rocky promontory with ruins of the middle ages upon it, which promontory Ross supposes to be the CORONELA of Stephanus (s. v. Kopúveia).

90. STEIRIA (reipia, Steph.; Hesych.; Suid.; Plin. iv. 7. s. 11), on the east coast, between Prasiae and Brauron. (Strab. ix. p. 399.) Wordsworth says that it is an hour's walk from Prasiae to Brauron, and that on the way he passed some ruins, which must be those of Steiria. Stiris in Phocis is said to have been founded by the inhabitants of this demus. (Paus. x. 35. § 8.) The road from Athens to Steiria and the harbour of Prasiae was called the Στειριακὴ ὁδός. (Plat. Hipparch. p. 229.) Steiria was the demus of Theramenes and Thrasybulus.

village of Keratià, as we may infer from an inscription discovered at this place. (Paus. i. 31. § 1; Dem. c. Macart. p. 1071; Harpocr.; Phot.; Suid.; Steph.)

95. MYRRHINUS (Mußßious) lay to the east of Prasiac or Porto Raphti, at Méronda, as appears from inscriptions found at this place. Artemis Colaenis was worshipped at Myrrhinus (Paus. i. 31. § 4; Schol. ad Aristoph. Av. 874); and in one of the inscriptions at Méronda mention is made of a temple of Artemis Colaenis. (Böckh, Inser. No. 100.) (See also Strab. ix. p. 399; Steph.; Phot.)

97, 98. PAEANIA (Пaιavía), divided into Upper and Lower Paeania, was situated on the eastern side of Hymettus, near the modern village of Liogesi. It was the demus of Demosthenes. (Paus. i. 23. § 12; Harpocr.; Suid.; Phot.; Ross, in Annal. dell Inst. Arch. vol. ix. p. 5, foll.)

96. PHLYA (Pλúa, Þλvá), the site of which cannot be determined, though there can be little doubt that it lay in the Mesogaea from the position 91. BRAURON (Bpavpúv), one of the twelve an- which it occupies in the list of Pausanias. It must cient cities, but never mentioned as a demus, though have been a place of importance from the number of it continued to exist down to the latest times. It temples which it contained, and from its frequent was situated on or near the eastern coast of Attica, mention in inscriptions. (Paus. i. 31. § 4, iv. 1. between Steiria and Halae Araphenides, near the $5; Plut. Them. 1; Athen. x. p. 424; Harpocr.; river Erasinus. (Strab. viii. p. 371, ix. p. 399.) Suid.; Steph.; Phot.) Its name is apparently preserved in that of the two villages, called Vraóna and Paleó Vraóna, situated south of the Erasinus. Brauron is celebrated on account of the worship of Artemis Brauronia, in whose honour a festival was celebrated in this place. (Herod. vi. 138.) Here Orestes and Iphigeneia were supposed to have landed, on their return from Tauris, bringing with them the statue of the Taurian goddess. (Paus. i. 33. § 1, iii. 16. § 7; Eurip. Iphig. in Taur. 1450, 1462; Nonnus, Dionys. xiii. 186.) This ancient statue, however, was preserved at Halae Araphenides, which seems to have been the proper harbour of Brauron, and therefore the place at which the statue first landed. Pausanias (i. 33. § 1), it is true, speaks of an ancient statue of Artemis at Brauron; but the statue brought from Tauris is expressly placed by Callimachus (Hymn. in Dian. 173), and Euripides (Iphig. in Taur. 1452) at Halae; and Strabo (ix. p. 399) distinguishes the temple of Artemis Tauropolus at Halae Araphenides from the temple of Artemis Brauronia at Brauron. There was a temple of Artemis Brauronia on the Acropolis, containing a statue of the goddess by Praxiteles. (Paus. i. 23. § 7.)

92. HALAE ARAPIENIDES ('Aλal 'Apapnvides), so called to distinguish it from Halae Aexonides [No. 39], lay on the east coast between Brauron and Araphen, and was the proper harbour of Brauron, from whence persons crossed over to Marmarium in Euboea, where were the marble quarries of Carystus. (Strab. ix. p. 399, x. p. 446.) Hence Halae is described by Euripides (Iphig. in Taur. 1451) as γείτων δειράδος Καρυστίας. The statue of the Taurian Artemis was preserved at this place, as has been already shown. [No. 91.]

93. ARAPHEN (Apapń), on the east coast, north of Halae and Brauron, the name of which is probably preserved in the village of Rafina, situated near the mouth of the river of that name. (Harpocr.; Suid.; Steph.; Bekker, Anecd. i. p. 338.)

