lessness of the dove, Matt. x. 16. mentioned in books, they are for the The prophet Hosea, (vii. 11.) com- most part only old serpents grown to pares the Israelites to a silly dove, a prodigious size. Some are dewithout heart, and without under- scribed with wings, feet, claws, standing. The dove is a defenceless crests, and heads of different figures. creature, without gall, or cunning, There is no question but there are exposed to the pursuit of men and winged serpents. Moses speaks of beasts, which is not able either to pro- them under the name of Zaraph, tect itself, or its young, or to take Numb. xxi. 6.

precaution against those who have Asserpents, dragons, and venomous designs upon its life and liberty. beasts, hide themselves in uninhabitThus the Israelites, notwithstanding ed places, in the ruins of cities, and the chastisements with which God af-in rubbish; for this reason, where flicted them, and the captivities to there is mention of the ruin of a city, which he had reduced them, still the ravaging of a province, or of a relapsed into their irregularities, and land reduced to a wilderness, it is exposed themselves again to the same said to be a dwelling for dragons, calamities. The dove, when absent Isa. xiii. 22. xxxiv. 13. Jer. ix. 11. from its mate, sits solitary, and coos This word is sometimes taken in or mourns; in allusion to which are scripture for the devil, Rev. xii. 9. those expressions of Isaiah, xxxviii. so called for his great strength, and 14. lix. 11. Nah. ii. 7. Noah sent bloody cruelty against the saints. It a dove out of the ark, in order is also taken for cruel tyrants, Psa. get intelligence whether the lxxiv. 13. Ezek. xxix. 3. waters of the deluge were gone Wicked men are like dragons: they off, Gen. viii. 8.-This bird is very are the seed of the old serpent, and fruitful, having young ones almost are full of sinful poison; and destrucevery month. Its feathers are of tion and misery are in all their ways, divers colours, which, according to Isa. xxxv. 7. and xliii. 20. To wail the variety of its position with re-like dragons, is to mourn very bitterspect to the eye or light, look likely, and in a hideous and hissing mansilver or gold, as the Psalmist ob- ner. But some think the dolphinserves, lxviii. 14. fishes are here meant, who mourn in DOWRY, (1.) A portion brought the most pitiful strains, Mic. i. 8. by a husband to his wife, or given Job xxx. 29.

to

to her parent to obtain her in mar- DRAM, or DRACHM, a piece of riage, Gen. xxxiv. 12. 1 Sam. xviii. money current among both the He25. (2.) A portion brought by a brews and the Greeks. A Hebrew wife to her husband, Exod. xxii. 17. dram, in the opinion of Dr. Prideaux, DRAG. See NET. TO DRAG, was equal to nine-pence. The Attic is to draw along with difficulty, dram he supposes might be equal to John xxi. 8. the Hebrew in Judea; what it wantDRAGON answers generally to ed in weight being made up in exthe Hebrew word in Thannim, or cellence, and its ready currency in Thannin, (Gen. i. 21. Job xxx. 29. all countries. Dr. Arbuthnot, on the Isaiah xxxiv. 13. Ezek. xxix. 3.) other hand, reckons the Attic dram which signifies a large fish, a sea-dra- equal in value to the denarius, which gon. By comparing the different he has, in his table of coins, stated passages of scripture where this word at seven-pence three farthings.occurs, it is found sometimes to Mention is made of this coin in 1 signify large river or sea-fishes; and, Chron. xxix. 7. Ezra ii. 69. viii. at other times, venomous land-ser- 27, &c.

pents; and particularly the croco- DRAUGHT, (1.) A quantity of diles and whales. As to the dragons fishes at one drawing of the net, which are talked of, and are often Luke v. 4, 9. (2.) A sink, a drain,

