experiences which have been received at the same time tend to return in consciousness when one of that series is brought to consciousness. For example, if you see a person you have not seen in years, it brings back memories of what happened on the day the person was seen years ago. This law is one we make use of in reviving the memories of a particular day. We also make use of it in deciding whether certain memories are real or invented.

Association by concurrence also includes the relation of cause and effect. Certain things cause other things. In the ordinary course of events, one thing produces another: effect follows cause. The percepts resulting from our observation of nature are received in a certain definite order. If the relation of cause and effect is observed, when the cause comes to consciousness, the effect comes to consciousness. Or, when the relation is well established, if the effect is seen, the cause is thought of. In this connection, however, it is to be noted that science deals not with ultimate causes, but with proximate causes, based on sequence relation. Our system of education weakens the cause and effect association. The average adult past the age of twenty-five or thirty seldom thinks of cause and effect.

LESSON IV

HOW TO REMEMBER NAMES, FACES AND ERRANDS

A good memory for names and faces is a valuable asset to anyone whose business brings him in contact with people. The salesman with a poor memory for names and faces has a handicap which restricts his advancement. Every successful politician finds it necessary to develop this faculty.

To remember faces you must observe faces, compare faces, study faces. When you meet a person for the first time, one or two glances at his face will not be sufficient to insure your remembering him-that is, unless you have a well-developed talent along this line. When a young man meets a young woman to whom he at once takes a liking, or vice versa, there is no trouble about recognition. at the second meeting of the two. Why? He is interested in her, or she in him.

Take an interest in the face of every person you meet; notice the nose, the eyes, the eyebrows, the mouth, the chin, the ears, the forehead, the color of the skin, and any peculiarities in the form of any of these features. Remember the principle that a clear first impression is the first essential of mem

ory.

The same holds true in regard to names. Those who complain that they have a poor memory for names are those who give but little attention to names. When introduced to a person they are more or less self-conscious and have their mind on saying "I'm pleased to meet you," or some similar phrase, and are listening to what the stranger says in return so that they do not get a clear first impression of the name. The way to overcome this difficulty is to forget yourself, and concentrate your attention on the stranger's face and name. It is much more important that you get a clear first impression of his name than to hear the words he uses in acknowledging the introduction. If the person making the introduction does not pronounce the name clearly, or it is an unusual name, ask him or the stranger to repeat it. It is better that the owner of the name should repeat it, for this will aid you in associating his face and his name. Then you should repeat the name aloud yourself—thus bringing your motor memory into play.

If you meet several persons during a day or evening, it is an excellent plan, before going to bed at night, to sit down and go over each introduction, recalling the surroundings, the person introduced, his appearance, and his name. Write each name, and speak it aloud, at the same time trying to form a mental picture of the person. If you will do this faithfully, you will soon find

your memory for names and faces greatly improved.

REMEMBERING ERRANDS

Probably everyone knows how easy it is to forget to mail a letter. The remedy for this is as follows: When starting out with the letter, impress on the mind that the letter is to be put in a street mail-box, and that the sight of a mail-box will recall the mailing of the letter. Then by developing the power of observation, you will not fail to see one or more mail-boxes when passing along the street, and seeing the mail-box will remind you of the letter.

If one has a number of errands to do, it is hardly worth while to attempt to remember them by sheer memory effort, for it is not a case of something you want to retain in the mind permanently. When the errands have been done, the necessity for further mental effort has passed, and in such a case it is much more rational to rely on a written memorandum.

LESSON V

NUMBERS, DATES, PRICES, ETC.

There are various ways of remembering numbers, dates, prices, and other figures, but all are based on the fundamental laws of attention, interest, concentration, and association. Some persons have a remarkable memory for figures, without seeming to use any special method or exerting any particular effort. Most such persons are strong visualizers and remember by what might be called mental photography of the figuresthey form strong mental images of the numbers and retain them easily. To those not thus naturally gifted, more conscious effort is necessary.

The volcano of Fujiyama, Japan, is 12,365 feet high. By observing that the first two and last three figures represent respectively the number of months and the number of days in a year, an association is formed, and the number is not forgotten. Suppose it is desired to remember the number 1352; note that the first two figures represent the number of playing cards in any given suit (10 spot cards plus 3 court cards), while the last two represent the total number of cards