We learn from Strabo (ix. p. 399) that the demi in the Mesogaea were very numerous; and his statement is confirmed by the great number of remains of ancient buildings which occur in this district. (Wordsworth, p. 226). But the names of only a few have been preserved, which we can assign with certainty to the Mesogaca; and the position of many of these is doubtful.

94. PROSPALTA (Прóσжаλтα) lay in the interior, between Zoster and Potamos, at the modern

99. PHILAIDAE (Plaidai) appears to have been near Brauron, since it is said to have derived its name from Philaeus, the son of the Telamonian Ajax, who dwelt in Brauron. Philaïdae was the demus of Peisistratus. (Plut. Sol. 10; Plat. Hipparch. p. 228; Paus. i. 35. § 2; Herod. vi. 35.)

100. CEPHALE (Kepaλ) appears, from the order in which it occurs in the list of Pausanias (i. 31. § 1), to have been situated south or east of Hymettus, perhaps in the neighbourhood of Brauron and Vraóna, where Ross found an inscription containing the name of this demus. Cephale possessed a temple of the Dioscuri, who were here called the Great Gods. (Paus. l. c.; Harpocr.; Suid.; Phot.; Schol. ad Aristoph. Av. 417.)

101. SPHETTUS (ZONTτós), one of the twelve ancient cities, and subsequently a demus. Its position has given rise to much dispute. Leake places it in the northern part of the Mesogaea, and thinks that Spata may be a corruption of Sphettus. That it was situated either in the Mesogaea or the Paralia is certain from the legend, that Pallas, who had obtained these districts, marched upon Athens from Sphettus by the Sphettian Way. (Plut. Thes. 13; Philochor. ap. Schol. ad Eurip. Hipp. 35.) Now we have seen good reasons for believing that Pallas must have marched round the northern extremity of Hymettus [see above, No. 32]; and consequently the Sphettian road must have taken that course. Although the Sphettian road cannot therefore have run along the western coast and entered Athens from the south, as many modern writers maintain, Sphettus was probably situated further south than Leake supposes, inasmuch as Sphettus and Anaphlystus are represented as sons of Troezen, who migrated into Attica; and, seeing that Anaphlystus was opposite Troezen, it is inferred that Sphettus was probably in the same direction. (Paus. ii. 30. § 9; Steph. s. vv. 'Ανάφλυστος, Σφηττός.)

102. CYTHERRUS (Kúenßpos, Inscr.; Konpos, Kúonpov, Strab. ix. p. 397; Harpoc.; Suid.; Steph.; Phot.), one of the twelve ancient cities, and afterwards a demus. Its position is quite uncertain.

ATTICITUS.

AUDUS.

Erechtheis.

158.

Χολαργός (Κολαργία)

Acamantis.

159.

Χολλεῖδαι (Κολλίδαι)

Χολείδης

Leontis

Aegeis.

160.

Ψαφίς (Ψαφίδαι)

Ψαφίδης

Aeantis.

[a, see "Oa.]

(Tibull. i. 7, according to the emended text) or It seems that there was a tribe nained Atures Aturenses: probably this was a name given to the inhabitants of the banks of the Atur. [G. L.]

ATTI'CITUS CATTÍKITOS, Ptol. v. 9), or ANTI- | the name of the Tarbelli, an Aquitanian people who CEITES ('AVTIKETηs, Strab. xi. pp. 494, 495), a occupied the flat coast north of the mouth of the great river in the country of the Maeotae, in Sarmatia Adour. Asiatica, with two mouths, the one falling into the Palus Maeotis, and the other into the Euxine; but the latter formed first the lake of Corocondametis (Koрoкovdaμîтis), so named from the town of Corocondame. It is evidently the Kuban. According to Strabo, it was also called Hypanis, and Ptolemy calls its southern arm Vardanes. [P. S.] ATTI'DIUM, a town of Umbria, mentioned only by Pliny, who enumerates the Attidiates among the inland towns of that province (iii. 14. s. 19). But its existence as a municipal town is confirmed by inscriptions (Holsten. Not. ad Cluver. p. 83; Orell. Inscr. 88), and there is little doubt that the "Attidiatis ager" mentioned in the Liber de Coloniis (p. 252) among those of Picenum is only a corruption of "Attidiatis." The site is clearly marked by the village of Attigio, situated in the upper valley of the Aesis, about 2 miles S. of the modern city of Fabri. ano, to which the inhabitants of Attidium appear to have migrated in the middle ages. and numerous inscriptions still remain at Attigio. Some ruins (Cluver. Ital. p. 614; Calindri, Statistica del Pon tificio Stato, p. 115; Ramelli, Iscrizioni di Fabriano, in Bull. d. Inst. 1845, p. 127.) [E. H. B.] ATTUBI or A'TUBI (prob. Espejo, on the Guadajoz), a colony in Hispania Baetica, with the surname Claritas Julia, belonging to the conventus coin, speaks of Atusia, a city of Phrygia, on the river of Astigi. (Plin. iii. 1. s. 3; Mariana, iii. 21; Caprus, which flows into the Maeander; but he proCramer, on the authority of a single autonomous Florez, Esp. Sagr. ix. 54, x. 149, xii. 303; Volk-bably refers to the coin mentioned above. (Cramer, mann, Reisen, vol. ii. p. 18; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 366.)