Matt. xv. 17. A draught-house, is a Dan. ii. iv. and vii. The Heathens, place of filth and excrements, 2 and even the Jews, were superstiKings x. 27. tiously prone to collect futurities To DRAW, (1.). To pull towards from dreams, and to apply to their one, Judg. iii. 22. (2.) To go, Job diviners for the interpretation of xxi. 33. (3.) To come, Exod. iii. 5. them. False prophets often pretendChrist draws men, by kindly and ed they had received the oracles of powerfully persuading and enabling God in their dreams, Jer. xxiii. 25. them to come to him, John vi. 37. and xxix. 8. Deut. xiii. 1. Wicked and xii. 32. Hos. xi. 4. God draws men, and the Assyrian host, are nigh to us, when he bestows on us likened to a dream; they, and their his quickening, liberating, strength-prosperity, were easily and utterly ening, and comforting influence; cut off, Job xx. 8. Psa. Ixxiii. 20. and we draw near to him, when we Isa. xxix. 7. and xxxvii. 26. The earnestly seek and embrace him, as Jews were like men that dreamed, our Saviour, Portion, Master, and last when God turned back their captiend; and solemnly apply to the or-vity; their deliverance was so great, dinances of his worship, and dili-that it seemed more like a dream gently labour to have fellowship with than a reality, Psa. cxxvi. 1. The him therein, Jam. iv. 8. Psa. Ixxiii. Israelites were forbidden to address 28. We draw back, when our love to themselves to pretended interpreters God, and outward service and wor- of dreams, who imposed on the creship of him, lessen, Heb. x. 38. To dulity of the people, and drew them be drawn away of lust, is to be pow-away to idolatry, Deut. xiii. 1, 2, erfully enticed by it into sinful acts, &c. Filthy dreamers that defile the Jam. i. 14.

flesh, are either false teachers that vent their abominable tenets; or lascivious persons who, by means of unclean dreams, pollute their bodies, Jude 8.

DREAD, terror, Gen. x. 2. Job xiii. 11, 21. God is the dread of his people, when they, in a holy and affectionate manner, reverence and stand in awe of him. DREAD- To DRESS. To dress ground, is to FUL, TERRIBLE, Mal. i. 14. dig, sow, and otherwise cultivate it, DREAM. Natural dreams pro- Gen. ii. 15. Heb. vi. 7. To dress ceed generally from the business men meat, is to make it ready for eating, are intent upon, or from the consti-12 Sam. xii. 4. and xiii. 5. To dress tution and habit of their body; and the lamps of the sanctuary, was to hence diseases, latent or beginning, light, snuff, and trim them, Exod. are often discernible from them.-xxx. 7. To dress one's nails, is to It is likely, they often begin from pare them. To dress one's feet, or some outward sensation of the body, self, is to clothe and adorn the body in which spirits, good or bad, have in a proper manner, Deut. xxi. 12. no inconsiderable influence. By su- 2 Sam. xix. 24. pernatural dreams, God of old informed men of his mind. In this manner be informed Abimelech, that Sarah was Abraham's wife;-Eliphaz of his incomparable greatness; To DRINK, not only denotes the -Jacob, Joseph, Pharaoh, and his drinking of liquor to the satisfying of butler and baker, the Midianitish thirst, or to create a sober cheerfulsoldier, Nebuchadnezzar, Daniel, ness, Gen. xliii. 34. John ii. 10. but and Joseph the husband of Mary, the receiving or enduring of things what was to happen; and sometimes good or bad. To drink waters out added proper instructions, Gen. xx. of one's own cistern and well, is to en6. Job iv. 12-21. Gen. xxviii. 12 joy the lawful pleasures of marriage, -16. xl. xli. Judg. vii. 13-15. Prov. v. 15. To drink a cup of gall.

