"underneath th' umbrella's oily shed," but Hanway was the first who, braving laughter and sarcasm, accustomed the Londoners to the sight of a man carrying that useful contrivance. John Pugh, who wrote Hanway's life, says : "When it rained, a small parapluie defended his face and wig; thus he was always prepared to enter into any company without impropriety or the appearance of negligence. And he was the first man who ventured to walk the streets of London with an umbrella over his head; after carrying one near thirty years he saw them come into general use.' " There is a small umbrella shop in Old Street, Shoreditch, called the Umbrella Hospital; two placards are in the window, one setting forth the analogy between a human being and an umbrella, the second giving a list of the prices charged for curing the several ills an umbrella is heir to, thus :— CHAPTER XIII. GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY. FOREMOST in this division stands the GLOBE," the great Globe itself," a trade emblem common to publicans, outfitters, and others, who rely upon cosmopolitan customers. One of the theatres, where Shakespeare used to perform, was called The Globe, from its sign representing Atlas supporting the world. It was accompanied by the motto, TOTUS MUNDUS AGIT HISTRIONEM; upon which Ben Jonson made the following epigram :— "If but stage actors all the world displays, Where shall we find spectators to their plays?" To which Shakespeare is said to have returned this answer:"Little or much of what we see we do, We are all actors and spectators too." The house stood on the Bankside, Southwark, and was burnt down in June 1613, having been set on fire during one of the plays by a piece of wadding fired from a cannon falling on the thatched roof. It was rebuilt, but finally taken down in 1644 to make room for dwelling houses. One of the most famous Globe taverns stood, till the beginning of this century, in Fleet Street. It had been one of the favourite haunts of Oliver Goldsmith, who, it appears, was never tired of hearing a certain "tun of a man" sing "Nottingham Ale." Goldsmith's face was so well known here that a wealthy pork-butcher, another habitué of the house, used to drink to him in the familiar words, "Come, Noll, old boy, here's my service to you." Several actors, also, "used" the house,―amongst others, the centenarian Macklin, Tom King, and Dunstall. Many amusing anecdotes concerning the place have been preserved in the "Fruits of Experience," a delightful book of city gossip, written in his eightieth year by Joseph Brasbridge, a silversmith in Fleet Street. Brasbridge was a constant visitor at this tavern. At Aldborough, near Boroughbridge, there is a Globe publichouse, in which a tessellated pavement, part of a Roman villa, may be seen. The publican informs passers-by of this by the following inscription on his signboard :— "This is the ancient manor-house, and in it you may see And the absence of the apostrophe certainly makes it so. Finally, John Partridge, the almanac-making shoemaker, so amusingly ridiculed in the Tatler, lived at the Globe in Salisbury Street. From the pursuits of that great man, we may surmise his globe to have been a celestial one. Sometimes the Globe was gilt, "for a difference." Thus the GOLDEN GLOBE was the sign of William Herbert, printseller, and editor of Joseph Ames's well-known work on "Typographical Antiquities." This shop was under the Piazza on London Bridge, where he continued till 1758, when the house was taken down. Of all the signs which may be termed "Geographical," those referring to our own island are, of course, the most common in this country. BRITANNIA is very general. Hone, in his "Everyday Book," mentions a public-house in the country where London porter was sold, and the figure of Britannia was represented in a languishing, reclining posture, with the motto, 66 PRAY, SUP-PORTER." The first inhabitants are commemorated by the sign of the ANCIENT BRITON; but this is not one of the "Cærulei Britanni," though true blue for all that, but refers simply to a true patriot in the best sense of the word. Thus Boswell uses the expression in one of his letters to Dr Johnson :— "I trust that you will be liberal enough to make allowance for my dif fering from you on two points, [the Middlesex election and the American war,] when my general principles of government are according to your own heart, and when, at a crisis of doubtful event, I stand forth with honest zeal as an ancient and faithful Briton." That this is the meaning attached to the word is evident from other signs of the same family, as TRUE BRITON, GENEROUS BRITON, &c., all common signatures to political letters in the newspapers of the Junius period. The modern JOHN BULL, and the still later OLD ENGLISH GENTLEMAN, descend from the same stock, and are all equally common. ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND was, in 1673, the sign of John Thornton, in the Minories, hydrographer to the Hon. East India Company. As he also sold maps, he had probably a map of the United Kingdom as his sign. Formerly signs representing buildings or localities in London were common, though generally they bore very little resemblance to the places intended. Among the trades tokens we find the EXCHANGE, a tavern in the Poultry in 1651; the EAST INDIA HOUSE, in Leadenhall Street, like most of this description of signs, prompted by the vicinity of the building represented; CHARING CROSS, the sign of a shop in that locality where they sold canaries in 1699, and also a sign at Norwich in 1750; THE OLD PRISON, in Whitechapel-this Old Prison was intended for King's Cross; CAMDEN HOUSE, in Maiden Lane, 1668,-this must have been in honour of Baptist Hicks, the opulent mercer, at the White Bear, in Cheapside, who died as Viscount Camden in 1628. He built Hicks Hall on Clerkenwell Green, and presented it to the county magistrates as their session-house. Further, there was the TEMPLE, the sign of Mr Buck, bookseller, near the Inner Temple Gate, in Fleet Street, in 1700; and at the same period, HYDE PARK, a shop or tavern in Gray's Inn Lane. A public-house in Bridge Row, Chelsea, mentioned before 1750, and still in existence, bears the name of the CHELSEA WATERWORKS. The Waterworks, after which it was named, were constructed circa 1724; a canal was dug from the Thames, near Ranelagh, to Pimlico, where an engine was placed for the purpose of raising the water into pipes, which conveyed it to Chelsea, Westminster, and various parts of western London. The reservoirs in Hyde and Green Park were supplied by pipes from the Chelsea Waterworks, which, in 1767, yielded daily 1740 tons. The LANCASHIRE WITCH, a sign of an exhibition of shell-work and petrifactions in Shoreditch, 1754, was doubtless named after our old friend, Mother Shipton, born near the Petrifying Well at Knaresborough. Even on the Continent we meet with a London sign,—viz., at Verona, where, in 1825, the ToWER OF LONDON was one of the inns which recommended itself to English travellers in the following grand circular : "Circulatory. The old inn of London's Tower, placed among the more agreeable situation of Verona's Course, belonging at Sir Theodosius Zignoni, restored by the decorum most indulgent to good things, of life's eases, which are favoured from every art at same inn, with all object that is concern'd, conveniency of stage-coaches, proper horses, and good foragers, and coach-house; do offers at innkeeper the constant hope to be honoured from a great concourse, where politeness, good genius of meats to delight of nations, round table, [table d'hôte,] coffee-house, hackneycoach, men servant of place, swiftness of service, and moderacion of prices, shall arrive to accomplish in him all satisfaction, and at Sir's who will do the favour honouring him a very assur'd kindness.” York figures more frequently on the signboard than any other place in England. From the trades tokens we see that the CITY |