone. (Diod. xxiv. Exc. H. p. 50; Zonar. viii. 15; Ptol. iii. 4. § 4; Cluver. Sicil. p. 248.) [E. H. B.]

AEGI TIUM (Alyíriov), a town in Aetolia Epictetus, on the borders of Locris, situated in the midst of mountains, about 80 stadia from the sea. Here Demosthenes was defeated by the Aetolians, B. C. 426. Leake places it near Varnakova, where he found the remains of an ancient city. (Thuc. iii. 97; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 617.)

AE'GIUM (AtyLov, Aryelov, Athen. p. 606: Eth. Alyieus, Aegiensis: Vostitza), a town of Achaia, and one of the 12 Achaean cities, was situated upon the coast W. of the river Selinus, 30 stadia from Rhypae, and 40 stadia from Helice. It stood between two promontories in the corner of a bay, which formed the best harbour in Achaia next to that of Patrae. It is said to have been formed out of an union of 7 or 8 villages. It is mentioned in the Homeric catalogue; and, after the destruction of the neighbouring city of Helice by an earthquake, in B. c. 373 [HELICE], it obtained the territory of the latter, and thus became the chief city of Achaia. From this time Aegium was chosen as the place of meeting for the League, and it retained this distinction, on the revival of the League, till Philopoemen carried a law that the meeting might be held in any of the towns of the confederacy. Even under the Roman empire the Achaeans were allowed to keep up the form of their periodical meetings at Aegium, just as the Amphictyons were permitted to meet at Thermopylae and Delphi. (Paus. vii. 24. § 4.) The meetings were held in a grove near the sea, called Homagyrium or Homarium, sacred to Zeus Homagyrius or Homarius (Ομαγύριον, Ομάριον; in Strab. pp. 385, 387, 'Ouápion should be read instead of 'Apvápion and Aivápiov). Close to this grove was a temple of Demeter Panchaea. The words Homagyrium, "assembly," and Homarium, "union," have reference to those meetings, though in later times they were explained as indicating the spot where Agamemnon assembled the Grecian chieftains before the Trojan War. There were several other temples and public buildings at Aegium, of which an account is given by Pausanias. (Hom. I. ii. 574; Herod. i. 145; Pol. ii. 41, v. 93; Strab. pp. 337, 385, seq.; Paus. vii. 23, 24; Liv. xxxviii. 30; Plin. iv. 6.) Vostitza, which occupies the site of the ancient Aegium, is a place of some importance. It derives its name from the gardens by which it is surrounded (from Bóora, Booтávi, garden). It stands on a hill, terminating towards the sea in a cliff about 50 feet high. There is a remarkable opening in the cliff, originally perhaps artificial, which leads from the

[graphic]

COIN OF AEGIUM.

MOC

Respecting these words, see Welcker, Epische Cyclus, p. 128.

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