kennen.

The idea is at the root of the Socratic doctrine that vice is merely ignorance. indociles, 'untaught.' Of the thing done, here and Ov. Tr. 4. 1. 6 indocili numero, cf. Cic. Acad. 2. 1. 3 in docilem usus disciplinam; of the agent Hor. Od. 1. 1. 18 indocilis pauperiem pati and Ov. Tr. 3. 12. 8 indocili gutture uernat auis. It is opposed to doctus, which is applied to rivers that have been banked in, &c.; cf. Hor. A. P. 68 fluuius doctus iter melius.

13. persuadent. This, the reading of all Mss. except G. which has collucent, a manifest correction, is obviously corrupt. Various emendations have been proposed of which the one in the text is that of Hertzb., praelucent; it' to transcend in shining, to shine very brightly'; cf. Plin. N. H. 32. 10. 52. 141 baculum praelucet. It is not satisfactory, though better than Scaliger's per se dent-canant, for which cf. 111. 32 (26). 49 nec tu tam duros per te patieris amores, and Palmier's (not 'Palmer's' P.) persqualent.

14. nulla arte, rŵ μǹ Excw réxvnv 'quod nulla ars adest': for the use of the neg. cf. Ov. M. 8. 683, et ueniam dapibus nullis que paratibus orant (the want of preparation); for the abl. cf. Introduction.

15-20. 'Not thus did Phoebe, the daughter of Leucippus, fire Castor's heart; not by attire did Hilaira, her sister, win Pollux; not thus did the daughter of Evenus sow strife in days of old betwixt Idas and lovesick Phoebus on the shores of her father's stream; nor did Hippodamia, whom the stranger's wheels bore away, allure her Phrygian spouse by a lying fairness.'

15, 16. Phoebe and Hilaira, the daughters of Leucippus had been betrothed to Lynceus and Idas. Castor and Pollux carried them off and were pursued by Lynceus and Idas. In the fight that ensued (see Theocr. 22. 137 sqq., Ov. Fast. 5. 700 sqq.) three of the four were killed, but Castor was rescued from death by Pollux sharing with him his own immortality. succendit, so in the pass. iv. 18. (19). 15 patria succensa senecta Myrrha.

17. cupido, 'eager and full of desire.' Cf. Tib. 2. 5. 54. discordia, in apposition to filia, 'source of discord.' Cf. Introduction. With non a verb is to be supplied from the context: cf. Introduction.

18. Eueni filia. Marpessa who was carried off by Idas. Her father pursued them; but, not overtaking them, threw him

self in his chagrin into the river Evenus, which was so named from him. Near the river Phoebus fell in with Idas and took Marpessa from him; but according to one account she was afterwards restored. litoribus, litus for ripa as in Aen. 8. 83 and elsewhere. So in Greek Pind. N. 9. 40 παρ' ἀκταῖς ̔Ελώρου.

19. Phrygium maritum, Pelops; who according to one tradition was expelled by Ilus from his native town Sipylus in Phrygia and emigrated to Pisa: and according to the wellknown legend won Hippodamia for his wife by conquering her father Oenomaus in the chariot race. falso candore. Cf. IV. 24. 8 quaesitus candor where see note. traxit, 'drew his affections to herself.' So of spells, Iv. 5 (6). 27, 28 illum turgentis ranae portenta rubetae et lecta exectis anguibus ossa trahunt.

20. externis rotis. On the car which had just been victorious (curru uictore Ov. infr.). I do not understand what P. means by saying 'by the stranger Pelops in the chariot race (the italics are mine). Hippodamia was the prize and not a passenger in the chariot race: and the Lat. could not possibly mean through the victory of a stranger's car.' The epithet externis is softened down by Ovid in his imitation A. A. 2. 7, 8 talis erat qui te curru uictore ferebat, uecta peregrinis Hippodamia rotis.

