I undertook that office, and the tongues Of all his flattering prophets glibbed with lies To his destruction, as I had in charge; For what he bids I do. Though I have lost Much lustre of my native brightness, lost To be beloved of God, I have not lost To love, at least contemplate and admire, What I see excellent in good, or fair, Or virtuous; I should so have lost all sense: What can be then less in me than desire To see thee and approach thee, whom I know Declared the Son of God, to hear attent Thy wisdom, and behold thy godlike deeds? Men generally think me much a foe
To all mankind: why should I? they to me Never did wrong or violence; by them
I lost not what I lost, rather by them
Among the nations? that hath been thy craft, By mixing somewhat true to vent more lies. But what have been thy anwers, what but dark Ambiguous, and with doublense deluding, Which they who asked have seldom understood: And not well understood as good not known? Who ever by consulting at thy shrine Returned the wiser, or the more instruct, To fly or follow what concerned him most, And run not sooner to his fatal snare? For God hath justly given the nations up To thy delusions; justly, since they fell Idolatrous: but, when his purpose is Among them to declare his providence
To thee not known, whence hast thou then thy truth,
But from him, or his angels president
I gained what I have gained, and with them dwell, In every province? who, themselves disdaining Copartner in these regions of the world,
If not disposer; lend them oft my aid, Oft my advice by presages and signs, And answers, oracles, portents and dreams, Whereby they may direct their future life. Envy they say, excites me, thus to gain Companions of my misery and wo. At first it may be; but long since with wo Nearer acquainted, now I feel, by proof, That fellowship in pain divides not smart, Nor lightens aught each man's peculiar load. Small consolation then, were man adjoined: This wounds me most, (what can it less?) that man,
Man fallen shall be restored, I never more." To whom our Saviour sternly thus replied. "Deservedly thou griev'st, composed of lies From the beginning, and in lies wilt end; Who boast'st release from hell, and leave to come Into the Heaven of Heavens: thou com'st indeed, As a poor miserable captive thrall
Comes to the place where he before had sat Among the prime in splendour, now deposed, Ejected, emptied, gazed unpitied, shunned, A spectacle of ruin, or of scorn,
To all the host of Heaven: the happy place Imparts to thee no happiness, no joy; Rather inflames thy torment; representing Lost bliss, to thee no more communicable, So never more in hell than when in Heaven. But thou art serviceable to Heaven's King. Wilt thon impute to obedience what thy fear Extorts, or pleasure to do ill excites? What but thy malice moved thee to misdeem Of righteous Job, then cruelly to afflict him With all inflictions? but his patience won. The other service was thy chosen task, To be a liar in four hundred mouths; For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. Yet thou pretendest to truth; all oracles
By then are given, and what confessed more true M
To approach thy temples, give thee in command What, to the smallest tittle, thou shalt say To thy adorers? thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st; Then to thyself ascrib'st the truth foretold. But this thy glory shall be soon retrenched; No more shalt thou by oracling abuse The Gentiles; henceforth oracles are ceased, And thou no more with pomp and sacrifice Shall be inquired at Delphos, or elsewhere; At least in vain, for they shall find thee mute. God hath now sent his living oracle Into the world to teach his final will, And sends his Spirit of truth henceforth to dwell In pious hearts, an inward oracle
To all truth requisite for men to know."
So spake our Saviour; but the subtle Fiend, Though inly stung with anger and disdain, Dissembled, and this answer smooth returned. "Sharply thou hast insisted on rebuke, And urged me hard with doings, which not will But misery hath wrested from me. Where Easily can'st thou find one miserable, And not enforced ofttimes to pa t from truth, If it may stand him more instead to lie, Say and unsay, feign, flatter, or abjure, But thou art placed above me, thou art Lord; From thee I can, and must submiss, endure Check or reproof, and glad to 'scape so quit Hard are the ways of truth, and rough to walk, Smooth on the tongue discoursed, pleasing to the
And tuneable as sylvan pipe or song; What wonder then if I delight to hear Her dictates from thy mouth? most men admire Virtue, who follow not her lore: permit me To hear thee when I come, (since no man comes,) And talk at least, though I despair to attain. Thy father, who is holy, wise, and pure, Suffers the hypocrite or atheous priest To tread his sacred courts, and minister
About his a'tar, handling holy things, Praying or vowing; and vouchsafed his voice To Balaam reprobate, a prophet yet Inspired: disdain not such access to me."
