152 DUTIES, DRAWBACKS, &C. CONCLUSION. Ninth. It is often asserted, and I believe it, on all the information and experience of thirty years' acquaintance with commerce, that, taking the whole State of New York, an immense proportion of the dutiable articles pay no duty at all. Among the hosts of officers of one sort or other, how few are selected for their intelligence and integrity!-some such there are-just and honorable men-but the majority are street politicians-and Mr. Lawrence, as I have described him, is their appropriate chief. Are such the men to prevent smuggling-to protect, on our frontiers, and in such a port as this, the fair trader? Tenth. There are a great number of cellars, stores, and other places, for keeping bonded goods-articles for exportation, or that may be required for domestic use. With the keys in the hands of street politicians, bar room orators, spring and fall electioneerers, stock-jobbers, and speculators-may not genuine liquors be stored, the spirit exchanged, and a pretended foreign article exported? The system in use, as I have seen it, would tempt even brandy and gin dealers to collusion. Some time since the United States exported in seven years, subject to drawback (that is, a return of the duties,) a far larger quantity of foreign spices than had been imported and paid duty. I say nothing of home consumption. Here was the miracle of the loaves and fishes, in a new form-but were there no wooden nutmegs? What room is there for fair trade under such a system! Eleventh, and lastly. The merchant is not only puzzled by contradictory reports of cotton crops in Georgia and grain crops in England, and of new tariffs at Washington, London, Paris, and Dantzic, but he has to study politics as a science in order that he may be enabled to form an estimate of the value of the blasts of approaching war which blow continually in his ears from some quarter or other. War for Texas, for Mexico, for Canada, for Oregon, for part of Maine, for honor, for gain, for glory, for slavery or for freedom, or some cause or other, is an unceasing cry-and beyond the pretext it affords for upholding a vast naval and military force, with its contracts and corrupt patronage, many know not what to make of it. Perfect and of thirty years' continuance as peace now is, two-thirds of the national expenditure is upon warlike objects, and over 20,000 persons are in continual public pay as fighting men, or connected with war. The national war tax alone is nearly three millions of dollars for the State of New York, besides a loss of the services of thousands of valuable artizans and farmers. In 1839 there were 107 naval captains and commanders, and in 1841 an increase of 57, all on pay. Lt. Maury says that the Ohio, ship of the line, cost under $300,000, and that nearly $600,000 were charged in 1839, merely for repairing her. The checks of vetoes, departments, boards, and enquiring committees are found to be no checks at all, unless the people who buy goods and pay taxes to the Hoyts and Swartwouts of the day can be waked up a little. Few men have more steadily opposed extravagant expenditures than the writer, and even natives are willing to permit adopted citizens to write against abuses, so that they avoid mentioning the N. Y. corporation expenditure of 1843-4. What the country wants is peace, a free convention, and a people alive to reform and improvement. I have changed my mind both as to men and measures, in some degree, of late years, and must admit that there is truth in Lord Brougham's remark, that a rigid devotion to party forms one of the most sacred aristocratic mysteries,' and that politicians, when in power, ought never