[Papers which are more than a few years old are most conveniently obtained from King and Son (as above). Where a report extends to two or more volumes, each volume can be bought separately.] i. Education. Commission on Popular Education, 1861. 6 vols. 183. 20 10. Commission on the Working of the Elementary Education Acts. (England and Wales), 1886. Report, 56; Evidence, etc. (10 vols.) 48/1. Schools Inquiry Commission, 1868. 21 vols. 69.3. Technical Education Commission, 1882-84. 174. Report to Charity Commissioners (London Polytechnics), 1890. 2/5. ii. Labor Questions. Children's Employment. Committees: 1816, 5-; 1818, 5-; 1819 (Lords), 6; 1832, 76; 1840-41 (Working of Factory Acts), 9-. Commissions: 1833-34 (Factories), 25-; 1843-45 (Mines and Factories), 21; 1863-67 (Unregulated Trades), 18 6. Children and Women in Agriculture. 1868-70, 24/6. Combination Laws: 1824, 76; 1825, 6 Commissions: 1843, 2-; Employers' Liability. Committee, 1876-77, 36; 1886, 71. Factory Acts (Working of) Committee, 1840-41, 9-; Commission, 1876, 12.6. Hours of Labor in Various Trades, 1850-90. 8d. Hours of Labor and Wages in Colonies, 1892. 7d. Labor Commission, 1892-3. Digest of Evidence. Evidence, etc. (in course of publication). Minutes of Mines Commission, 1864. 21- Committee, 1866-67. 76. Railway Servants' Hours of Labor Committee, 1891-92. 611d. Trade Unions' Committee, 1838, 6-. Commission: 1867-69, 20-; Report on Sheffield Outrages, 1867, 5 Truck System. Committee, 1842, 26 Commission, 1871, 10 Wages, 1832-86, 48; Textile Trades, 1889, 1/6; Mines, 1891, 1Government form of Contract, 1892, 23d. (The Foreign Office Papers, published at short intervals for a few pence each, contain much useful information as to the condition of Labor in Foreign Countries.) iii. Land, Housing, &c. Artisans' Dwellings Committee, 1881-82, 12/3. Crofters' Commission, 1886-89. 5/10. Housing of the Working Classes Commission, 1885. Report (reprinted, 1889) 8d.; Evidence, 7/8. Market Rights and Tolls Commission, 1888-91, 53.9. Mining Rents and Royalties Commission, 1889-90, 710. Small Holdings Committee, 1888-90.5/ Town Holdings Committee, 1886-92. Report, 4d.; Evidence, etc. 28/2. iv. Poor Law, &c. Poor Law Commission, 1834 (reprinted 1885), 29. [index, 9d. Poor Law Guardians (System of Election) Committee, 1878, 3/10; The e following Writers are preparing Volumes for this Series Dr. W. H. Burnham, Prof. E. D. Cope, Prof. H. H. Donaldson (Chicago), Havelock Ellis, Prof. G. F. Fitzgerald, Prof. J. Geikie, Prof. A. C. Haddon, Dr. J. B. Longstaff, Prof. C. Lloyd. Morgan, Dr. Louis Robinson, Prof. James Mavor, Prof. O. Mason (Washington), Frank Podmore (Psychical Research Society), etc., etc. LONDON WALTER SCOTT, LTD., 24, WARWICK LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW. the Secretary, at the Fabian Office, 276 Strand, London, W.C. FABIAN ESSAYS IN SOCIALISM. Library Edition, 6/-; or, direct from the Secretary for Cash, 4/6 (postage, 4}d.). Cheap Edition, Paper cover, 1/-; plain cloth, 2/-. At all booksellers, or post free from the Secretary for 1/- and 2/- respectively. FABIAN TRACTS. 1. Why are the Many Poor? 100th thous. pp., 6 for 1d.; 1/- per 100. 5. Facts for Socialists. A survey of the distribution of income and the con dition of classes in England, gathered from official returns, and from the works of economists and statisticians. 6th edition; revised 1893. 55th thousand... 16 pp., 1d.; or 9d. per doz. 7.-Capital and Land. A similar survey of the distribution of property, with a criticism of the distinction sometimes set up between Land and Capital as instruments of production. 4th ed.; revised 1893. 16 pp., 1d.; or 9d. doz. 8. Facts for Londoners. 5th thousand. 56 pp., 6d.; or 4/6 per doz. 10. Figures for Londoners. 20th thous. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.;-1/- per 100. 11. The Workers' Political Program. 20th thous. 20 pp., 1d.; 9d. per doz. 12. Practicable Land Nationalization. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 13. What Socialism Is. 80th thous. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 14. The New Reform Bill. A draft Act of Parliament providing for Adult Suffrage, Payment of Members and their election expenses, Second Ballot, and a thorough system of Registration. 15th thous. 20 pp., 1d.; 9d. doz. 15. English Progress towards Social Democracy. 1d.; 9d. per doz. 16.-A Plea for an Eight Hours Bill. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; 1/- per 100. 17.-Reform of the Poor Law. 20 pp., 1d.; 9d. per doz. 18.--Facts for Bristol. 16 pp., 1d.; or 9d, per doz. 19. What the Farm Laborer Wants. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 20. Questions for Poor Law Guardians. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 21.-Questions for London Vestrymen. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 22.-The Truth about Leasehold Enfranchisement, gives reasons why Socialists oppose the proposal. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 23. The Case for an Eight Hours Bill. 16 pp., 1d.; or 9d. per doz. 24. Questions for Parliamentary Candidates. 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 25.-Questions for School Board Candidates. 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 26. Questions for London County Councillors. 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 27.-Questions for Town Councillors. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 28. Questions for County Councillors (Rural). 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 29. What to Read. A List of Books for Social Reformers. Contains the best books and blue-books relating to Economics, Socialism, Labor Movements, Poverty, etc. 2nd ed.; revised 1893. Paper cover, 3d. each; or 2/3 per doz. 38. A Welsh Translation of No. 1. 4 pp., 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 39.-A Democratic Budget. 16 pp., 1d.; or 9d. per doz. 40. The Fabian Manifesto for the General Election of 1892. 16 pp., 1d. each; or 9d. per doz. 41. The Fabian Society: What it has done and how it has done it. 32 pp., 1d. each; or 9d. per doz. 42. Christian Socialism. each; or 9d. per doz. By the Rev. STEWART D. HEADLAM. 16 pp., 1d. 43.-Vote, Vote, Vote. 2 pp. leaflet; 5/- per 1,000. 44.-A Plea for Poor Law Reform. 4 pp. 6 for 1d.; or 1/- per 100. 45.-The Impossibilities of Anarchism. By G. BERNARD SHAW. 28 pp., 2d. " each; or 1/6 per doz. FABIAN MUNICIPAL PROGRAM (Tracts Nos. 30 to 37). 1. The Unearned Increment. 2. London's Heritage in the City Guilds. 3. Municipalization of the Gas Supply. 4. Municipal Tramways. 5. London's Water Tribute. 6. Municipalization of the London Docks. 7. The Scandal of London's Markets. 8. A Labor Policy for Public Authorities. Each 4 pp. The eight in a red cover for 1d. (9d. per doz.); or separately 1/- per 100. The set post free for 2s. 3d.; Bound in Buckram, post free for 3s. 9d. Manifesto of English Socialists. Issued by the Joint Committee of Socialist Bodies. In red cover. 8 pp., 1d. each; or 9d. per doz. Parcels to the value of 10/- and upwards, post free. The Fabian Municipal Program No. 1. UNEARNED INCREMENT.' What is Meant by It. THE "Unearned Increment" from land is the amount added to its selling value by the mere increase of the community in population and productive power. Thus John Stuart Mill said: "The ordinary progress of a society which increases in wealth, is at all times "tending to augment the incomes of landlords; to give them both a greater "amount and a greater proportion of the wealth of the community, independently of "any trouble or outlay incurred by themselves. They grow richer, as it were, in "their sleep, without working, risking or economizing. What claim have they on the "general principle of social justice, to this accession of riches?"-Principles of "Political Economy. Book v. Chap. ii. § 5 (p. 492 of 1865 Edition). And Professor Thorold Rogers added: 66 "Every permanent improvement of the soil, every railway and road, every 'bettering of the general condition of society, every facility given for production, "every stimulus supplied to consumption, raises rent. The landowner sleeps, but "thrives. He alone, among all the recipients in the distribution of products, owes everything to the labour of others, contributes nothing of his own. He inherits 'part of the fruits of present industry, and has appropriated the lion's share of "accumulated intelligence."-Political Economy. Ch. xii. 66 How to Calculate It. We must distinguish between the value added to land merely by the increase in population, and that due to artificial improvements. The latter, in a sense, is not "unearned" increment, from the point of view of the community, because it is caused directly by the labour of those who have worked on the land. But even this may be really unearned" as regards the landlord, if he has himself contributed no labor in return. The annual rental of the metropolitan area at the revaluation in 1891 was nearly £40,000,000, representing a saleable value, if only 15 years' purchase be taken, of £600,000,000. In 1870 the annual rental was about £22,000,000, equal to a saleable value of £330,000,000. The total increment during those 21 years was, therefore, nearly eighteen millions a year rent, representing a growth in saleable value of no less than £270.000,000. A large part of this increased value was, however, caused by expenditure on new buildings. The suburban districts have been filling up; and the central districts have been extensively rebuilt. Fortunately the annual revision of the valuation list enables us to distinguish between new buildings (together with any structural alterations to old ones) and the rise in rent of unaltered land and buildings. We are thus able to ascertain separately, from official figures, the annual growth from this cause in all years except those of the quinquennial revaluation. As those periods have no influence on the building trades, it is fair to assume that the average of the other years applies also to them; and thus |