To whom our Saviour, with unaltered brow. "Thy coming hither, though I know thy scope, I bid not, or forbid; do as thou find'st Permission from above; thou canst not more." He added not; and Satan, bowing low His gray dissimulation, disappeared Into thin air diffused: for now began Night with her sullen wings to double-shade. The desert; fowls in their clay nests were couched; And now wild beasts came forth the woods to roam.
The disciples of Jesus, uneasy at his long absence, reason amongst themselves concerning it. Mary also gives vent to her maternal anxiety; in the expression of which she recapitulates many circumstances respecting the birth and early Life of her Son.-Satan again meets his Infernal Council, reports the bad success of his first temptation of our Blessed Lord, and calls upon them for counsel and assistance. Belial proposes tempting of Jesus with women. Satan rebukes Belial for his fissoluteness, charging on him all the profligacy of that kind ascribed by the poets to the heathen gods, and rejects his proposal as in no respect likely to succeed. Satan then suggests other modes of temptation, particularly proposing to avail nimself of the circumstance of our Lord's hungering; and, taking a band of chosen spirits with him, returns to resume his enterprise.-Jesus hungers in the desert. Night comes on: the manner in which our Saviour passes the night is described-Morning advances.-Satan again appears to Jesus,
and, after expressing wonder that he should be so entirely neglected in the wilderness, where others had been miracu!ously fed, tempts him with a sumptuous banquet of the most luxurious kind.—This he rejects, and the banquet vanishes. Satan, finding our Lord not to be assailed on the ground of appetite, tempts him again by offering him riches, as the means of acquiring power: this Jesus also rejects, producing many instances of great actions performed by persons under virtuous poverty, and specifying the danger of riches, and the cares and pains inseparable 'rom power and greatness.
MEANWHILE the new baptized, who yet remained At Jordan with the Baptist, and had seen Him whom they heard so late expressly called Jesus Messiah, Son of God declared, And on that high authority had believed, And with him talked and with him lodged; I mean Andrew and Simon, famous after known, With others though in holy writ not named; Now missing him their joy so lately found, (So lately found, and so abruptly gone,) Began to doubt and doubted many days, And, as the days increased, increased their doubt; Sonetimes they thought he might be only shown, And for a time caught up to God, as once Moses was in the mount, and missing long; And the great Thisbite, who on fiery wheels
Rode up to Heaven, yet once again to come; Therefore, as those young prophets then with care Sought lost Elijah, so in each place these Nigh to Bethabara in Jericho
The city of palms, Enon and Salem old, Macharus, and each town or city wahed On this side the broad lake Genezaret, Or in Peræa; but returned in vain. Then on the bank of Jordan, by a creek, Where winds with reeds and osiers whispenag play,
Plain fishermen, (no greater men them call,) Close in a cottage low together got, Their unexpected loss and plaints out breathed.
Alas, from what high hope to what relapse Unlooked for are we fallen! our eyes beheld Messiah certainly now come, so long Expected of our fathers; we have heard His words, his wisdom full of grace and truth; Now, now, for sure, deliverance is at hand, The kingdom shall to Israel be restored: Thus we rejoiced, but soon our joy is turned Into perplexity and new amaze: For whither is he gone, what accident Hath wrapt him from us? will he now retire After appearance, and again prolong Our expectation? God of Israel, Send thy Messiah forth, the time is come! Behold the kings of the earth, how they oppress Thy chosen; to what height their power unjust They have exalted, and behind them cast All fear of thee; arise and vindicate Thy glory; free thy people from their yoke! But let us wait; thus far he hath performed, Sent his Anointed, and to us revealed him, By his great Prophet, pointed at and shown In public, and with him we have conversed; Let us be glad of this, and all our fears Lay on his providence; he will not fail, Nor will withdraw him now, nor will recall, Mock us with his blest sight, then snatch him hence;
Soon we shall see our Hope, our Joy return.”
Thus they, out of their plaints, new hope re
To find whom at the first they found unsought: But, to his mother Mary, when she saw Others returned from baptism, not her son, Nor left at Jordan tidings of him none, Within her breast, though calm, her breast though pure,
Motherly cares and fears got head, and raised Some troubled thoughts, which she in sighs thus clad.