to forget the prayer (Matthew VI and 13,) Lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil.' There are, no doubt, many remarkable incidents in the lives of Messrs. Hoyt and Butler, which the compiler of this work has not had leisure properly to notice, nor even advert to-but, in a second edition, or through some other suitable channel of communication with the public, it is his intention to submit copies of several interesting documents, (before the sitting of the Convention, should it be determined on,) which he deems it advisable for the present to withhold. His chief object, thus far, was to shew the necessity which exists for checking the career of a faction of dissemblers who are unfriendly to the vital principle of elective institutions. i Governments, like Clocks, go from the motion Men give them; and as Governments are made and moved by Men, so by them they are ruined too. Wherefore Governments rather depend upon Men than Men upon Governments. Let MEN be good and the Government cannot be bad. If it be ill, they will cure it. But if Men be bad, they will endeavor to warp and spoil it to their turn. Preface to the Constitution of Pennsylvania, by 'William Penn, BOSTON: COOKE & CO., WASHINGTON STREET. 1846. ENTERED according to act of Congress, in the year 1846, by WILLIAM L. MACKENZIE, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. BAI. BAR. Baker, Caleb. 158; Butler's reinforcement ABOLITIONISTS. Author not one 65; Marcy proposed to abolish the 274; Jefferson one of by 160. the first and firmest 276; Young on 281. Baltimore Convention, 1844. 291 to 298. Bamber, John and James. Marcy's conduct to 67. Was anti-slavery 295; Bank of Alabama, Deposites at Mobile 124. Bank of America, N. Y. Origin of 26 to deposites in 124. ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY. Young a means of his election as president 57, 58; on Mexico 61; Albany Argus speaks for 76; and again Bancroft, George. 83; 97; 101; vindicates Jackson's Florida on Convention, ib. inroad 107; on navigation of St. Lawrence 111; Kendall on 118; for relief to exiles 131; bank votes 134; bank enquiry baulked by 28; Polk 135; on the bloodhound 146; Campbell agt. 193; Croswell's artful plan agt. 195; didn't resign 198; Wright on 203; Sanford for 204; election lost by 206; Swartwout's unprincipled opp. to 209; V. B. and 214; to Dutee J. Pearce 253; [his father on Canada 282.] Adopted Citizens. See Foreigners. Albany Argus. [See Edwin Croswell.] Not in state library, when for U. S. bank 76; views, 1828, 128; V. B. on 190; on both sides 195. Albany Regency, or Bucktail Head-quarters. 51 Feds. join them 29; 168; Noah on 214. Bank of England. Its loans 1835 to '37-137; Peel on its new charter 140. Bank of State of N. Y. 116; a national pet 124; a state pet 139. Bank Restriction Act. On repealing it 138; Marcy and Flagg agt. 175, 176, 177. Bank Stock Tax. Nevins agt. 188. Bank Suspensions, 1814, 1837, 1839. Griswold on 124; Binney on 135; in '37-136-7; Washington and Warren, and Barker's Exchange 154 to 162. Bankrupt Law. Van Buren's profligacy caused the necessity of 78; bank movements 137; Butler, Edmonds, &c. on 267. Allen, Orlando. Buffalo bank and 91. BANKS. Tompkins on 27; Bailey on 28; Allen, Stephen. Sub-treasurer 139: de- Pennsylvania 36; a bank hard pressed 39 to nounces the banks, he had made 174; to Hoyt 44; N. Y. 1828-84 to 86; Clinton, &c. on 86, for Tammany Bank 241; for U. S. bank, ib. 87; affect public justice 86; in Buffalo 90, Allen, Wm. Senate. Non-colonial 280; for 91; Jackson on 92; Cambreleng and 101; V. B. 295. Young about 128 to 130; assignats preferred Alley, Saul, 112; on tyranny of bank mono- to 138; Hard on 138; Peel on 140; Ôlcott on poly [a new discovery!] 