liberty, had a magic influence-while, they aroused the courageous, to the performance of greater deeds of noble daring, nerved the strong with a godlike energy, and filled the bosom with a holy enthusiasm; the cries of the unfortunate for mercy, and the entreaties of the vanquished for pardon and protection, were never listened to without emotions of pity. The wounded-soldiers were conveyed to the hospitals, received the kindest surgical treatment, and, when the battle was over, great efforts were made to efface from their minds the unpleasant reflection, that they had been in arms against the public liberties. It was indeed an unparalleled example, for a numerous and highly enraged populace to maintain, for so long a time, such regularity in their deportment, such attention to justice, and such regard for the feelings of the vanquished.

The warmth of the weather made it necessary that immediate attention should be paid to the burial of the dead. Although, during the two last days, life had been prodigally thrown away on the part of the people, and wilfully destroyed by the mercenaries of royalty, the number of the killed was comparatively small. The cause of this will readily appear, when we take into consideration the manner in which the warfare was conducted. Except at the Hotel de Ville and the Louvre, the people never fought in solid masses. They fired from the corners of the streets, and the windows of the houses-from behind pillars and parapets, but never uselessly exposed themselves to the discharges of their opponents. The troops of the King, rendered powerless, by the suddenness and astounding character of the circumstances in which they found themselves placed, did but little towards increasing the number of the slain. The cavalry generally, made use of their sabres, in the way that would do the least injury. During the three days, not more than twenty men were wounded, by thrusts of the lance, and not a much greater number, by

the cuts of the broadsword. The soldiers of the Line, discharged their muskets over the heads of the multitude so frequently, that Marshal Marmont was early led to suspect their fidelity. On the other hand, the regular forces suffered very little on the first and last days of the commotion; because, on the former, the people were not armed, and on the latter, the soldiers were protected by the interposition of large spaces between them and their assailOn Wednesday, their loss did not exceed five hundred in killed and wounded.

ants.

A surgeon of one of the principal hospitals, who has published a history of the transactions of the three grand days of the great week, says that the number of citizens who were wounded, amounted to about two thousand— that the number of deaths, to about seven hundred,—and that the whole number of killed and wounded, to about three thousand, including soldiers as well as citizens. This statement, makes the number of slain much too small, for a battle of three days in length. If we are not misiaken, a computation was made by order of the new government, which fixed the number of the killed and wounded at a little short of eight thousand.

The loss of even three thousand men, is far too great to be incurred in fighting for the folly, or resisting the despotism of such a bigoted monarch as Charles X. But if the revolution shall secure to the French nation, the permanency of their liberties, a sacrifice of the lives of even eight thousand of their fellow beings, will make the purchase a cheap one. The battles of liberty have not generally been fought and won, with so trifling an expendi ture of blood.

CHAPTER VII.

General Remarks General La Fayette's proclamation to the royalist troopsEffect of it-Meeting of the Peers and Deputies to receive a deputation from the King-Repeal of the ordinances of the 25th of July-Manner of its reception by the Chamber-Duke of Orleans appointed Lieutenant General of the Kingdom— Sketch of his life- Popular with the liberal party-His conduct during the three days-Accepts the office conferred by the Deputies, and issues a proclama tion-Distrust of the people-Deputies issue a manifesto to quiet all disturbances -Duke of Orleans received with applause at the Hotel de Ville.

Until a late hour of the morning of the 30th of July, a perfect stillness reigned throughout the streets of Paris. The furious and deadly struggle of the preceding day, had decided the question between liberty and despotism. The successful combatants of the former, were quietly reposing in the arms of victory, while the minions of the latter, were writhing under the agony of conscious guilt. The sovereignty of the people was triumphant over the tyranny of the throne. Charles X., had ceased to reign beyond the castle of St. Cloud. His troops had forsaken his standard, and exchanged the lily and white flag, for the tri-color of liberty.

It was fortunate for the popular cause, that, among the persons in authority, there was such a man as La Fayette, whose reputation had been identified with the national glory,-whose principles were well known to the great body of the people, and whose influence was unbounded with all the friends of liberty, and constitutional order. The appointment of this venerable chief, to the command of the National Guard, was attended with the happiest consequences. His fame so electrified the disbanded members of this civic body, that, on Friday morning, eight

thousand of them had enrolled their names, as ready for the duties of the occasion.

Many of the soldiers, who had fought against the people, were desirous of taking the oath of allegiance to the Provisional government-but were afraid to appear openly in the city. General La Fayette therefore issued a proclamation, inviting them to come and range themselves under the popular banner, and, at the same time, informing them that the inhabitants of Paris, did not hold them responsible for the orders which had been given them. It was drawn up in the following language.

"Brave Soldiers! The inhabitants of Paris do not make you responsible for the orders which have been given to you. Come to us; we will receive you as brethren: come and range yourselves under the command of one of those brave generals, who have so often shed their blood in the defence of the country. The cause of the army cannot long be separated from that of the nation and of liberty; its glory is our dearest patrimony. But the army will never forget, that the defence of our independence, and our liberties, ought to be its first duty. Let us then be friends, since our interests, and our rights, are the same. General La Fayette declares, in the name of the whole population of Paris, that no feeling of hostility is retained towards the soldiers of France: the inhabitants are ready to fraternize with all those who will return to the cause of the country and of liberty; and they long for the moment, when soldiers and citizens, united by the same sentiments, and assembled under the same banner,, may at length realize the welfare, and the glorious destinies of our common country."

The appearance of this proclamation, had a happy influence upon the minds of the soldiery. Those who had taken the oath, received it, as an additional assurance of protection; and those, who had lingered in doubt what

course to pursue, hastened to join themselves to the ranks of their fellow citizens. Long before night, Charles X. perceived, that a majority of his troops were too thoroughly imbued with liberal principles, to sustain any longer the pretensions of a fallen throne. He could only put confidence in his faithful Guards, and a few hireling foreigners.

In the mean time, the deputies and peers assembled in their respective chambers, to receive a deputation from the King. Having been introduced to the Chamber of Deputies, the deputation delivered to that body four ordinances; -one recalling the fatal edicts of the 25th of the month; another convoking the Chainbers on the 3d of August; the third appointing the Duke de Mortemart, President of the Council; and the fourth appointing Count Gerard, Minister of War, and M. Casimir Perrier, Minister of France. The reading of these ordinances was listened to with the strictest attention-but they were drawn up at too late an hour. The deputies had become satisfied that Charles X. could no longer be King of France. They knew that new rights had been created by victory—that a new party had sprung up in the state, whose voice they were bound to obey.

The next business under taken by the deputies, consisting of eighty-nine, was to invite the Duke of Orleans to assume the reins of government, with the title of Lieutenant General of the kingdom. This appointment was made with the intention of securing obedience to the new order of things, and giving that unity of purpose, indispensable to the efficient exercise of executive authority. It was also designed to prepare the way for the accession of his royal highness to the throne.

In case of a revolution, public opinion had often pointed to the Duke of Orleans, as the proper person, to fill the vacant throne. Having been the friend of the revolution of 1789, and having early fought in the ranks of the French