which eventually proved an incalculable blessing to both countries, was at first a fertile source of jealousy, heart-burning, and discontent. To make bad worse, several statutes were passed immediately afterwards that pressed severely and specially on the Scots; and every thing was done that could exasperate, and left undone that might conciliate, their affections. All these things incensed a people naturally proud; making a revolution possible, and turning the eyes not only of Jacobites and Catholics, but of Pope-detesting Presbyterians, to the exiled house of Stuart. An event soon occurred to precipitate the impending crisis. On the 1st of August, 1714, Queen Anne died, her husband having predeceased her by twelve years, and the Elector of Hanover was called to the throne, under the title of George the First. The new King inaugurated his accession to power by unceremoniously turning the Tories out of doors, and replacing them with Whigs; which so enraged some of the already disaffected noblemen, that the Earl of Mar, with one or two others, hurried north to his Scotch

estates, and raised the standard of revolt in the name of the Pretender, on the 6th of September, 1715. Scotland must have been terribly provoked before the country could rise, as it did, in large numbers, to place a Catholic on the throne. From the first, however, misfortune dogged the footsteps of the rebels; and when, on December 22d, the ill-fated son of James VII. landed at Peterhead, he found his cause at the point of collapsing. In little more than two months, owing to general imbecility and want of spirit, the ruin of the Pretender's hopes was completed; and, on February 7th, the fast dwindling army of rebels was disbanded at Aberdeen. About this time, the good effects produced by the Union on the commerce of the country began to be realized in the lowlands, particularly in Glasgow; which, being favorably situated with respect to the American and West-Indian colonies, was fast losing its character of a small episcopal town, and assuming that of a great manufacturing capital. In the commercial centres of the South the old feeling of disaffection and resentment was on the

wane; and Glasgow was among the first to raise and dispatch a contingent to aid Argyll in crushing the rebellion. But Glencoe is not in Lanarkshire, and north of the Grampians the popular feeling still ran in another and quite opposite direction. As late almost as 1800, Scotland may be said. to have consisted of two great divisions, inhabited respectively by people of different race, language, and manners. The larger in surface, a range of mountain pastures, was held by Celts; possessing all the peculiarities of that people unmodified, with many of the common characteristics of pastoral and half-savage life,-faithful, brave, hardy; patient of suffering, but constitutionally indolent; incapable of sustained exertion : and superstitiously averse from change. They had lived hitherto regardless of all law but the will of their chiefs,-ignorant of all patriotism beyond a passionate attachment to their native glens.

Across the 'Highland Line' was a people differing in all respects from their northern neighbours-frugal, and patient of toil; cautious yet not cowardly, nor devoid of enter

prise; sober-minded; not generally imaginative, but with a vein of romance capable of being excited to the highest enthusiasm: and tenacious of purpose to obstinacy. In spite of local circumstances, this people had early taken a part in the intellectual struggle of Europe. A national system of schools had spread the benefit of education through all classes; and, although by no means bustling politicians, yet in questions affecting their liberty or religion, no people could be more energetic, or more splendidly lavish of their goods and lives.

With their Highland countrymen they had no sympathy; regarding them as aliens in blood and language, and little better than lawless and dangerous barbarians. The recollection of the ill-fated Darien expedition, and the misgovernment of William and Mary, had begun to fade from the minds of men engaged in active business and prosperous pursuits; and the good re sults of the Union were beginning to make themselves seen, in rapidly increasing towns, growing intelligence and comfort, security of life, and commercial activity. These

beneficial influences had not yet pierced into the mountainous recesses of the North, where still, as ever, the name of Englishman was synonymous with injustice and oppression.

On the wild and hardy highlanders the claims of hereditary loyalty had made a deep impression, which their own wrongs, and the military glories of Montrose and Dundee, had combined to deepen. Thus, while south of the Firth of Forth and Tay, George I. held sway over a peaceful, industrious, and well-disposed people,-north of that line his rule was utterly and fiercely disowned, by rebellious and warlike clans; nearly as different from their southern brethren in manners, ideas, dress, and language, as if they had been born west of the Alleghanies. To this state of matters the Government were not sufficiently alive; and, whether from supineness or ignorance, they allowed the feeling of isolation and disaffection, which had spread through the northren countries, to smoulder unheeded amid the glens; while the exiled Stuarts used every means to keep it alive, until such