Concord and attraction. The following are unusual; 11. 9. 41 sidera sunt jectives. testes, III. 6 (5). 24 haec mihi deuictis Concord and potior uictoria Parthis, haec spolia, haec attraction of reges, haec mihi currus erunt. It would nouns and adusually be hi reges, hic currus erit. Observe also the change to neut. plur. haec in the pentameter, and the plur. erunt in agreement with haec. This is the usual construction in Prop.; Iv. 12 (13). 27 illis munus erant decussa Cydonia ramo, iv. 8 (9). 34. Amongst attractions may be mentioned Iv. 5 (6). 39, 40 me quoque consimili impositum torquerier igni iurabo et bis sex integer esse dies where the change of constr. is very noticeable. II. 9. 7 is still stranger uisura et quamuis numquam speraret Vlixem. It is to be explained as follows. (a) speraret se uisuram is the ordinary constr. Roby 1444, then (b) the se is omitted speraret uisuram, Roby 1347; then (c) the uisura is attracted into the nom., as in the foregoing ex. and others quoted by Roby 1350 to which 1. 16. 8 (n.) is probably to be added. The subtle influence of juxtaposition probably accounts for III. 8 (7). 16 Iuppiter, indigna merce puella perit (for indignum an exclamation 'monstrous!'), III. 7 (6). 38 uitae longus et annus erit (probably for uitae longum as the order seems to shew). Compare p. cvi. on the pronouns. Omissions. There are two omissions in Propertius of frequent occurrence. (i) of parts of sum. The omission of the inf. throws the stress of the Omissions. sentence into the predicate as has been already explained. Besides this, finite parts of it are omitted. The regular omissions are given sum. in Roby 1442-4. Propertius has several rare ones; II. 8. 13 ergo tam multos nimium temerarius annos (sc. sum) qui tulerim, III. 24 (20). 12 an contempta tibi Iunonis templa Pelasgae Palladis aut oculos ausa (es) negare bonos? His absolute use of the part. is perhaps so to be explained; Iv. 16 (17). 38 ante fores templi (erit) crater antistitis auro libatum fundens in tua sacra merum. See above on the past part. and on the vocative. Omissions of the subj. in 1. 8. 37 n. (esset), III. 23 (19). 11 n. (sit). (ii) The second class of omissions is that of the personal pronouns both in the nom. as in iv. 10 (11). 68 nunc ubi Scipiadae classes...aut modo Pompeia Bospore capte manu? and in oblique cases as in 1. 1. 23 note, I. 3. 30, Iv. 24. 6 n., III. 30 (24). 28 testis eris puras, Phoebe, (tc) uidere manus. So with is; IV. 15 (16). 14 nemo adeo, ut noceat (ei), barbarus esse uolet. See more in Hertzb. p. 124; and compare p. lxii. Personal pro nouns. We have other elliptical expressions. Verbs of motion are to be supplied in iv. 4 (5). 30 in Other ellipses. nubes unde perennis aqua, Iv. 17 (18). 21 sed tamen huc omnes, v. 2. 29 sobrius ad lites. The verb is omitted with quo and unde in interrogations III. 27 (22). 31 quo tu matutinus, ait, speculator amicae? II. 7. 13 unde mihi patriis natos praebere triumphis? and in exclamations v. 6. 65 di melius! structions. When a word is put once which should appear twice, we get a zeugmatic or double-headed construction which has been noticed al- Zeugmatic conready; see p. lxiv. So 1. 15. 13 et quamuis I. numquam posthac uisura-dolebat-illa tamen longae conscia laetitiae, Iv. 21. 33 seu-moriar-fato non turpi fractus amore 'if I die, I shall die by the decree of fate.' A second case is where another word or phrase, either (a) alike in meaning but different in form, or (b) alike in form but different in meaning, has to be supplied from the context. Thus (a) Iv. 12 (13). 61 uera loquor: sed nulla fides. neque enim Ilia quondam (sc. fidem habuit), uerax Pergameis Maenas habenda malis. (b) Iv. 29 (23). 13 (15) note. So probably (with Hertzb.) is to be explained iv. 22. 37, Sinis being nom. Compare 1. 2. 17 n. The first class is allied to anacoluthon and the second to zeugma. Compare p. lxii. Changes of construction. These are so common in Propertius that little more is necessary to do than to enumerate of sentence. the heads under which they fall. (i) The Change of form change which apostrophe is largely influential in producing is discussed by Hertzb. p. 115. One example will suffice from a poem which will also abundantly illustrate anacoluthon, IV. 10 (11). 