of the former, commencing with the battle of Futtehpore, and ending with the relief from the Lucknow Residency, form the grandest episode in the Indian struggle, and display such devotedness in a small band of troops, and resolute obstinacy of purpose in a general, as were never exceeded in the annals of warlike operations. As the news arrived, mail after mail, that Havelock had gained another and another victory, despite the smallness of his force, their want of resources, the hazards and fatigue of repeated conflicts, and the more-to-be-dreaded ravages of cholera, the Minister, in his place in Parliament, was forced to pay a warm public tribute to the hero; and we can recollect the cordial approval manifested by the House, when he declared that Havelock had, in the short space of two months, gained no less than nine victories over forces five, eight, and ten times numerically superior to his own, capturing during these operations seventy pieces of cannon. And one of the Opposition leaders, with his usual felicity in the use of language and vigorous appreciation of eminent merit, endorsed the eulogy when he said: "Considering the climate, the time of year, the number of the battles fought, and the distances traversed, the march of Havelock with his devoted heroes deserves to be reckoned amongst the most brilliant enactments of our military history." Yet, when these statements were made in the Senate, and a baronetcy and Knight Commandership of the Bath conferred upon the general, the public were not satisfied that he had been sufficiently rewarded, so high was the country's sense of the value of his achievements.

But the most characteristic element in the biography of Henry Havelock remains, in conclusion, briefly to be noticed. How deep was his respect for religion. Unbending warrior though he be, his heart is humble, and his habit pious. Strange as it may sound in some ears, yet is it true, that he is a "man of prayer." The Scriptures are his contínual study, as their Author is the arbiter of his actions. When he resided at Bonn his place in an English service was never empty; and we have heard observers of his bearing on such occasions state that there was no more devout wor

shipper. Some time since a cry arose, that the Christian missionaries had produced the Indian insurrection, and ignorant persons sceptically disposed

scepticism is ever the fruit of ignorance-took occasion to sneer at all operations for the propagation of truth in Hindostan, as an illicit and a dangerous interference with the government of the country. From this tone of observation there was but a step to the insulting, impious, and silly declaration, that all military men, who were accustomed to peruse a Bible, lost their courage in acquiring their piety, and became the milk-sops of the army, canting, useless, narrowminded, and incompetent for serious enterprises. The case of an individual was eagerly seized, and the most made of it for the purpose of pointing such sarcasms by a personal example. It was in vain for more discriminating persons to say, that several of the most valiant men, whose exploits illuminate the page of history, were distinguished by a lofty religious disposition. The sardonic leer of the reckless journalist was the only reply. He had no relish for recalling such instances. He did not doubt that they might be cited, but the world had grown wiser, and soldiers, of all others, had the least business with creeds or feelings. Yet, even these scoffers are now constrained to allow, that their own idol, Havelock, claimed the title, so much abused, of "Christian," and that his attachment to religion did neither weaken his arm nor unnerve his mind. Nay, in spite of themselves, they must go farther still, and admit that the amazing self-command which never deserted him, his stern tenacity of purpose, his contempt for his own safety in a good cause, his clearness of view, and the dignity of demeanour which was so attractive to the men under his command, were the direct result of his pious sentiments. True religion ever inspires respect. No sceptic's glance can chill it, or mar its attractiveness. In its presence even the ribald infidel is forced to suppress his cynicism, and stoop in reverence. It bears down ridicule, moreover, by the manliness of the actions to which it prompts, and the purity and essential grandeur of the motives suggesting them. True religion, further, when sincerely cul

tivated, degrades no mind, conflicts with no duty that is in accordance with righteous principle, injures no man's spirit; but, on the contrary, elevates every impulse of the heart, develops all powers of the intellect, and even lends to weak physical natures a singular strength, communicated by contentment, temperance, pure aspirations, and an immunity from the slavish fear of death.