ATTU'DA ("ATTovda: Eth. 'ATTOvdeús), a town of Caria, or of Phrygia, as some suppose, noticed only by Hierocles and the later authorities. there are coins of the place with the epigraph 'Iepa But Bovλn 'Attoudéwy, of the time of Augustus and later. The coins show that the Men Carus was worshipped there. An inscription is said to show that the site that of Ypsili Hissar, south-east of Aphrodisias in Caria. (Cramer, Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 55; Forbiger, vol. ii. p. 235.) ATUATICI. [ADUATICI.] [G. L.] ATU'RIA. [ASSYRIA.] ATU'RIA (prob. Oria), a river of Hispania Tarraconensis, in the territory of the Vascones. (Mela, iii. 1; Ukert, vol. ii. pt. 1, p. 300.) [P. S.]

which has been much questioned. It has, however, been determined lately, by the publication of a very ATU'SA, a town in Assyria, the exact site of rare and almost unique coin, bearing the inscription Ατουσιέων τῶν πρὸς τὸν καπρον (Millingen, Sylloge of Unedited Coins, 4to. 1837). It had, indeed, been noticed previously, and correctly, by Weston (Archaeol. xvi. pp. 9 and 89), though Sestini (Letter. Numism. Ser. ii. vol. vi. p. 80) questioned the attribution, on insufficient grounds. The fabric, form of the inscription, the arrow symbolical of the Tigris (Strab. xi. p. 529), all combine to refer the coin to a country in that part of Asia, and, if the coin be evidence enough, to a city on the Caprus, now Lesser Zab. from Atossa, which was a national Assyrian name is probably Assyrian, and may be derived either The name, too, (Euseb. Chron. an. 583; Conon, vi.), or else a modification of the ancient name Aturia. [Asname Attusa occurs, is manifestly corrupt. SYRIA.] A passage of Pliny (v. 40), where the

[V.]

Asia Minor, vol. ii. p. 55.) B. s. v., 'Abaλírns in some manuscripts of Ptolemy, [P.S.] AUALITES SINUS (Αὐαλίτης κόλπος, Steph. iv. 7. §§ 27, 39; Plin. vi. 29. s. 34; Arrian. Perip. Zeyla, in Abyssinia, was a deep bay on the eastern Mar. Eryth. p. 6: Eth. Avaλíτns), the modern coast of Africa, in lat. 11° N., SW. of the Straits of Bab-el-Man-deb. At the head of the bay was a town Avalites; and the inhabitants of the immediate district were called Avalitae. upon the kingdom of Axum. They were dependent AUA'SIS. [OASIS.] [W. B. D.] dicus (G. of Boujayah). It is placed by Ptolemy AUDUS (Audos), a river of Mauretania Caesa10' W. of Igilgilis (Jijeli), a position which identi riensis (aft. Sitifensis), falling into the Sinus NumiWad-el-Jenan, not marked on the maps. If so, the promontory Audum (Avdov), which Ptolemy places fies it, according to Pellissier, with a river called 10' W. of the Audus, would be C. Cavallo." (Ptol iv. 2. §§ 10, 11). But, on the other hand, Ptolemy seems to make Audum the W. headland of the Sinus Numidicus (C. Carbon or Ras Metznkoub); and, if this be its true position, the Audus might be identified with the considerable river Sumeim, falling into the gulf E. of Boujayah, and answering (on the other supposition) to the Sisar of Ptolemy. Mannert solves the difficulty by supposing that here (as cer tainly sometimes happens) Ptolemy got double results from two inconsistent accounts, and that his

A'TURUS (Adour), as Lucan (i. 420) names it, or ATURRUS (Auson. Mosell. v. 467), a river of Aquitania. Vibius Sequester has the name Atyr (ed. Oberl. p. 68), which is the genuine name, unless we should write Atur. The Adur of Sussex is the same name. Ptolemy's form Aturis is the Aquitanian word with a Greek termination. The Aturus is the chief river of Aquitania. It drains some of the valleys on the north face of the western part of the Pyrenees, and has a course of about 170 miles to the Bay of Biscay, which it enters below Bayonne. The town of Aquae Augustae was on the Aturus. The poets call the river Tarbellicus, from