whether a completion of the sense is intended at the end of each clause, or not; but if the several clauses are cmphatic, they will naturally take the falling inflection : "He answered and said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man'; the field is the world'; the good seed are the children of the kingdom'; but the tares are the children of the wicked' one; the enemy that sowed them is the devil'; the harvest is the end of the world', and the reapers are the angels'." 8. "Charity suffereth long', and is kind'; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth' not itself; is not puffed up'; doth not behave itself unseemly'; is not easily provoked', thinketh no evil.” But even in these cases, either the last member of the series of particulars, or the last but one, usually takes the rising inflection, for the sake of variety and harmony, unless the member is made quite emphatic. As a general rule, the rising inflection is used at the pause that precedes the cadence or fall at the close of the sentence. 9. Although sentences that are merely declarative take the falling inflection at the close, because then the sense is complete, yet strong emphasis and the falling inflection near the end of a sentence often require the rising inflection at the very close. If the following examples be first read without emphatic expression, they will have the falling inflections, and these will be slight in degree: a. "If the enemy should make their appearance, what would you do?" b. 66 Cassius. What night is this? Casca. A very pleasing night to honest men." C. "This is the course rather of our enemies, than of friends of our country's liberty." d. "If the witness does not believe in God, or a future state, you cannot swear him." 10. But give these examples the emphasis and the inflections which properly belong to them, and how great the change in meaning occasioned thereby! a. "If the enemy should make their appearance', what' would you do'?" b. "Cassius. What night is this`? Casca. A very pleasing night to honest men'." C. "This is the course' rather of our enemies', than' of friends' of our country's liberty'." d. "If the witness does not believe in God, or a future state, you cannot swear' him'.” LESSON IV.-Tender Emotion.-Strong Emotion. [Rule IV.] Expressions of tender emotion, such as moderate grief, pity, kindness, gentle joy, a gentle reproof, gentle appeal, are naturally spoken in a gentle manner, and with the rising inflection; while expressions of strong emotion are to be spoken with more force, and, generally, with the falling inflection. One could hardly read the following pathetic passages without giving them the rising inflection: 1. "Is your father well?-the old man' of whom you spake'? Is he' yet alive' ?" 2. "My mother! when I learned that hou wast dead', And, turning from my nurs'ry window', drew A long, long sigh', and wept a last adieu."--Cowper. 3. "I would not live alway'; I ask not to stay Where storm after storm rises dark o'er the way'; I would not live alway, thus fettered by sin', 4. "And the king was much moved, and went up to the chamber over the gate, and wept; and as he went, thus he said: O my son Absalom'! my son', my son Absalom'! Would God' I had died for thee', O Absalom', my son', my son'!" 5. "He bleeds'! he falls'! his death-bed is the field' ! Serene he lifts to heaven those closing eyes', Then for his country breathes a prayer'—and dies." And yet if this latter selection be read with emphatic force, as it may be without impropriety, its several statements will receive the falling inflection. 6. The following examples of strong emotion could not be read with any appreciation of the sense and feelings intended to be expressed, without giving them emphatic force and the falling inflection: a. "Come one, come all!-This rock` shall fly From its firm base, as soon as I." b. "Woe unto you, Pharisees'! Woe' unto you, scribes'!" c. "I dare' accusation. I defy' the honorable gentleman." d. "I'd rather be a dog`, und bay the moon`, than such`a Roman'.” 7. "Throw years away'? Throw empires`, and be blameless`; moments` seize,— When worlds want wealth to buy. Bid day stand still,— Bid him drive back his car, and reimport The period past,-regive the given hour. O for yesterdays to come!" LESSON V.-Comparison or Contrast. [Antithesis."] DIVISION I.-Rhetorical Pauses. 1. [Rule V.] It is well known that a speaker, in contrasting words and phrases with each other, will, if he speak naturally, make a longer pause than the grammatical construction would require (a rhetorical pause it may be called), between the contrasted parts; and when the contrast is formed between two persons or two things, each of which begins a member of a sentence, he will make the rhetorical pause after both. 2. Further than this, he will speak the first part of the contrast in a tone of voice somewhat higher than the other part, while the rising inflection will generally prevail in the former, and the falling inflection in the latter. The rising inflection is more apparent when the contrast is between words, than when it is between sentences. In the latter case the voice is often merely suspended at the prevailing pitch, rather than elevated by inflection. The following examples will fully illustrate these several points:— 3. "Sink or swim', live or die', survive' or perish'. I give my heart and hand to this vote." "There are also celestial bodies', and bodies terrestrial; but the glory of the celestial is one', and the glory of the terrestrial is another'. There is one glory of the sun', and another glory of the moon', and another glory of the stars`; for one star differeth from another star in glory. So, also, is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption',it is raised in incorruption; it is sown in weakness', it is raised in power'; it is sown a natural body', it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body', and there is a spiritual body."-I. Cor. xv. 40-44. 4. "By honor and dishonor'; by evil report' and good' report; as deceivers', and yet true'; as unknown',TM and a For Antithesis as a "figure of speech," see p. 90. yet well known; as dying', and behold we live'; as chastened', and not killed'; as sorrowful', yet always rejoicing; as poor', yet making many rich'; as having nothing', and yet possessing all things."-II. Cor. vi. 8-10. "This world, 'tis true, Was made for Cæsar-but for Titus too; And which more blest? Who chained his country', say`, DIVISION II.-Antithesis.-Description of Pompey. 5. "He waged more wars' than others had read' of; conquered more provinces- than others had governed'; and he had been trained up, from his youth', to the art of war'; not by the precepts of others', but by his own commands'; not by miscarriages in the field', but by victories'; not by campaigns', but by triumphs."— Cicero. Homer and Virgil. 6. "Homer was the greater genius', Virgil the better artist'. In the one we most admire the man', in the other the work'. Homer hurries and transports us with a commanding impetuosity, Virgil leads us with attractive majesty Homer scatters with a generous profusion, Virgil bestows with a careful munificence: Homer, like the Nile, pours out his riches with a boundless overflow; Virgil, like a river in its banks, with a gentle and con stant stream. 7. "When we behold their battles, methinks the two poets resemble the heroes they celebrate: Homer', boundless and irresistible as Achilles, bears all before him, and shines more and more as the tumult increases: Virgil,calmly daring, like Eneas, appears undisturbed in the midst of the action; disposes all about him, and conquers with tranquillity. Homer' seems like his own Jupiter in his terrors, shaking Olympus, scattering the lightning, and |