DREGS, the refuse of wine at the bottom of the vessel. Sore and terrible afflictions are likened thereto, Psa. lxxv. 8. Isa. li. 17.

fury, astonishment, and trembling, is sery, Prov. xiv. 32. God's driving to undergo fearful miseries that make out the nations of Canaan by little one tremble and be astonished, Jer. and little, was an emblem of his powxxiii. 15. and xxv. 15. Psa. ix. 3. erfully expelling sinful corruptions Isa. ii. 22. To drink abundantly of from the hearts of his people; and of Christ's water, wine, and milk, is to hypocrites from his church, Exod. receive his Spirit and new-covenant xxiii. 30. blessings in a plentiful degree, John

DROMEDARY. See CAMEL.

vii. 37. Song v. 1. Zech. ix. 15- To DROP, to fall gently, as rain. 17. To drink up iniquity as water, To drop, in metaphorical language, is, with great pleasure to abound in imports a gradual, continued, and the practice of wickedness, Job xv. delightful, course of words, influen16. To drink blood, is to be satisfied ces, or blessings, Prov. v. 3. Joel iii. with slaughter, Ezek. xxxix. 18. 18. The contentions of a wife are Sennacherib drank strange waters, a continual dropping; an unceasing and dried up the rivers of besieged and grievous plague, Prov. xix. 13. places, when his army exhausted the Through idleness, the house droppeth; wells of the countries which he in- the family and estate go to ruin, Eccl. vaded, and dried up the cisterns and x. 18. Before God all nations are wells of besieged cities; or when small and insignificant, as the drop he conquered the nations, and seized of a bucket; as the small dust of the their wealth at pleasure, Isa. xxxvii.| balance, that casts not the scale ; and 25. The Jews' drinking the waters of as nothing, and less than nothing, and the Nile and Euphrates, signifies their vanity, Isa. xi. 15, 17. entering into alliances with the DROSS, the refuse of metal, &c. Egyptians and Assyrians, Jer. ii. 18. Prov. xxv. 4. and xxvi. 23. The To drink one's water, to buy water to corruptions of a people, and their drink, or to drink water in measure, profane and wicked persons, imports a being reduced to the ut-likened to dross; they are useless, most distress of famine and want, and tend to defile others, till God, 2 Kings xviii. 27. Lam. v. 4. Ezek. by his grace and providence, sepaiv. 11. rate them, Isa. i. 25. Psa. cxix. 119.

are

To be DRUNK is, (1.) To be intox- Ezek. xxii. 18, 19. It was said to the icated with liquors, 1 Kings xx. 16. Jewish church, "Thy silver is be(2.) To be sottishly carried away with come dross, thy wine mixed with delusion, idolatry, error, and super- water;" thou art wofully degenestition, Isa. xxviii. 7. Rev. xvii. 2. rated in spirit and practice; thou (3.). To be stupified and overwhelm- hast mixed tradition and errors with ed with sore afflictions and miseries, the word of God, and thy piety is Jer. xiii. 13. Isa. Ixiii. 6. (4.) To more in profession than performance, be given to luxury, wantonness, and Isa. i. 22.

infamous lust, 1 Thess. v. 7. Hab. ii. DROPSY, a very dangerous dis15. Antichrist is drunk with the ease, produced by a preternatural blood of the saints; with great plea- collection of water in the body, or sure he persecuted and murdered mingled with the blood. It is of multitudes of them, Rev. xvii. 6. To very different kinds, as of the head, add drunkenness to thirst, is to be-breast, lungs, scrotum, or whole come worse and worse in idolatry body; but the most usual is that of and other wickedness, Deut. xxix. the lower belly. Sometimes this hu19.

See CUP.