174; wants Thomp- pretended 157; hints to empty handed, by son removed 214; how made a bank director Butler 154 to 160; Flagg and Marcy on 175; Nevins on 188-9; Cambreleng & Tibbetts on 232-3; bankrupt 267. 242. . Anderson, Elbert J. A delegate for U. S. bank 249. Angel, W. H. [or C.] 111; 126; 132; 231; hammers Root 234. Anti-Masonry. [See Southwick.] V. Buren on 204 and 229; Throop for 207; Adams for 253. Anti-Renters, 14; a godsend for the Van Burens, [as in 1812] 148; 150. Swartwout Apology for this book. 5 to 18. Appraisers of Merchandize. exhibit of the N. Y. sworn 223. Arbuthnot, Capt. executed by Jackson 106. Arnold, R. J. On gold mine, nullification, &c., 227, 243. Austin, S. Y. unfortunate as a bank debt coll'r. 94. Baird, John. Butler and 153, 158, borrows from 158. [See also, Banks, of America, Auburn, State of N. Y., Buffalo, Chenango, Chemical, Cincinnati, Dry Dock, England, Exchange, Ful- . ton, Girard, Hudson, Long Island, Lyons, Mechanics & Farmers', Manhattan, Merchants', Morris Canal, Metropolis, New Hope, N. A. Trust, Plattsburgh, Tonawanda, Tradesmen's, Utica, Watervliet, Washington and Warren; Bk. restriction; Bk. Suspensions; Free Banksing; N. Y. Safety Fund banks; Pet or deposite do.; Sub Treasury, and Stockjobbers.] Barbour, Philip P. In Crawford Caucus 55 and 195; 101. Barker, George P. City Bank, Buffalo and 90, 91; 132. Barker, G. R. cashier. Letter to Butler 161. Barker, Jacob. Sets up Butler as a 'wild cat bank' president at Sandy Hill, 38; entraps the BOW. INDEX. BUT. :" public 39, 40; puffs his Washington and War- from Canal Board 53; against choice of Elecren concern 42, 43; wants a national bank tors by the citizens 57; 194; praises V. B. for 44; Buffalo Bank and 154; Butler's manage- his uprightness 102; 112; with Butler 169; m't of his W. and W. bank 152 to 162; on the 185; V. B. on 216; 218; aided in starting W. & W. B. 159; pays off Butler 163, would Blair 233. hire him again 165; to be tried for fraud 169; letters 192, 220. Beach Moses Y. Polk's herald, through Sun 280; extraordinary change of his Texas policy 305 to 307. Beardsley, Levi. Bank 90; 111; 129. Vote on Buffalo City Beardsley, Samuel. On bank deposites, and Polish exiles 131; Bank votes 134; nickname 253; to Hoyt-notice of 254. Beekman, Dr. John P. 154; on V. B. 293. Beers, Joseph D. 137; a proper deputy 261. Bennett, James Gordon. On Kendall 122; on Calhoun 139; on state prison for defaulters 141; 184; letters 221, 222; Marcy, Webb and 235-6; on Van Buren, U. S. Bank and big gun 236-7; borrowing-hot for V. Burengets a cooler 245. Boyd, G. D., Columbus. Embezzles $51,000 133. Brady, Judge T. S. On the Bamber case 67. Branch, John. An M. C. takes office 101; his conduct and opinion of V. Buren 109. Breese, Sidney, U. S. Senate. Law to punish embezzlement no law at all 141. Bribery and Corruption. Clinton on 30; 87; Congressmen selected for offices 96 to 100; 124. Brinkerhoff, Jacob. On Canada 283; for Van Buren 295. Britain. Great, glorious, salutary and peaceful reforms in 46, 47. Brokers, Wall St. Butler abuses them 45; is sharper than 160. Brownson, Alvin [federal, mercht. Oswego]. Votes to drive Clinton from the canals 53; with the immortal 17, 57; a Butler democrat Benton, Nath'l S. On banks, &c. 93. Votes for Steven-169. Betts, Judge Sam. R. Could not find a law to punish Hoyt. [He only stole $220,000!]| 141; laws scarce nowadays, ib.; notice of 190. Biddle, Nicholas. Van Buren and Marcy's petition to 79; who he was 115. Binney, Horace. Report on treasury banks 133: speech on Polk's pets 135; on currency 141. Birchard, Matthew, Solr. Treas. Fiat against merchants at Hoyt's request 271; 152. Blair, F. P. On foreigners 71; for banks 88; on Congress 97; against Sub-treasury 134, 139, 140; his style approved by V. B.