"Courage hath analogy with Faith." Long after even the major events of the Indian mutiny will have lost their freshness in the recollection of the British people, who hang to-day upon the lips of the narrators with breathless anxiety, the name of Havelock will be mentioned with reverence and pride. Men of his character never die. Their particular performances may cease to be very closely connected with their names in the memory of the busy world, but their influence is renewed, as, time by time, public instructors appeal to their auditories by examples of virtue and nobleness, drawn from the treasury of the past. We may predict that Sir Henry Havelock will for generations be the type of all that is large-minded and exemplary in the profession to which his life was an honour; while the good will quote him as one who, rendering unto Cæsar all due homage, did not forget to lay his heart upon the altar of God. Were the Queen of our vast empire served by a race of such as he, not only in arms, but in statesmanship, in letters, in every position prominently associated with the interests of the nation, her dominion might defy every treachery within, and assault from without. Pillars of memorial will rise, confessing the country's debt to the Hero of Lucknow; in the ear of an attentive and sympathizing country, Her Majesty's First Minister will again propose to pay his name honour; there will be no niggardliness in acknowledging his greatness, according to the usual course of extending justice to the dead, who, living, were but scantily appreciated; his family will be regarded as a sacred charge upon public regard; the Sovereign herself offers condolence to his widow; and other means will be taken to perpetuate him; but let Henry Havelock live in hallowed remembrance among

his fellow-countrymen as the model of a Christian soldier, and his fame will have a monument on which we may well describe, in emphatic charactersEre perennius.

It matters not that his body lies where the foot of the Sepoy makes a bloody track in the soil. We would not erect a costly mausoleum over so unostentatious a spirit. He sleeps best in the warrior's bed, without any merely artificial honours surrounding him. Let him rest quietly in the Garden of the World;" till, when the angry passions of men have subsided, when peace returns, and nature shall have recovered her supremacy in the fields where war now riots, when England has well learned the lesson which the Indian revolt should teach her, and released Christianity from bonds throughout our great possession, then may be reared over his grave a stone bearing a record, in letters of various languages, reminding the Western and the Oriental that the great soldier lying beneath poured out his life-tide in vindication of the True Faith, both from the savageries of an idolatrous people, and the miserable "expediency" principles of its hypocritical professors, who were afraid to "own their Master's name" in presence of effete and emasculate superstitions. We do not mean to hint that the Indian authorities are blameable for not having extended the religion of Christendom by force used directly or indirectly. The subject of our present observations, friend of missions though he was, never expressed a wish to use his sword as their apostle. The Gospel is not to be extended with carnal weapons; and any who dream that it may, labour under a delusion of no trifling nature. We are concerned, however, to see in the future management of India such a course pursued, under the auspices of the Company, or otherwise, as will set the missionary free, protect his liberties as a member of the community, and encourage him, at least by neutrality, to redouble his efforts for the evangelization of the country. The voice of the kingdom, irrespective of party, calls for this as the main result of the re-conquest. Meetings to express that view are being held in England and Ireland; and it will be strongly

As secret inquisitions are necessary to despotisms, so are open inquiries worthy of a true commonwealth. It is the deep and firm conviction that the nation's weal not only is, but is felt by all its sons to be, indeed, a common weal, which gives to a free people, such as ours, the courage so inexplicable to the craven spirit of despotic governments, not of sounding, merely, the depths of evils in the body politic, nor even of simply registering them, but of proclaiming manfully how deep the plummet went before ground was touched. "Tout se sait," may be the insinuated boast, often so cruelly fallacious, of mysterious and tyrannical statecraft. "Tout doit se savoir," is the nobler and truer profession of generous statesmanship. If weal there is to be, it must be common weal; therefore we will not shrink at any time from honestly considering together the common woe. To other nations such a saying may appear rash, unsafe, impracticable; happy it is for Britain that to her people it seems axiomatic and indisputably sound.

We are often taxed with overweening national conceit, indeed with intolerable national arrogance. The fairness of the indictment we are not just now concerned either to dispute or unreservedly admit; but this reproach no man may dare bring against us, that we ignore or endeavour to conceal what is defective, sore, decayed, or dangerous about us. When the enemies of our institutions wish to discharge most efficiently their conscientious duty of decrying them or shall we say, at once, wish to ease their spite-they find it at most times impossible to bring forward any thing in the way of original discovery. Nay, they cannot profit very much in the way of seizing upon incautiously made admissions. They can only re-echo what has been among ourselves, and by ourselves, uttered loudly in the hearing of all; indeed their loudest denunciations--and little wonder, seeing they proceed from

lungs that have only played in the frosty atmosphere of police-regulated public life are, after all, but the "roaring" of very "sucking doves," when compared with the robuster sounds of reprobation thundered from the freer organs of our own religious, social, or political censors and reformers.

Perhaps, indeed, we may occasionally lose the benefit which would accrue to us from a more sensitive appreciation of the criticisms passed upon us from without; because we are, as a rule, inured to the consciousness of their rarely original character.