33 sqq. Alexandria is addressed (v. 33), then Memphis (v. 34), then Rome (36), Pompey (37), Rome (49), Cleopatra' (51). Change of person. (ii) Change of (ii) The alteration of the first person sing. and plur. is extraordinarily frequent in Propertius. Thus in the first poem 1. 1. 33 in me nostra number. Venus and note; and see the collection of instances in Hertzberg, p. 121. Occasionally other changes are found; e. g. III. 20 (17). 43-47 from uos to tu, 111. 23 (19). 7 sqq. (iii) I have already given examples of the substitution of one tense or mood for another (see above, pp. cix. sqq.), and the same examples tense and mood. will serve as instances of the conjunction (iii) Change of of dissimilar tenses or the change from one to another. It is in consequence sometimes difficult to decide whether a change of tense indicates a change of meaning, III. 5. 33, 34 and note. 1 In these cases there is no name in the voc. to warn us there is a change of person. See more exx. in the notes. (iv) Propertius is very fond of varying his constructions in all sorts of ways. Thus II. 1. construction. Order of words. 19 sqq. non ego Titanas canerem...Xerxis (iv) Change of et imperio bina coisse uada regnaue prima Remi, iv. 10 (11). 37 issent Phlegraco melius tibi funera campo uel tua si socero colla daturus eras, IV. 12 (13). 27 illis munus erant Cydonia...et dare canistra, nunc uiolas tondere. See also 1. 5. 19 sqq., 1. 8. 34 sqq., III. 23 (19). 7 sqq., iv. 2 (3). 41 sqq., &c. We have seen from an example' that Propertius often adopts a very strange arrangement of words, and more instances of such hyperbata or transpositions may be gathered from Hertzberg. I will add some dislocations of words which are apparently due to the influence of metre, the next subject that we shall treat of. They consist chiefly in postponing particles to a later place than their proper one in the sentence; sometimes however, as in 1. 2. 30 omnia quaeque (for omniaque quae) Venus quaeque Minerua probat, they make them occupy an earlier one. Though they occur in pentameters, we do not find the special variety which is such a favourite of Tibullus and to a less extent of Ovid, viz. a quadrisyllable in the last half followed by a que; e. g. Tib. 11. 5. 72 multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis. They are often used with a certain subtlety of emphasis which we should have expected could only have been given in Greek. Thus Iv. 15 (16). 5 obductis committam mene tenebris? 'my poor life,' so IV. 5 (6). 12 ornabat niueas nullane gemma manus? 'what, not one?' Iv. 21. 16 qualiscumque mihi tuque puella uale, καὶ σύγ', ὦ κόρη. 1 See page lxx, CHAPTER IV. METRE AND PROSODY. The Propertian elegy, and the elegy before and In his treatment of the elegiac metre Propertius appears to great advantage. With him it has a weight and a vigour that no one else can shew; and while it is conceivable that a greater poet might have handled it better, it is certain that no one has done so as well. after Proper tius. In the hands of Catullus the elegiac is still semibarbarous. The pentameters of Catullus can only be compared to the hexameters of Ennius. In both we see the struggle of form with an unyielding material; and the sense of this inevitably jars upon us. This is not the place to enter into an elaborate analysis of the elegiac verse of Catullus. But two points may be mentioned; his extraordinary number of elisions, and his carelessness about the ending of the pentameter. In the verse of Tibullus and Propertius there is equilibrium between the forces. The versification is finished and yet free. With their successors the rules are drawn tighter, the metrical composition stiffens, > and the verse becomes a mould to which the writer must fit his thought instead of a plastic medium which that thought may shape at its will. In metre as in language this is inevitable. A custom grows out of |