Hudson, Little, Earl, Duryea, Wisner, Helms, and many others. Cornwall.-In this town an early settlement was made at Canterbury, and the tradition is that some Germans came and settled just south of the small stream south of the present village of Canterbury. There they made the first, clearings in all that vicinity, and planted their log cabins and an orchard; but in a few years sold out, left and went probably to New Jersey or Albany, where there were German settlements. To these succeeded other settlers, and their lands passed into the possession of the Townsend family, by whom some of them are still held. Among the old settlers in Cornwall we name the Sutherlands, Sacketts, Sherods, Brewsters, Woods, Clarks, Smiths, Townsends, Van Duzers, Mandevills, Bartons, Sands, Thorns. We may have placed some of these early settlers in the wrong town, as they are now organized; but if so, the error is of no moment, as they were within the limits of the old town of Cornwall. We have not space to be more particular. The name of Cornwall is doubtless from "Cornwallshire, England," the south point of which is called Landsend. That shire is nearly in the shape of a cornucopiæ, and from that circumstance derived its name. In the old British language "Cornyn," signifies a horn or promontory, of which Cornwall is the English corruption. The two portions of land are not dissimilar. They are alike in being broken and mountainous, and in jutting out into the water, and the name is as appropriate as we should expect to find it. The original settlers or those who bestowed the name, probably came from Cornwall, England. TOWN OF BLOOMING GROVE. Washingtonville.-This is the principal village in the town, pleasantly situated in an open champaign country, on the public road leading from Newburgh to Goshen, eleven miles from Newburgh and nine from Goshen. The name is in honor of General Washington. We have not been in formed when the village had its origin, or who were its early patrons. The last part of the name has been previously explained. Salisbury. This is a pleasant little village, situate on the Otterkill-or Big Creek as it is generally called in this town-and on the public road leading from Newburgh to Goshen, about eight miles from Newburgh and three from Washingtonville. At this place the creek furnishes a good water power for manufacturing purposes. The leading men of the place have long and favorably been known to the public as industrious and enterprising citizens. The name, doubtless, is from Salisbury, England, in the county of Wiltshire, situate at the junction of three riversthe Avon, Nadder and Willey; the waters of which are conducted through every street by means of small brick canals, which not only promote health and cleanliness, but facilitate many of the processes of useful industry. The cathedral is one of the most interesting public buildings in England. It is said to have as many doors as there are months, as many windows as there are days, and as many pillars as there are hours in the year. There may be a pleasant conceit in this, but certainly no architectural beauty. The word Salisbury is of Saxon origin and composed of Sarum and bury. We have not been able to find out the meaning of Sarum; bury means a place of residence, as before remarked, and is from burg, a borough or town. Among the active men of the place, we name Andrew J. Caldwell, Isaac K. Oakley and Peter Van Alen. Mr. Caldwell is, and for many years has been, extensively engaged in the manufacture of leather. To skill and large experience in conducting this business, he brings a mind culti vated with a varied literature, and well stored with agricultural knowledge and its kindred subjects. Modest in temper and unobtrusive as a child, he pursues the silent and even tenor of his way, at peace with himself and the world around him. With his aged father and brothers John, Richard and William, compatriots of the lamented Emmet, after the outbreak in Ireland in 1798, he came to this country and cast his lot in with the citizens of this county. Donbtless, it is hard and trying to the best feelings of our nature, to abandon the land of our birth, the playground of our boyhood, the associations of youth and ripening manhood. Around them linger and cling the tenderest and strongest recollections; but to be compelled to flee from them by force of circumstances which we have neither made nor can control, is akin to hopeless despair and like unto death. Alas! how many have experienced this dire necessity and wept in agony, as they turned and took the last look on green clad Erin, and mentally exclaimed, "O Erin, my country! Erin, farewell!" We offer no consolation: the wound is too deep and near the source of life to be touched, even by the hand of a friend; and we would not enter the sacred abode of private grief, and open the wound which time, age and reflection may be slowly healing. If we could, we would stay and soften the iron heel of the oppressor that tramples upon down-trodden Ireland, and if available in Heaven's chancery, invoke its choicest blessings upon her domestic institutions, and the emerald fields of her warm hearted and patriot sons. But like them, we fear we are hopelessly too feeble to resist the deadly fangs of oppression, which with serpentine sinuosity, pervade every department of life, embitter its enjoyments and deaden all manly efforts to better her condition. It is impossible for any country in a colonial condition, however fruitful her resources and industrious her population, to resist and flourish against a stream of bad government, impetuous as a mountain torrent and heavy as the Mississippi. "Once more, oh! turn and touch the lyre, And wake that wild impassioned strain, 1 feel the circulating fire Flash from my heart through every vein, Yes, every swell and every word Strikes on a sympathetic cord, And conjures up with viewless wand, "Beloved country! when I loose And mix with death's neglected clay !" The other gentlemen are also deeply engaged in the various departments of manufacturing flour, paper and other articles of prime necessity; are industrious and persevering men, and in their diversified pursuits give extensive employment to numerous laborers and citizens of the village. The father of Mr. Oakley was an old and respectable resident of the place, and conducted business for many years in the establishment now occupied by his son. These are the men *We confess a feeling on this subject; for by descent we drew an infant breath, and first saw the light of day amidst the dew drops which sparkled in the morning breeze, as it swept over and fauned her true but roughly chafed bosom. which benefit the country in its essential interests. They live not alone for themselves, but gladly shower a portion of their own means broadcast around them, so that all who will may receive a share. Of such the county cannot own too many. JOHN CALDWELL died at his residence at Salisbury Mills on Saturday morning, October, 29, 1803. "To those who were unacquainted with his life, the language of truth might be mistaken for the coloring of panegyrick, but the memory of his virtues is engraven on the hearts of all who had the happiness to know him. It is to be regretted, that the short period of his residence in this country has given so little opportunity for the display of those exalted qualities which so eminently distinguished him. An outline of his character might be attempted here, but when expression fails to do justice to truth, it is eloquence to be silent." "GEN. VINCENT MATHEWS, long an eminent citizen of Western New-York, died at his residence in Western NewYork on the 23d of June, 1846, aged 80 years. He was born in Orange county, June, 1766, and in 1789 removed to Newtown, Tioga county, (then a part of Montgomery) and commenced the practice of Law in 1790, and in the same year chosen to the Assembly. In 1796-fifty years ago-he was elected to the State Senate from the Western District, then embracing the whole state west of Otsego county, and in 1809 was chosen a Member of Congress. In 1816 he removed to Bath, Steuben county, and thence in 1821 to Rochester, where he has ever since resided. He has long since been regarded as the Father of the Bar of Western NewYork, devoting himself assiduously to his profession to the last, though ceasing to hold office since 1833. A meeting of the Rochester Bar was held on the day of his death-Vice Chancellor Whittlesey presiding-and was addressed by the chairman, by Hon. Ashley Sampson, E. Griffin, Esq. and several others in terms of profound admiration for his character and life. Appropriate resolutions were presented and adopted. " ZACHARIAH DUBOIS.-This gentleman during the Revolution lived at Salisbury, and owned 700 acres of land. The farm of the Hon. Robert Denniston is a part of it, and we believe the old stone mansion is still standing. This family is of Huguenot descent, and a branch of the Duboises of Ulster, from whence they came to Orange at an early period. In 1776 he received a commission of 2d Major in Col. Woodhull's regiment of militia, from Gov. Clinton, and served on various occasions till 1780. In 1777, 6th of Oct. he was taken prisoner at the reduction of Fort Montgomery, and remained so for 10 months, when he was exchanged for Col. Moncrief. Shortly after his exchange he commanded the guard which, under the direction of Sheriff Nicholl of Orange, received Claudius Smith from the Sheriff of Dutchess, at the house of Mr. John Degrove in Newburgh, and conveyed him to Goshen. On the way there they stopped at Dubois' house, to get something to eat. The stairs to the cellar, led down from the jam of the fire place of the room, near which Smith, heavily ironed sat, and a black woman going down, on entering the door, touched his chains, and instantly in a ferocious manner, he ordered her not to touch or interfere in any manner with his property again. This shows that Smith was an unmitigated scoundrel, even in small things. Mr. Dubois kept a public house during the war, and did a good business at it, united with farming, while continental money was plenty. When it began to degenerate in value, he being in the war and a prisoner for almost a year, his family made no use of it, and it accumulated on his hands. He was executor to some of his deceased relatives' estate, and the avails of the inventory and other claims, were paid in to Mrs. Dubois in continental money, while he was a prisoner. By the time he was released and able to attend to his pecuniary affairs, the money had depreciated, and the heirs refused to receive it from him. They demanded payment in hard money, which he could not comply with, but to satisfy them and act the part of more than an honest man, (for the heirs, in law, we think, were bound to receive the money,) he confessed a judgment for the claim. Under this claim, unconcious in the extreme, his large estate was sold at public auction, after his death, with every article of his personal property. He died in 1783, and the judgment was revived against his executors. Thus was his widow with several small children turned out of house and home, to satisfy this demand, without a mouthful to eat, or a knife and fork to eat with, if they had it. This money, consisting of thousands issued by a nation, remained valueless to the family. Was this justice on the part of the government? We think not. We never heard of but two reasons for not paying it, that were worth a moments consideration; that it was largely counterfeited, and was held by speculators who paid nothing for it. It was the business of government to see that it was not counterfeited, and if it was, to punish and prevent. These things the farmer, merchant and soldier could not do, and |