-specimens 144; notice of 145; Fisk on, ib.; on public expenditure 146 to 149; a hired machine of state 215; $2,022 paid for his press 233; lost the printing 242; on Polk 292; for anybody 295. Bleecker, Harmanus. Anti-war fed.-gets office from V. B. 44. Blennerhassett, Harman. Burr's confederate 62; his son 259. Bloodhounds. Imported to track Indians and poor negroes in Florida 146. Bockee, Judge Abraham, [Ex-N. Y. Customs.] Votes to let the pets keep U. S. treasure 134. Bogardus, Cornelius S. 10; 13, 14; 223; 265. Bouck, Joseph. Vote on deposits to pets 131. Boughton, Dr. Smith A. J. V. Buren gets $1250 for speaking at his two trials 148. Bronson, Greene C. 207. Brown, William [Brown, Shipley & Co.] Bank loan to 137. Brownson, O. A. On trading politicians 35; letter to Mackenzie 143. Buchanan, James. 98; 100; 123; colonial policy changed 280. Buckner, Wm. G. and 179. Hoyt, and the banks Bucktails. How named 50; Crawford caucus 57; Butler joins 163; no office if not one 186; flag 198; 211. Buel, Judge Jesse. Sells Argus to V. Buren, &c. 190. Buffalo, Bank of, 1816. Dishonest charter granted by Van Buren, &c., to 31 to 33; Butler on 154; Hoyt for cashier 155. Buffalo, Bank of. 91. Buffalo, City Bank of. Some facts about 90, 91. Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. On Marcy, &c. 125. Buffalo, Commercial Bank of. 94. Buonaparte, Napoleon. On national hospitality 67, Burke, Edmund. On popular movements, 1; on currency and usury 149. BURR, AARON. 21; the first to nominate Jackson 58; 259; his plans against Mexico and this Union 60 to 63; notice of 62. Burrows, Latham A. Skinner tries to influence 197. Burrows, Silas E. Swartwout praises 222; notice of 223; loan to Webb and Noah 235. BUTLER, BENJAMIN F. 5; Glentworth affair by 11; 16; Polk continues $20,000 a year to, Ritchie defends him-Butler's early life-piety of father and son-Washington & Warren bank charter passed 37, 38; Butler as its president 39 to 44; his hypocrisy ib.; Wright enBowne, Walter. Voted to expel Clinton dorses him 41; on Polk, ib.; the Brokers and Bowman, John, of Monroe Co. Moves expulsion of Clinton from Canal Board 53; gets Rochester bank (party) charter, ib.; one of the immortal 17, 57. iv CAN. INDEX. CLI. 282 to 289; opinions on, ib.; causes for revolt 86; 206; 208. Vote on M. and F. bank 43; he prays to Biddle for a branch of the U. S. bank 79; a strong U. S. bank man 84 to 86; wishes stockholders not to be liable 86; 128; borrows U. S. revenue from pets 135; tariff management 139. [Letters.] Pender and principle 152; stated preaching' 152; Clinton 152; banking 153; law, banking, chancery, Van Buren 154; Hoyt and Bank of Buffalo Carter, Nath'l H. Editor-V. B. stops his 155; banking immoral 156; avarice rebuked! Cary, Trumbull. Safety Fund report by 89. paper for economy 187. 157; cunning and champagne-the Patroon 158; gulls the people 159; bullies bankers and bank 104; on Indians, slaves, and Texas 105; CASS, LEWIS. Memoir of 102 to 105; on a brokers-crows 160; postscript to piety-fair before Baltimore convention 292, 293; on the and proper calls 161; exhorts Jesse 162; Julius Indians 296. Caesar, a bucktail 163; V. Buren partnership -Sandy Hill, adieu! 164-5; American Ers- congressional 55 and 195; Butler for 168; buckCAUCUS. V. Buren yes and no 44; Crawford kine, organized corps, envy 166-7; piety, tail 57; J. V. Buren's appointment by a 148; cheating in politics-Young's nomination V. B. 190; state 197. 168-9; dear Hoyt, John Duer 170-1; on Jackson and banking 172; abuse of Clinton by Cebra, Alderman John Yates. 