THE GARDEN IN THE NINEteenth CENTURY Wordsworth-Scott-Southey-Sydney Smith-Lamb-Landor-Hallam -Lord Campbell - Humphry Davy-Washington Irving-Leigh Hunt-John Wilson (Chris. North)-Thomas Love Peacock-Byron -Schopenhauer-Lamartine-Shelley-Thomas Arnold-Whewell- Heine-Alcott-Newman-Victor Hugo-Bulwer Lytton-Douglas Jerrold-George Sand-Benjamin Disraeli-Hawthorne-Alphonse Karr-O. W. Holmes-Poe-Maurice de Guérin-Gautier-Kinglake -Thoreau-Baudelaire - Amiel-de Goncourt-Renan-Mortimer Collins-James('Carthusian')—' Quarterly Review'-Helps-Stirling Maxwell-Watson-Ruskin-Matthew Arnold-William Morris- Walter Pater-'Vernon Lee'-Mrs Meynell-Henry Bright-George Milner-Alfred Austin-Zola-R. Blomfield and Inigo Thomas- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. THE LADY in the Garden, STOBHALL, PERTHSHIRE. FRED WALKER, A. R.A. 2. AN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN GARDEN (after Rosellini) Frontispiece PAGE 2 3. GENERALIFE, GRANADA, SPAIN. GEORGE S. ELGOOD, R.I. To face 86 4. THE GARDEN of Fin, Kashan, Persia To face 127 5. VILLA MUTI, FRASCATI, ITALY. GEORGE S. ELGOOD, R.I. To face 161 To face 212 G. 8. INNER GARDEN OF THE HOUSE OF AULUS Vettius, recENTLY EXCAVATED AT POMPEII To face 289 323 9. PLAN OF THE ABBEY GARDEN of St Gall, by a Monk of THE NINTH CENTURY 10. THE GARDEN OF LOVE.' FROM THE EARLIEST KNOWN II. THE TERRACED GARDENS OF ST GERMAIN-EN-LAYE, 1523. 12. THE TUDOR 'POND YARD' OR GARDEN, HAMPTON Court, 13. THE VILLA D'ESTE, TIVOLI. AFTER PIRANESI, 1765 335 339 15. A GARDEN, ENGRAVED BY CRISPIN DE PASS. FROM THE 'HORTUS FLORIDUS,' ARNHEIM, 1614 16. THE TITLE-PAGE OF GERARDE's 'HERBALL,' IST EDITION, 1597 THE PRAISE OF GARDENS CHAPTER I ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, HEBREW, PERSIAN, SYRIAN, GREEK AND SHE HE led me, hand in hand, and we went into her garden to EGYPTIAN converse together. There she made me taste of excellent honey. The rushes of the garden were verdant, and all its bushes flourishing. There were currant trees and cherries redder than the ruby.1 and the groves had the lustre of the stone nashem.3 The menni unshelled like cocoa-nuts they brought to us, its shade was fresh and airy, and soft for the repose of love; 'and enjoy thyself a day in the room of 'The Tale of the Garden of Flowers, translated by M. Gardens are frequently represented in the tombs of Thebes and other parts of Egypt, many of which are remarkable for their extent. The one here introduced is shown to have been surrounded by an embattled wall, with a canal of water passing in front of it, connected with the river. Between the canal and the wall, and parallel to them both, was a shady avenue of various trees; and about the centre was the entrance, through a lofty door 1 Fruits termed Kaion and Tipau, which probably had nothing in common with cherries and currants except their colour. 2 The Persea fruit, a species of sacred almond. 3 Green felspar, or Amazon stone. A 4 An unknown fruit. MS. whose lintel and jambs were decorated with hieroglyphic inscriptions, containing the name of the owner of the grounds, who in this instance was the King himself. The vines were traced on a trellis-work, supported by transverse rafters resting on pillars; and a wall extending round it separated this part from the rest of the garden. At the upper end were suites of rooms on three different storeys, looking upon green trees, and affording a pleasant retreat in the heat of summer On the outside of the vineyard wall were planted rows of palms, which occurred again with the dôm and other trees, along the whole length of the exterior wall: four tanks of water, bordered by a grass plot, where geese were kept, and the delicate flower of the lotus was encouraged to grow, served for the irrigation of the grounds; and small kiosks, or summer-houses, shaded with trees, stood near the water, and overlooked beds of flowers.—Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson, The Ancient Egyptians.'1 A GARDEN enclosed is my sister, my spouse; a spring shut SOLOMON Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, Spikenard and saffron; calamus and cinnamon, with all trees of frankincense; myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices. A fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and streams from Lebanon. Awake, O north wind: and come, thou south; blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden, and eat his pleasant fruits.--The Song of Solomon. AND without the court-yard hard by the door is a great garden, HOMER (B.c. of four plough-gates, and a hedge runs round on either side. 962-927). And there grow tall trees blossoming, pear-trees and pomegranates, and apple-trees with bright fruit, and sweet figs, and olives in their bloom. The fruit of these trees never perisheth, neither faileth winter or summer, enduring through all the year. Evermore the West Wind blowing brings some fruits to birth and 1 From an interesting paper in the Morning Post by Mr Percy E. Newberry, I gather, while correcting these proof sheets, that there is a Tomb at Thebes of a man named Nekht, who, under Thotmes III. (about 1500 B.C.), held the office of Head Gardener of the Gardens attached to the Temple of Karnak, which there is good reason to suppose were designed by him as represented in our illustration. This tomb was discovered first by Mr Robert Hay early in the century, during a residence of thirteen years in the Nile Valley, and has now been re-explored and excavated afresh by Mr Newberry, Lord Northampton, and Dr Spiegelberg. |