"O what avails me now that honour high To have conceived of God, or that salute, Hail, highly favoured, among women blessed" While I to sorrows am no less advanced, And fears as eminent, above the lot
Of other women, by the birth I bore; In such a season born, when scarce a shed Could be obtained to shelter him or me From the bleak air; a stable was our warmth, A manger his; yet soon enforced to fly Thence into Egypt, till the murderous king Were dead, who sought his life, and missing filled With infant blood the streets of Bethlehem: From Egypt home returned, in Nazareth Hath been our dwelling many years; his life Private, unactive, calm, contemplative, Little suspicious to any king; but now, Full grown to man, acknowledged, as I hear, By John the Baptist, and in public shown, Son owned from Heaven by his Father's voice, I looked for some great change; to honour? no; But trouble, as old Simeon plain foretold, That to the fall and rising, he should be Of many in Israel, and to a sign
Spoken against, that through my very soul A sword shall pierce: this is my favoured lot, My exaltation to afflictions high; Afflicted I may be, it seems, and blest; I will not argue that, nor will repine.
But where delays he now? some great intent Conceals him: when twelve years he scarce had seen,
I lost him, but so found, as well as saw He could not lose himself, but went about His Father's business; what he meant I mused, Since understood; much more his absence now Thus long to some great purpose he obscures. But I to wait with patience am inured; My heart hath been a storehouse long of things And sayings laid up, portending strange events." Thus Mary, pondering oft, and oft to mind Recalling what remarkably had passed Since first her salutation heard, with thoughts Meekly composed awaited the fulfilling: The while her son, tracing the desert wild, Sole, but with holiest meditations fed, Into himself descended, and at once All his great work to come before him set; How to begin, how to accomplish best His end of being on earth, and mission high: For Satan, with sly preface to return, Had left him vacant, and with speed was gone Up to the middle region of thick air, Where all his potentates in council sat; There, without sign of boast, or sign of joy, Solicitous and blank, he thus began.
"Princes, Heaven's ancient sons, thrones,
Threatens than our expulsion down to hell. I, as I undertook, and with the vote Consenting in full frequence was empowered, Have found him, viewed him, tasted him; but find Far other labour to be undergone
Than when I dealt with Adam, first of men, Though Adam by his wife's allurement fell, However to this Man inferior far;
If he be man by mother's side, at least With more than human gifts from Heaven adornea, Perfections absolute, graces divine,
And amplitude of mind to greatest deeds. Therefore I am returned, lest confidence Of my success with Eve in Paradise Deceive ye to persuasion over sure Of like succeeding here: I summon all Rather to be in readiness, with hand Or counsel to assist; lest I, who erst Thought none my equal, now be overmatched."
So spake the old Serpent, doubting; and from ali With clamour was assured their utmost aid At his command: when from amidst them rose Belial, the dissolutest spirit that fell, The sensualist, and, after Asmodai, The fleshliest incubus; and thus advised.
"Set women in his eye, and in his walk Among daughters of men the fairest found: Many are in each region passing fair As the noon sky; more like to goddesses Than mortal creatures; graceful and discreet, Expert in amorous arts, enchanting tongues Pursuasive, virgin majesty with mild And sweet allayed, yet terrible to approach; Skilled to retire, and, in retiring, draw Hearts after them tangled in amorous nets. Such object hath the power to soften and tame Severest temper, smooth the rugged'st brow Enerve, and with voluptuous hope dissolve, Draw out with credulous desire, and lead At will the manliest, resolutest breast, As the magnetic hardest iron draws. Women, when nothing else beguiled the heart Of wisest Solomon, and made him build, And made him bow, to the gods of his wives."