To DRIVE, to force, to go, Exod. vi. 1. The wicked are driven away in their wickedness; by death they are violently hurried under the guilt and power of their sin, into eternal mi

mour has so pestilential a steam, that the health of the operator who extracts it is endangered. In dropsies, the feet and legs ordinarily swell; there is a difficulty of breathing, intense thirst, small quantity of urine,

costiveness, &c. In the beginning, was far from being chaste, Acts much exercise, change of air, strong xxiv. 24.

purgatives, &c. are proper for it, DRY, without sap. Christ grew but when it is well advanced, scarce- as a root out of a dry ground; he ly any thing but tapping is of service. sprung out of the Jewish nation Nor is that often any more than a when it was very sinful, and reduced mean of present ease. But the com- to bondage and slavery; and of a poor passionate Saviour, on seeing a man virgin of the family of David, when afflicted with a dropsy, healed him in very low and contemptible, Isa. liii. the presence of some who were not 2. The eunuchs, though childless, a little prejudiced against him, espe- and excluded from rule in the concially because it was done on the gregation of Israel, shall not say, I Sabbath-day, Luke xiv. 2. am a dry tree, altogether useless,

To DROWN, to suffocate by water, and excluded from fellowship with Exod. xv. 4. Pechlin, Derham, and God, Isa. lvi. 3. The wicked, wheothers, relate instances of persons ther Jews or Heathens, are like being recovered to life after they had dry trees or dry ground; ripe for the long appeared to have been drown- vengeance of God, Luke xxiii. 31. ed. Within the last 50 years, al- Isa. xli. 18. and xliv. 3. A country most innumerable experiments have deprived of inhabitants is called dry been tried in the united kingdom, ground, Zeph. ii. 13. Jer. 1. 12. To and on the continent of Europe, for dry a thing, is to bereave it of moisrecovering to life drowned persons; ture, power, excellency, courage, and the success which has followed, comfort, 1 Kings xvii. 7. Hos. xiii. hath far exceeded the most sanguine 15. Zech. xi. 17. Ezek. xvii. 24. expectation of those benevolent per- Namb. xi. 6. Prov. xvii. 22. sons, who formed themselves into a DRYSHOD, in the most safe and society, called very properly, "THE easy manner, without any thing to HUMANE SOCIETY," and has afford-stop them, Isa. xi. 15. ed unutterable consolation to afflicted DUE, (1.) What is owing, Rom. relatives. There is not now scarcely xiii. 7. (2.) What is proper and fit, a large town, where there is not an Lev. xxvi. 4. Deut. xxxii. 35. apparatus provided for the above excellent end.

DULCIMER, a musical instrument played by striking the brass wire with little sticks, Dan. iii. 5.

DUKES, a kind of princes that governed among the Horites, EdomDROWSINESS, a disposition to ites, and Midianites; and these last sleep; a thoughtless unconcern, at- are called dukes of Sihon, because he tended with empty imagination, and had rendered them tributary, Gen. vain desires. Such a disposition re- xxxvi. 15, 21.Exod. xv. 15. Josh. duces one to poverty and rags in his xiii. 21. outward condition; and to a blemished conversation, Prov. xxiii. 21. DRUSILLA, sprinkled with dew, the youngest sister of AGRIPPA, Bernice, and Mariamne. Epiphanes, prince of Comagena in Syria, had the promise of her in marriage, if he would be circumcised; but he declining that "operation, she was given to Azizus, king of Emesa in Syria, who underwent it to obtain her. It was not long before she divorced him, and married FELIX, governor of Judea, by whom she had a son called Agrippa. She was reckoned one of the most beautiful women of the age; but

DUMAH, silence, or resemblance, a son of Ishmael, who it seems gave name to a country of Arabia the Rocky, which belonged to the Edomites, or rather Ishmaelites, and was terribly harassed by the Assyrian and Chaldean conquerors, Gen. xxv. 11. Isa. xxi. 11.

DULL, one that cannot readily hear or understand, Matt. xiii. 15. Acts xxviii. 27. Heb. v. 11.