21-24. 'No! their helper was beauty that owed no debt to jewels, like the hues in the paintings of Apelles. It was not their one aim to hunt for lovers through the town. Chastity, a wealth of beauty, was theirs.'

aderat,' was

21. facies, 'beauty,' as in III. 32 (26). 1. present to help them.' obnoxia, probably from Virg. G. 1. 396 fratris radiis obnoxia luna. Im. by Seneca 1. c. on v. 5. obnoxius is literally exposed to a penalty (noxa)' úñeúðvvos, and with a dat. at the mercy of.'

22. qualis, a loose connexion of sentences not uncommon in Prop.; cf. el. 16. 38, and Introduction. Apelleis. Apelles of Cos, the chief painter of antiquity and the perfecter of the technical part of his art. He invented a process of varnishing his pictures, which not only preserved them, but made the colours richer and more subdued. He generally painted on panels (tabulae), and his subjects were usually taken from the nude. Hence the point of the comparison. tabulis. For the trisyllabic ending see Introduction.

23. Hunting for lovers was not their life's aim.' studium conquirere. Prop. is very bold in this use of the inf. as

the nom. to a sentence. Cf. Iv. 12 (13). 38 nec fuerat nudas poena uidere deas and Introduction. uolgo, cf. Ter. Heaut. 3. 1. 38 uictum uolgo quaerere in a similar connexion.

24. See Seneca quoted on v. 5.

25-32. "I fear not now that thou should'st hold me cheaper than those heroines of thine.' Whosoever finds favour in one lover's eyes, that maiden is decked enough; and thou especially, since to thee beyond all others Phoebus grants his power of song and Calliope her Aonian lyre with hearty will, and on thy pleasant talk there waits a matchless charm, yeaTM all that Venus and all that Minerva commends. These gifts will make thee ever the darling of my life, if thou wilt but scorn the wretched ways of fashion."

25. I have punctuated this line so as to mark that it is an interruption of Cynthia's. She is supposed to say 'I am not afraid of your preferring your heroines to me. I am sure of you. I dress for others.' Prop. replies 'A maid is adorned enough if she find favour in one lover's eyes.' For a similar dialogue between Propertius and Cynthia see bk. 11. 20 (17). non ego nunc uereor is a favourite phrase with Prop. See 1. 6. 1, 1. 19. 1, &c., and cf. Introduction.

as in Ov. Her, 12. 187 si tibi sum uilis. tain contempt.

uilior, with dat. istis, with a cer

27. cum tibi. A step in the argument is omitted. Cf. the trans. and argument and compare Introduction. carmina, 'power of song,' a thoroughly Latin brachylogy: cf. Pott's Lat. Prose, p. 32. For a somewhat similar expression see v. 1. 133 tum tibi pauca suo de carmine dictat Apollo. For Cynthia's accomplishments see Introduction.

28. Aoniam lyram, imitated Ov. Am. 1. 1. 12 Aoniam Marte mouente lyram.

29. nec desit. For this use of a double negative where the other portions of the sentence, as here iucundis, require a positive conception-a use foreign to our idiom-see Introduction. gratia, xápis; compare Phocylides Anal. Br. 1. p. 78 ols out' ἐν μύθοις ἕπεται χάρις οὔτ ̓ ἐνὶ βουλῇ and Meleag. Anth. Gr. 5. 195 αἱ τρισσαὶ Χάριτες τρισσὸν στεφάνωμα συνεῖναι Ζηνοφίλᾳ, τρισσᾶς σύμβολα καλλοσύνας, ὁ μὲν ἐπὶ χρωτὸς θεμένα πόθον, ὁ δ ̓ ἐπὶ μορφᾶς ἵμερον, ὁ δὲ λόγοις τὸ γλυκύμυθον ἔπος. Compare for the whole passage Melenger Anth. 5. 140. uerbis. The weight of м8. authority is in favour of uerbis, not dictis, and in the only other passage where dictis occurs in Prop.

(v. 1. 61) it is used of written composition, Ennius hirsuta cingat sua dicta corona (cf. note on el. 9. 9). On the other hand the palpable imitation in Ov. M. 13. 127 neque abest facundis gratia dictis slightly favours the latter word. For Propertius' fondness for uerba cf. el. 8. 22 n.

30. