THE ROYAL FAMILY

His Majesty King CHRISTIAN X of Denmark and Iceland, born September 26, 1870, first son of King Frederik VIII and

Queen Louise; succeeded to the Crown on the death of his father May 14, 1912; married April 26, 1898,

Her Majesty Queen ALEXANDRINE, born December 1879, daughter of the late Grand Duke Friedrich Franz of MecklenburgSchwerin.

SONS:

(1) His Royal Highness Crownprince FREDERIK, born March 11, 1899.

(2) His Royal Highness Prince KNUD, born July 27, 1900.

BROTHERS AND SISTERS OF THE KING:

(1) H. M. HAAKON VII of Norway, born August 3, 1872, married Her Majesty Queen MAUD (née Princess of Great Britain & Ireland, daughter of King Edward VII) Juli 22, 1896. (2) H. R. H. Prince HARALD, born October 8, 1876, married April 28, 1909, H. R. H. Princess HELENA (née Princess of Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Glücksborg). Family:

(1) H. H. Princess FEODORA, b. 3/7, 1910.

(2) H. H. Princess CAROLINE-MATHILDE, b. 27/49 1912. (3) H. H. Princess ALEXANDRINE-LOUISE, b. 12/12, 1914. (4) H. H. Prince GORM, b. 24/2, 1919. (5) H. H. Prince OLUF, b. 10/39 1923.

(3) H. R. H. Princess INGEBORG of Sweden, born August 2, 1878, married August 27, 1897, to His Royal Highness Prince CARL of Sweden.

(4) H. R. H. Princess THYRA, born March 14, 1880.

(5) H. R. H. Prince GUSTAV, born March 4, 1887.

(6) DAGMAR, born May 23, 1890, married November 23, 1922, to Jørgen Castenskiold, Master of the Hounds & Gentleman in Waiting.

QUEEN MOTHER:

H. M. Dowager-Queen LOUISE, born October 31, 1851, daughter of King Charles XV of Sweden-Norway, married July 28, 1869, to His Majesty King Frederik VIII, born June 3, 1843, died May 14, 1912.

BROTHERS AND SISTERS OF THE LATE KING:

(1) H. M. Dowager-Queen

Ireland.

ALEXANDRA of Great Britain &

(2) † H. M. King GEORGE I of Greece (died 1913).

(3) H. M. Dowager-Empress DAGMAR of Russia.

(4) H. R. H. Princess THYRA, Duchess of Cumberland.

(5) H. R. H. Prince VALDEMAR, born October 27, 1858, married October 22, 1885, to H. R. H. Princess MARIE (née Princess of Orléans, died 1909).

Family:

(1) H. H. Prince AAGE, Count of Rosenborg, b. June 10, 1887, married H. H. Princess Aage, Countess of Rosenborg (née Mathilde, Countess Calvi di Bergolo), January 17, 1914. Son: Count Valdemar of Rosenborg.

(2) H.R.H. Prince AXEL, b. Aug. 12, 1888, married May 22, 1919, to H. R. H. Princess Margareta, daughter of Prince Carl of Sweden. Sons: (1) H. H. Prince GEORG, b. April 16, 1920. H. H. Prince FLEMMING, b. March 9, 1922.

(3) H. H. Prince ERIK, Count of Rosenborg, b. Nov. 8, 1890, married H. H. Princess Erik, Countess of Rosenborg (née Miss Lois Booth) Febr. 12, 1924.

(4) H. H. Prince VIGGO, Count of Rosenborg, b. Dec. 25, 1893, married H. H. Princess Viggo, Countess of Rosenborg (née Miss Eleanor Margaret Green) June 10, 1924.

(5) H. R. H. Princess MARGRETHE, born Sept. 17, 1895, married June 9, 1921, to H. R. H. Prince Renatus of Bourbon-Parma.

LAND AND PEOPLE

THE CONFIGURATION AND SIZE OF DENMARK

The Kingdom of Denmark comprises an area of about 44,400 square kilometres, this figure including the small group of islands, the Faroe Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, which have an area of about 1,400 square kilometres. Denmark proper thus covers an area of very nearly 43,000 square kilometres.