To whom quick answer Satan thus returned "Belial, in much uneven scale thou weighest All others by thyself: because of old Thou thyself doted'st on womankind, admiring Their shape, their colour, and attractive grace None are, thou think'st, but taken with such toys Before the flood, thou with thy lusty crew, ethereal False titled sons of God, roaming the earth, Cast wanton eyes on the daughters of men, And coupled with them, and begot a race. Have we not seen, or by relation heard,
Demonian spirits now, from the element Each of his reign allotted, rightlier called Powers of fire, air, water, and earth beneath. (So may we hold our place and these mild seats Without new trouble,) such an enemy Is risen to invade us, who no less
In courts and regal cha nbers how thou lurk'st. In wood or grove, by missy fountain side, In valley or green meadow, to waylay Some beauty rare, Calisto, Clymene
Daphne, or Semele, Antiopa,
Or Amymone, Syrinx, many more
Too long; then lay'st thy scapes on names adored, Apollo, Neptune Jupiter, or Pan, Satyr, or Faun, or Sylvan? But these haunts Delight not all; among the sons of men,
How many have with a smile made small account Of Beauty and her lures, easily scorned, All her assaults, on worthier things intent! Remember that Pellean conqueror,
A youth, how ail the beauties of the east He slightly viewed, and slightly overpassed; How he surnamed of Africa dismissed, In his prime youth, the fair Iberian maid. For Solomon, he lived at ease, and full Of honour, wealth, high fare, aimed not beyond Higher design than to enjoy his state; Thence to the bait of women lay exposed: But he whom we attempt is wiser far
Than Solomon, of more exalted mind,
Made and set wholly on the accomplishment
"Where will this end? four times ten days I've
Wandering this woody maze, and human food Nor tasted, nor had appetite; that fast To virtue I impute not, or count part Of what I suffer here; if nature need not, Or God support nature without repast Though needing, what praise is it to endure? But now I feel I hunger, which declares Nature hath need of what she asks; yet God Can satisfy that need some other way, Though hunger still remain; so it remain Without this body's wasting, I content me, And from the sting of famine fear no harm; Nor mind it, fed with better thoughts, that feed Me hungering more to do my Father's will."
It was the hour of night, when thus the Son Communed in silent walk, then laid him down Under the hospitable covert nigh
Of trees thick interwoven; there he slept, And dreamed, as appetite is wont to dream,
Of greatest things. What woman will you find,Of meats and drinks, nature's refreshment sweet.
Though of this age the wonder and the fame, On whom his leisure will vouchsafe an eye Of fond desire? or should she, confident, As sitting queen adored on Beauty's throne, Descend with all her winning charms begirt To enamour, as the zone of Venus once Wrought that effect on Jove, so fables tell: How would one look from his majestic brow, Seated as on the top of virtue's hill, Discountenance her despised, and put to rout All her array; her female pride deject, Or turn to reverent awe! for beauty stands In the admiration only of weak minds Led captive; cease to admire, and all her plumes Fall flat, and shrink into a trivial toy, At every sudden slighting quite abashed: Therefore with manlier objects we must try His constancy; with such as have more show Of worth, of honour, glory, and popular praise; Rocks, whereon greatest men have oftest wrecked; Or that which only seems to satisfy Lawful desires of nature, not beyond; And now I know he hungers, where no food Is to be found, in the wide wilderness: The rest commit to me; I shall let pass No advantage, and his strength as oft assay." Hle ceased, and heard their grant in loud ac- claim:
T'hen forthwith to him takes a chosen band Of spirits, likest to himself in guile, To be at hand, and at his beck appear, If cause were to unfold some active scene Of various persons, each to know his part: Then to the desert takes with these his flight; Where, still from shade to shade, the Son of God After forty days fasting had remained, Now hungering first, and to himself thus said.
Him thought, he by the brook of Cherith stood, And saw the ravens with their horny beaks Food to Elijah bringing, even and morn, Though ravenous, taught to abstain from what they brought:
He saw the prophet also, how he fled Into the desert, and how there he slept Under a juniper; then how awaked He found his supper on the coals prepared, And by the angel was bid rise and eat, And eat the second time after repose, The strength whereof sufficed him forty days: Sometimes that with Elijah he partook, Or as a guest with Daniel at his pulse. Thus wore out night; and now the herald lark Left his ground-nest, high towering to descry The morn's approach, and greet her with his song; As lightly from his grassy couch up rose Our Saviour, and found all was but a dream; Fasting he went to sleep, and fasting waked. Up to a hill anon his steps he reared, From whose high top to ken the prospect round, If cottage were in view, sheep-cote, or herd; But cottage, herd, or sheep-cote none he saw; Only in a bottom saw a pleasant grove, With chant of tuncful birds resounding loud: Thither he bent his way, determined there To rest at noon; and entered soon the shade High roofed and walks beneath, and alleys brown That opened in the midst a woody scene; Nature's own work it seemed, nature taught art, And, to a superstitious eye, the haunt Of woodgods and woodnymphs: he viewed it round.