DUMB. (1.) Such as cannot speak for want of natural abilities,

Exod. iv. 11. 1 Cor. xii. 2. (2.)| ashes on the head; rolling one's self in Such as cannot teach others for want the dust: sitting in the dust; putting of grace, knowledge, and courage, the mouth in the dust; imports great Isa. Ivi. 10. (3.) Such as are submis- mourning and distress, Josh. vii. 6. sive and silent under the dispensations Mic. i. 10. Job xlii. 6. Isa. xlvii. 1. of Providence, Psal. xxxix. 9. (4.) Lam. iii. 29. The Jews throwing dust Such as do not speak, Psal. xxxix. 2. in the air against Paul, imported an Ezek. iii. 26. (5.) Such as cannot outrageous desire to have him respeak in their own cause, by reason duced to powder, Acts xxii. 23. of ignorance, fear, &c. Prov. xxxi. Christ commanded his disciples to 8. (6.) Rendered speechless by a shake off the dust of their feet, as a divine ecstacy of wonder and amaze- testimony against those who would ment, Dan. x. 15. A dumb and deaf not receive them. The Jews thought spirit, is one who, by his possession the land of Israel so peculiarly holy, of persons, renders them dumb and that when they came home from any deaf, Mark ix. 17, 25. heathen country, they stopped at the DUNG, DIRT, excrements of ani- borders, and shook or wiped off the mals, or other loathsome matter. dust of it from their feet, that the Wicked men are likened to dung, holy land might not be polluted with their corrupt nature is vile and abo-it. Therefore the action here enminable; and often their carcasses, joined was a lively intimation, that like dung, fatten the ground; and at those Jews who had rejected the last they are cast into hell as abomi-gospel, were holy no longer, but nable, Jer. xvi. 4. Job xx. 7. To were on a level with heathens and fall like dung, and handfuls of corn, idolaters, Matt. x. 14. Luke x. 5. is to be slain in multitudes, Psal. The shaking one's self from the dust, Ixxxiii. 10. Jer. ix. 22. Idols are imports recovery from distress, concalled, about 49 times, gelulim, or tempt, and grief, Isa. lii. 2. To lick dung gods, to denote how useless and the dust of one's feet, is to pay them abominable they are, Deut. xxix. 17. the utmost reverence and subjection; &c. God spreads the dung of men's as the subjects in some eastern sacrifices and solemn feasts on their courts fell on the earth, and kissed faces, when he rejects their religious the very dust at the feet of their soservices, because of their hypocrisy vereign, Psal. Ixxii. 9. Isa. xlix 23. and wickedness, Mal. ii. 3. The To pant for the dust on the head of saints count all things but dung, to the poor, is to endeavour their utwin Christ; altogether worthless and ter ruin, or to be earnestly covetous abominable in comparison of him, of their meanset enjoyments, Amos and utterly insufficient to recommend ii. 7. Dust shall be the serpent's meat ; them to the favour of God as a judge, wicked men who are compared to serPhil. iii. 8. A DUNGHILL is, (1.) A pents (see Micah vii. 17. Psal. lxxii. place for dung, Luke xiv. 35. (2.) A 9.) shall no longer make a prey of very low and wretched condition of God's people, but shall have the life, 1 Sam. ii. 8. Dove's dung, it is bread of sorrow as the fruit of their supposed, was a kind of vetches, a wickedness, Isa. lxv. 25. Dust is sort of food much in use among the put for the grave, where men's bopoorer Israelites, 2 Kings vi. 25. dies are turned into dust, Gen. iii. DUNGEON, (1.) A dark and 19. Job vii. 21. Eccl. xii. 7. and for incommodious apartment in a prison, a low and wretched condition, 1 Sam. Gen. xl. 15. (2.) A most shameful, ii. 8. Nah. iii. 18. Psal. xxii. 29.debased, and unhappy condition, Men are called dust and ashes; they Isa. xxiv. 22. Lam. iii. 55. are mean before God; their bodies

To DURE, to last; DURABLE, last-are formed from, nourished with, ing, Prov. xiii. 31. and viii. 18. and shall return to, dust, Gen. xviii: DUST. The putting of dust and 27. Dead men are called dust, Pani VOL. I.

3 B