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We feel, and in most cases with some reason, that, how many soever may be the "holes in a' our coats," there is at least no great call to “rede us tent it," because any outlandish chiel's amang us takin' notes," who, "faith, will prent it," seeing that, in nine cases out of ten, this "prent" will be no more than a reprint, often a bungling one, of some blue book, parliamentary paper, report of a royal commission, or of a voluntary association, intended expressly to make us well acquainted with the numbers, size, position, and shape of the holes in that aforesaid garment, as also with the expediency and probable prospect of procuring such patches, needle and thread, and workmanship, as shall be required to repair these deplorable holes, supposing them to be past fine-drawing. It is, indeed, to the contents of a blue book we desire to draw the attention of our readers contents which we shall, in this article, allow to speak very much for themselves; and if readers, indignant at our enacting the part of transcribers rather than critics, shall determine to forego the perusal of our extracts, and betake themselves to the document itself, we believe that our pains shall not have been taken in vain after all. The document in question is the report made to her Majesty by certain Commissioners, whose names we subjoin,* whose appointment dates from the

5th of May, 1857, and whose appointed task was, in their own words:-"to inquire into the sanitary condition of the British army, the state of the army hospitals, and the rank, pay, emoluments, and efficiency of the army medical department, and to report what measures we think advisable for the prevention of sickness and the treatment of disease in your Majesty's forces."

In framing this report, the Commissioners state that they have made large use of existing documents touching upon the matters in question, such as the reports and evidence of the Commission upon the state of the Army Hospitals in the East; that of inquiry into the Supplies of the Army in the Crimea, and of its Sanitary Commissioners; that of the Parliamentary Committee on the Medical Department of the Army; and certain statistical parliamentary papers on sickness, mortality, and invaliding among the troops-presented in 18389-40-1, and '53. They have themselves examined more than fifty witnesses combatant, medical and administrative officers, civil engineers, physicians and surgeons. The last name on the catalogue of persons under examination is that of Miss Florence Nightingale. And since that honoured name thus finds itself at once under our pen, we may, perhaps, venture upon, what almost amounts to an impertinence, a few words of admiration.

When that lady's name is mentioned-" a possession for ever" of glory to English womanhood-there is no man, woman, or child, who knows not of what a heart mention has been made; but we question whether it be so widely known, what manner of brain it is which controls the admirable impulses of that great heart.

Now, it may seem a strange school for information upon such a matter, when we refer our readers to questions and answers in the appendix to an official blue book; but we do so in all seriousness. Let any one only read attentively the thirty pages of Miss Nightingale's evidence therein contained, and we shall marvel greatly if thereafter her name do not appear to him a symbol, little less expressive of female intelligence than he now

knows it to be of female devotion. Largeness and completeness of conception, grasp of principle and minute perception of detail, singular clearness and closeness of calculation, unerring accuracy, rare statistical ability and evident administrative capacity, an almost humorous astuteness and keen perception of character, united, however, as might be expected, with a noble simplicity and generous force, may be traced throughout her evidence by indications so little doubtful, that whatever previous ignorance of the subject, or want of interest in it, the reader may bring to the perusal, he will have gained at least an insight into a mind so well worthy to be known, that this opportunity of partially gauging it shall ever appear to him to have been a high gratification. It is by quoting a passage of Miss Nightingale's evidence, that we can, perhaps, most effectually discover by what necessity the appointment of any such commission as that in question was not only justified, but imperatively demanded. We give it as it stands in the Appendix :

"To ascertain the efficiency of the sanitary or medical organization of the army, it should be tested by results in peace and in war?-Certainly, in both.

"What tests, under those two conditions, exist, and are available for our instruction, particularly in reference to the state of war?-The barrack and military hospital exist at home and in the colonies as tests of our sanitary condition in peace; and the histories of the Peninsular war, of the Walcheren, and the late Crimean expeditions, exist as tests of our sanitary condition in the state of war.

"Is it necessary that you should refer at all to the hospitals of Scutari or the Crimea, as inquiries on these subjects have already been instituted?-We have much more information on the sanitary history of the Crimean campaign than we have on any other. It is a complete example-history does not afford its equal-of neglects committed, of consequences suffered, of remedies applied, It is the whole of results obtained. experiment on a colossal scale. In all been wanting to complete the solution other examples, the fourth step has of the problem. We had, in the first seven months of the Crimean campaign, a mortality of sixty per cent. per annum from disease alone a mortality which