When suddenly a man before him stood, Not rustic as before, but seemlier clad, As one in city, or court, or palaco bred,
And with fair speech these words to him addressed. "With granted leave officious I return, But much more wonder that the Son of God In this wild solitude so long should bide, Of all things destitute, and, well I know, Not without hunger. Others of some note, As story tells, have trod this wilderness; The fugitive bond woman, with her son Outcast Nebaioth, yet found here relief By a providing angel; all the race
Of Israel here had famished, had not God Rained from Heaven manna; and that prophet bold,
Native of Thebez, wandering here was fed Twice by a voice inviting him to eat:
Of thee these forty days none hath regard, Forty and more deserted here indeed."
Than Ganymed or Hylas; distant more Under the trees now tripped, now solemn stood, Nymphs of Diana's train, and Naiades With fruits or flowers from Amalthea's horn, And ladies of th' Hesperides, that seemed Fairer than famed of old, or fabled since Of fairy damsels, met in forests wide By nights of Logres, or of Lyones, Lancelot, or Pelleas, or Pellenore:
And all the while harmonious airs were heard Of chiming strings, or charming pipes; and wind Of gentlest gale Arabian odours fanned
From their soft wings, and Flora's earliest smells Such was the splendour; and the Tempter now His invitation earnestly renewed.
"What doubts the Son of God to sit and eat? These are not fruits forbidden; no interdict
To whom thus Jesus. "What conclud'st thou Defends the touching of these viands pure;
They all had need; I, as thou seest, have none." "How hast thou hunger then?" Satan replied. "Tell me if food were now before thee set, Would'st thou not eat?" "Thereafter as I like The giver," answered Jesus. "Why should that Cause thy refusal ?" said the subtle fiend. "Hast thou not right to all created things? Owe not all creatures by just right to thee Duty and service, nor to stay till bid, But tender all their power? nor mention I Meats by the law unclean, or offered first To idols, those young Daniel could refuse; Nor proffered by an enemy, though who Would scruple that, with want oppressed? hold,
Nature ashamed, or, better to express,
Their taste no knowledge works, at least of evil, But life preserves, destroys life's enemy, Hunger, with sweet restorative delight. All these are spirits of air, and woods, and springs Thy gentle ministers, who come to pay Thee homage, and acknowledge thee their Lord: What doubt'st thou, Son of God? sit down and eat."
To whom thus Jesus temperately replied. "Said'st thou not that to all things I had right? And who withholds my power that right to use? Shall I receive by gift what of my own,
When and where likes me best, I can command I can at will, doubt not, as soon as thou, Be- Command a table in this wilderness, And call swift flights of angels ministrant Arrayed in glory on my cup to attend:
Troubled, that thou should'st hunger, hath pur- Why should'st thou then obtrude this diligence,
From all the elements her choicest store, To treat thee, as beseems, and as her Lord, With honour: only deign to sit and eat.”
He spake no dream; for, as his words had end, Our Saviour lifting up his eyes beheld, In ample space under the broadest shade, A table richly spread in regal mode, With dishes piled, and meats of noblest sort And savour; beasts of chase, or fowl of game, In pastry built, or from the spit, or boiled, Grisamber-steamed ;* all fish, from sea or shore, Freshet or purling brook, of shell or fin, And exquisitest name, for which was drained Pontus, and Lucrine bay, and Afric coast. (Alas, how simple, to these cates compared, Was that crude apple that diverted Eve!) And at a stately side-board, by the wine That fragrant smell diffused, in order stood Tall stripling youths rich clad, of fairer hue
In vain, where no acceptance it can find? And with my hunger what hast thou to do? Thy pompous delicacies I contemn,
And count thy specious gifts no gifts, but guiles." To whom thus answered Satan malcontent. "That I have also power to give thou seest; If of that power I bring thee voluntary What I might have bestowed on whom I pleased, And rather opportunely in this place Choose to impart to thy apparent need, Why should'st thou not accept it? but I see What I can do or offer is suspect,
Of these things others quickly will dispose, Whose pains have earned thee far-fet spoil." With
Both table and provision vanished quite With sound of harpics' wings and talons heard, Only the importune Tempter still remained, And with these words his temptation pursued.
"By hunger, that each other creature tames, Thou art not to be harmed, therefore not moved
• Grisamber-steamed"-Scented with ambergris; a spe- Thy temperance, invincible besides, des of luxury in Milton's time.
For no allurements yields to appetite;
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