Hunting men, and not beasts, shall be his game.

He is the propitiation for our sins; and not for ours only, but for the sins of the whole world.

John was punished; William, rewarded.

Without were fightings, within were fears.

Business sweetens pleasure, as labor sweetens rest.

Justice appropriates rewards to merit, and punishments to crime.

LESSON IV.

INFLECTIONS.

Inflections of the voice are its slidings upward or downward, or both, to indicate emphasis or to fully express the thought. Inflections are of three kinds: rising, falling, and the circumflex.

The rising inflection is the upward sliding of the voice in the pronunciation of a word; as, Do you like apples? [marked thus: apples'.]

The falling inflection is the downward sliding of the voice in the pronunciation of a word; as, I do like apples`.

The circumflex is the union of the two inflections in the same word or syllable, and is used in the language of irony or scorn: as, You must take me for a fool to think I would do thăt. Marks [a].

The monotone, which is a succession of words on the same. key or pitch, and is not properly an inflection, is often employed in passages of solemn denunciation, sublime description, or expressing deep reverence and awe. It is marked with the short horizontal dash over the accented vowel; as,

And one cried unto another, and said, Hōly, hōly, hōly is the Lord of hosts. The whole earth is full of his glory.

RULES FOR INFLECTION.

I. Direct questions, or those that can be answered by yes or no, generally require the rising inflection, and their answers the falling.

EXAMPLES.

Do you think he will come to-day'?
Was that Henry'? No; it was John`.
Did you see William'? Yes`, I did`.

No; I think he will not`.

MODIFICATIONS OF RULE I.

NOTE I.— Answers that are given in a careless or indifferent manner, or in a tone of slight disrespect, take the rising inflection in all cases. Examples. Did you see William`? I did'.- What did he say to you`? Not much'.

NOTE II.— Direct questions, when they have the nature of an appeal, or are spoken in an exclamatory manner, take the falling inflection. In these cases the voice often falls below the general pitch, contrary to the general rule for the falling inflection.

Examples. Is not that a beautiful sight`?—Will you persist in doing it? Is it right? Is it just`?

NOTE III. When a direct question is not understood, and is repeated with emphasis, the repeated question takes the falling inflection.

Examples.- Will you speak to him to-day'? If the question is not understood, it is repeated with the falling inflection, thus: Will you speak to him to-day`? Are you going to Salem'? I said, Are you going to Salem?

II. The pause of suspension, denoting that the sense is unfinished, such as a succession of particulars that are not emphatic, cases of direct address, sentences implying condition, and the case absolute, generally require the rising inflection.

EXAMPLES.

John', James', and William', come here.

The great', the good,' the honored', the noble', the wealthy', alike pass away.

Friends', Romans', countrymen', lend me your ears.

Jesus saith unto him, Simon', son of Jonas', lovest thou me'?

III. Indirect questions, or those which cannot be answered by yes or no, generally require the falling inflection, and their answers the same.

EXAMPLES.

When did you see him`? Yesterday`.

When will he come again? To-morrow`.

Who say the people that I am`? They answering, said, John the Baptist; but some say Elias; and others say that one of the old prophets is risen again.

NOTE.- But when the indirect question is one asking a repetition of what was not at first understood, it takes the rising inflection. "What did he say?" is an indirect question, with the falling inflection, asking for information. But if I myself heard the person speak, and did not fully understand him, and then ask some person to repeat what he said, I give my question the rising inflection, thus: "What did he say'?"

IV. A completion of the sense, whether at the close or at any other part of the sentence, usually requires the falling inflection.

EXAMPLES.

He that saw me' saw you also`, and he who aided me once' will aid me again`.

NOTE.- But when strong emphasis, with the falling inflection, comes near the close of a sentence, the voice often takes the rising inflection at the close.

Examples. If William does not come, I think John will be here'.If he should come, what would you do?

CASSIUS: What night is this? CASCA: A very pleasing night to honest'

men.

V. Words and clauses connected by the disjunctive, or, generally require the rising inflection before the disjunctive, and

the falling after it. Where several words are thus connected in the same clause, the rising inflection is given to all except the last.

EXAMPLES.

Will you go', or stay`? I will go. Will you go in the buggy', or the carriage', or the cars', or the coach? I will go in the cars`.

He may study law', or medicine', or divinity`; or', he may enter into trade`.

NOTE I.-When the disjunctive or is made emphatic, with the falling inflection, it is followed by the rising inflection, in accordance with the note to Rule IV; as, “He must have traveled for health, or pleasure'."

Examples. He must either work`, or study'.- He must be a mechanic, or a lawyer'. He must get his living in one way, or the other'.

NOTE II.—When or is used conjunctively, and no contrast is denoted by it, it requires the rising inflection after as well as before it, except when the clause or sentence expresses a completion of the sense.

Example.- Did he give you money', or food', or clothing'? No, he gave me nothing`.

VI. When negation is opposed to affirmation, the former takes the rising and the latter the falling inflection, in whatever order they occur. Comparison and contrast (antithesis) come under the same head.

EXAMPLES.

I did not hear him', I saw him. I said he was a good soldier`, not` a good citizen'.- He will not come to-day', but to-morrow. He did not call me', but you`. He means dutiful`, not undutiful'.—I come to bury Cæsar, not to praise him'.

This is no time for a tribunal of justice', but for showing mercy`; not for accusation', but for philanthropy`; not for trial', but for pardon`; not for sentence and execution', but for compassion and kindness`.

COMPARISON AND CONTRAST.

Homer was the greater genius', Virgil the better artist; in the one we most admire the man', in the other the work. There were tyrants at home', and robbers abroad.

VII. For the sake of variety and harmony, the last pause but one in a sentence is usually preceded by the rising inflection.

EXAMPLES.

The minor longs to be of age; then to be a man of business; then to arrive at honors'; then to retire`.

Time taxes our health`, our limbs, our faculties, our strength', and our features`.

VIII.

1ST. A COMMENCING SERIES.

In an emphatic series of particulars, where the series begins the sentence, but does not either end it or form complete sense, every particular except the last should have the falling inflection.

EXAMPLE.

Our disordered hearts`, our guilty passions, our violent prejudices`, and misplaced desires', are the instruments of the trouble which we endure.

2D. A CONCLUDING SERIES.

When the series ends the sentence, or forms complete sense, every particular in the series, except the last but one, should have the falling inflection; and indeed all should have it, if the closing member of the series is of sufficient length to admit a pause with the rising inflection, before the end.

EXAMPLE.

Charity suffereth long', and is kind; charity envieth not`, charity vaunteth not itself; is not puffed up`; doth not behave itself unseemly`; seeketh not her own`; is not easily provoked'; thinketh no evil`.

IX. Expressions of tender emotion, such as grief, pity, kindness, gentle joy, a gentle reproof, gentle appeal, gentle entreaty or expostulation, etc., commonly require a gentle rising inflection.