In proportion to its small surface area, the country is very extensive, stretching from the South to the North from Lat. 54° 33' 31" N. (Gedserodde) to Lat. 57° 44' 55" (The Scaw), and from East to West from Long. 15° 11' 59" E. of Greenwich (Aerteholmene in the Baltic) to Long. 8° 4' 36" E. (Blaavandshuk on the North Sea Coast). That there is not a correspondingly larger area is due to the peculiar configuration of the country; taking it as a whole, the country is made up of two parts: 1) the peninsula of Jutland, which is attached to the Continent of Europe, of about 30,000 square kilometres, and 2) the islands in the waters between Jutland and Sweden, whose number attains to 525 with a total area of a good 13,000 square kilometres. Of these 525 islands, however, only about a hundred are inhabited. The biggest of the islands are Zealand, with 7,043 square kilometres, Funen, with 2,990, Lolland (1,244), Bornholm (587), Falster (514), and Møen (217).

SURFACE AND SOIL

One can most easily form an idea of the nature of the surface and soil of Denmark by considering the manner in which the country came into existence. From a geological point of view, Denmark is a young country, as the surface apart from various formations of the present age, such as bogs, marshes, and dunes consists of the stratifications of the glacial period. The substratum under these originates from the two immediately prece

ding geological periods, the tertiary period and the cretaceous period. With the exception of the rock island of Bornholm far to the East, no older stratifications than chalk have been found in Denmark; in most places this lies deep down, although here and there it reaches to the surface, as for example on the island of Møen and at Stevns Cliffs, Mariager, and Aalborg, and a few other places, in most of which important lime and cement industries have grown up.

The glaciers of the ice period have provided Denmark with an evenly distributed surface stratum, principally consisting of the extremely fertile moraine clay, the somewhat poorer moraine sand and diluvial sand, the very finely washed stratified clay and, finally, the heath sand. The depth of the formations of the glacial period varies extraordinarily, and moreover the mode of formation has led to a contour of surface which, in the greater part of Zealand and Funen, in the whole of the Eastern portion of Jutland, and in part of Northern Jutland, is more or less undulating. It is here that Denmark's most characteristic and beautiful districts are to be found (North Zealand, Svendborg and Assens districts in Funen, Als and Sundeved, the Vejle and Silkeborg districts, as well as Vendsyssel in Jutland). Large plains are mostly to be found in West Jutland; the glacial edge is presumed to have remained for a long time along a line from South to North through Central Jutland, so that to the West of this line there are large areas covered with the deposits of the melting glaciers, consisting for the most part of poor, washed out sand. But here, too, the surface is often broken by the moraine formations of previous glacial periods, which project above the sand surface in the form of isolated hills.

With this origination the contour of the surface of the country varies greatly. There are great numbers of hills of a height of 100 to 150 metres, but very few are higher; Ejer Bavnehøj, in South-east Jutland, is the highest point in Denmark, and only attains to a height of 172 metres.

LAKES AND WATER COURSES

One meets with small lakes and water courses everywhere in Denmark, but as the coast is nowhere very distant, none of the water courses can attain any respectable size, and it was only in olden times that they played any part as

ways of communication. The longest water course in Denmark is the Gudenaa, which rises in South-east Jutland and runs through the country's one group of big lakes in the Silkeborg district; after a very winding course it finds its estuary in Randers Fjord one of the many examples of long valleys debouching into deeply indented fjords; this occurs most frequently in Jutland.

DISTRIBUTION OF AREA

Of the area of the country, lakes and ponds cover about 653 square kilometres, and water courses of more than three metres in breadth about 81 square kilometres, or in all about 734 square kilometres, so that the land area proper covers about 42,300 square kilometres. The actual distribution of productively utilised and other areas appears from the following summary:

The really productive soil, that is to say the soil under cultivation and the forest areas, thus amounts to about 94 per cent. on the islands and about 83 per cent. in Jutland of the whole land area. The bogs are exploited in the procuring of fuel (peat), whilst the heaths and dunes for the most part are unproductive.

DUNES AND HEATHS

As will be seen from the summary above, heaths and dunes are mostly to be found in Jutland. The dunes there form a continuous line along the West coast of Jutland from Blaavandshuk to the Scaw; they consist of driftsands and, in the seventeenth and eighteenth Centuries, did an exceedingly great amount of damage, at any rate in places, by drifting from the beach in over the cultivated areas. It was only about seventy years ago that the planting of these areas was completed, and the