questions; Defection of the Belgian members employed by the king; Condition

of the Netherlands during the administration of Villele in France; Union of the

liberal party with the king; Union of the liberals with the catholic priesthood;

Grievances complained of; Address to the king; Decennial budget rejected by

the second chamber; New election; Meeting of the legislature; No promise of

redress in the king's speech; Budget rejected; The king dismisses soine of the

officers of his household for voting against the budget; His reasons for doing it ;

Public excitement; Subscription for the relief of the dismissed officers; Associa-

tion formed; Its object; De Potter; Constitution of the association; Prosecution

of some of the liberal editors; Seizure of the cosrespondence between De Potter,

and Tielmans; Its nature; Character of De Potter; Trial of the prisoners;

Their banishment; Proceedings of the government; General remarks. Page 183

CHAPTER III.

Publication of an article in the Gazette of the Low Countries; The effect of it on

the minds of the people; The effect in Brussels; Wheat duty; Uneasiness of

the citizens; Assemblage at the theatre; A body of men proceed to the house of

the editor of the National and destroy the furniture; Inteference of the public;

Attack on the hotel of Van Maanen; Seizure of the arms of the gun smiths; En-

gagement between the people and the soldiery; Proclamation of the provisional

regency abolishing the grinding duty; Organization of the civic guard; Second

proclamation; Standard of Brabant displayed from the town hall; Illumination;

Restoration of tranquillity; Prince of Orange; Waited upon by a deputation of

the city; Enters Brussels; Speech; Appointment of a commission to consider

the grievances of the people; They meet at the palace; The prince goes to the

Hague; Disturbances in other places; Proclamation of the King; Meeting of

the states general; Speech from the throne; General remarks.

Page 198

CHAFTER IV.

The Belgians dissatisfied with the conduct of the commissioners; Conduct of the

king; Party in favor of the independence of Belgium; Proclamation of the

committee of public safety; Its effect on the people: Proclamation of prince

Frederick; The people of Brussels prepare for an engagement; Commencement

of hostilities; Description of the battle in the streets of Brussels; Retreat of

prince Frederick; Revolt spreads into other places; Arrival of De Potter; His

reception; Declaration of the independence of Belgium; Reflections; Plan of

the system of elections; Prince of Orange appointed to the government of the

southern provinces; His proclamation; General remarks.

Page 217

CHAPTER V.

Progress of the revolution; Prince of Orange retires from Antwerp; Proclama.

tion; Revolt of the citizens of Antwerp; Battle of the 26th, and 27th of October;

Retreat of the Dutch to the citadel; Bombardment of the town; Letter of the

governor to the Dutch general; Convention for the suspension of hostilities;

Meeting of the Belgian congress; Preliminary proceedings; Important provis-

ions of the new constitution; Majority of the congress in favor of monarchy ;

Union of the priests and nobles; Candidates for the throne; Exclusion of the

prince of Orange; Duke of Leuchtenberg; French king opposes his election;

Duke of Nemours chosen king; Popular rejoicings; Proclamation of the ma-

gistrates of Brussels; The king of France refuses to allow his son to become

king; Belgian congress elect a regent to administer the government; Inter-

ference of the allied powers; Protocol requiring an armistice; Protocol defining

limits; Objection of the congress and of the regent; Settlement of difficulties;

Definitive arrangements; Leopold of Saxe-Coburg elected king; General re-

marks.

Page 229

POLAND.

CHAPTER I.

Boundaries and divisions; Ancient boundaries; Early history; Reign of the

family of Piast; Casimir; Boleslas; Wladislas; Last words of Wladislas III.;

Casimir; Louis ;

End of the Piast dynasty; Accession of Jagellon to the

throne; Reign of his family; Sigismund I.; Sigismund Augustus; The mon.

archy becomes elective; Henry of An,ou elected king; Condition of Poland;

Stephen Batori called to the throne; Wladislas; John Casimir; Disputation

among the nobility; Michael Wiesnowiski called to the throne: Reign of John

Sobieski; Contest for the throne between Augustus and Stanislaus. Page 253

CHAPTER II.

Prophecy of John Casimir; Advice of Stanislaus; Partition of Poland between

Russia, Prussia and Austria; Conduct of the king of Prussia; Indifference of oth-

er states; Prosperity of Poland; King recommends a new constitution; Dissatis-

faction of some of the nobles; Constitution rejected; King of Prussia detaches Po-

land from the interests of Russia; Adoption of the new constitution; Provisions;

Constitution favorably received by the courts of Europe; Confederacy of the no-

bles; Declaration of war by Russia; Prussian army enters Poland; Weakness of

the king of Poland; Signs the act of confederacy; Declaration of the king of

Prussia; Takes possession of Great Poland; Issues a manifesto declaring his in

tention to take possession of the territory; Manifesto of the empress of Russia;

Second partition of Poland; Despotic demands of Russia; Conduct of the diet;

Rebellion of the Poles; Kosciusko proclaimed general; Defeats the Prussians;

Battle in the streets of Warsaw; Defeat of Kosciusko; Battle of Praga; Con-

duct of Suwarow the Russian general; His barbarous treatment of the Poles;

Poland during the reign of Napoleon.