220. 152; 161; 164; 167; for a U. S. Bank-not M'Coun;] asked to remove old Buffalo bank, CHANCERY, Court of. now! 171; Flagg on election of 173; Dist. a Nuisance 33; Kent refuses Butler's injunc13; [see Wm. T. Att'y Alb. 190; wrote Bowne's report against tions 42; use of in safety fund b'ks 94; Butler popular elections 194; on Hoyt's sureties, ib.; and 154; tried for a base purpose by Butler a candidate 206; 221-2; cant and hypocrisy, 160; Butler and Van Buren's practice in 164unequalled 254; on laws for debtor and credi-5; fees long in coming 167; its bushel basket tor 267; at Baltimore 293; moves Texas! re-170; court of errors worse 193; notice of 303-4. solve 294; on hard cider 295. Wasson 220. Chauncey, Commodore Isaac. Recommends Butler, Benjamin F. LETTERS, number 1 to number 67-63 letters, in all; pages 151 to 172. Butler, Mrs. Harriet. On Mrs. Olcott 156; esteems Jesse Hoyt 168; on Croswell, Noah, Sutherland, Tallmadge 170; makes Edmonds a Belisarius-Hoyt, Butler, &c. 171. Butler, Medad, father of B.F. Channing, Dr. W. H. To Clay on Texas 63; on laborers 281. Chemical Bank, N. Y. 33; 87. 34; V. Buren dodging, &c. 129. Church and State Unions. 69, 70. in 124. &c. 37. His piety, Butchers and Drovers' Bank, N. Y. Lost venson 97, 98; on St. Lawrence navigation Clay, Henry. Van Buren for 83; on Stein 1828-93. CALHOUN, JOHN C. 47; his course on Texas of by Kendall 117 to 120; not interested in 112; vote on V. B's embassy 112; treatment and Slavery 64 to 66; vote against Stevenson U. S. B. 119; on Duane 122; Young for 128; 98; 105; on Seminole war and Jackson 106; on state banks 138; Campbell on 232; Van casting vote against V. B. 112; votes for V. B. Buren on 197-8; 202; Noah's slanders 214; as president 112, 283; on removal of deposits Cambreleng on 232; commissioners sent to Pa121; for one bank or a specie currency 140; nama by Adams and 279; on the Colonies 285; afraid of losing the tariff 143; Blair and 144; Ritchie on 292. Selden on 174; 189; Godwin on 251; on bankrupt laws 267; on slavery 275; on laborers 233; on private letters 234. 281; on Canada 284; on lands 308. Clayton, Augustine Smith. On U. S. Bank Clayton, John M. Vote against Stevenson Clark, Lot. In Crawford caucus 55 and 195. Clark, Aaron. 165, 167, 196. CAMBRELENG, C. C. In the Crawford Cau-98; rejects V. B. 112. cus 55; 100; notice of 101; visits Crawford 108; votes aid to Poles 131; votes on deposits 134; endorses for V. B. 184; on Clay, &c. 200; for Coddington 207; wants a place 213; picks partisans for customs 219; letters 224; for President, 1812, 44; opposed by Bucktails CLINTON, DE WITT. 21; Clinton nominated 226; on railroad and turnpike 228; against and Feds 29; exposes official corruption 30; McLane's Treas. report-on Webb 230; on recommends the Convention of 1821, ib.; and bank and workies 231; for Tibbets's plan 232; Bank inquiry 35; Van Buren his political for a national bank 233; on Pewter Mug and aide-de-camp 44; Spencer on his and Van Buprivate letters 234; an M. C. getting P. Ms. ren's conduct, 1812, 48, 49; Duane on 49; 54; and b'k directors appointed 242; note by 263. the Canals and 50; V. Buren's duplicity to, ib.; Cambreleng, Stephen. Stilwell for 226. Campbell, James. 112; letter to Hoyt-dis-er-American gratitude to 51, 52; his persehe is expelled the office of Canal Commissionlikes the merchts. 191-politics and elections cutors 53; Van Buren lauds him when 193; on Clinton's death-Sanford 203; 219. CANADA. A refuge for the slave 65; trade V. B. ib.; Jackson and Ritchie on 55; enmidead 54; but hated him, ib.; Col. Stone on 112; Brownson on 144; 268; insurrections in ty to 56; Davis on 81; on banking 86; 108; V. |