Page 265

CHAPTER III.

⚫Congress of Vienna; Duchy of Warsaw erected into a kingdom; Negotiations in

relation to Poland; Liberal spirit of Alexander; Views of the allies; Alexander

proclaimed king; Constitution of Poland; Zaionczek the king's lieutenant; Con-

stantine-His conduct; His treatment towards Wolaski; A son of count Plater

condeinned to be a soldier; Cruelty toward a Polish officer; Patriotic association;

Prosecution against the members; Treatment of Lukasenski; Circumspection

of the Poles; Sufferings of the condemned patriots.

Page 286

CHAPTER IV.

Commencement of the Revolution; Attempt to seize Constantine; Revolt of the

Polish troops; Measures of the administration; Chlopicki dictator; Sends a

deputation to Nicholas; Conduct of the emperor; Meeting of the diet; appoint-

ment of a national council; Manifesto of the Polish nation; Chlopicki resigns;

Radziwill commander-in-chief; Battle between the Russians and the Poles;

Radziwill resigns in favor of Skrzynecki.

Page 298

CHAPTER V.

Polish provinces ; Their condition; General Dwernicki sent to Volhynia; Attacks

the Russians, and defeats them in several successive battles; Provinces give in

their adhesion to the diet; Battle of Boromel; Dwernicki on the frontiers of

Gallicia; Report of his situation; Marches into Austria; Conduct of the Aus-

trian cabinet; Operations of the armies near Warsaw; The Poles cross the

bridge of Praga and attack General Geismar; Retreat of the Russians; Battle

of the 1st of April; The Poles triumphant; Report of the Polish commander-

in-chief; Joy of the inhabitants on hearing of the victories gained by their

army; Movements of the Russian and Polish armies from the 1st to the 10th

of April; Proclamation of the commander-in-chief; Continued success of the
Poles; Defeat of Sierawski; Condition of the nation; Battle of Ostrolen-

· ka.

Page 325

CHAPTER VI.

Polish government, resolutions of; Their disinterestedness; Public documents;

Their language to the provinces; Their exertions to have their independence

acknowledged; Address to foreign powers; They declare their case analogous

to that of Belgium; Spirited proclamation of the government to the people;

Treachery in the Polish ranks; Janchowski betrays the Polish army in the

province of Lublin; Exposes the conspiracy; Designs of the conspirators; De-

feat of the Poles in Lithuania; Movements of the Russian army; State of War-

saw; Political clubs; General Skrzynecki superseded by Dembinski; Fall of

Warsaw; Retreat of the Polish army; Proclamation of Rosycki; Poles retire

into Austria, and give up the contest; General remarks.

Page 343.

HISTORY

OF THE

REVOLUTIONS IN EUROPE.

FRANCE.

CHAPTER I.

Downfall of Napoleon-Louis the Eighteenth ascends the throne-Conduct of Louis in relation to the Constitution-Promulgation of the Charter-The principles of the Charter-The manner of electing the Chamber of Deputies-The first violation of the Charter-Assassination of the Duke of Berry-Accession of M. de Villele to the Ministry-His policy, and the influence of his party-Secret treaty of Verona-The French put down the Revolution in Spain-Death of Louis, and accession of Charles X. to the Throne-His course of conduct-Liberal party prevail in the Chamber of Deputies-The National Guards disbanded-Proceedings in the Chamber of Deputies-Their disolution -Creation of new peerages-New election-Martignac Cabinet-Doings of the Chamber of Deputies-Overthrow of the Cabinet-Polignac administrationQuarrel between Polignac and La Bourdonnaye-Meeting of the DeputiesDissolution of the Chamber-Excitement of the people-Disunion in the Cabinet-Its reorganization-War between France and Algiers-Proclamation of the King to the Electors-Result of the election-Triumph of the Liberal party.

NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE, in exercising power for his own aggrandisement and in attacking liberty by the establishment of despotic institutions, brought himself into collision with both the opinions and interests of mankind, After having planted his standard upon the walls of almost every capital in Europe, after having, for ten years, increased his authority and gained a realm at every battle, his own subjects turned against him—and he fell by a single reverse of fortune. The Senate of France declared, that his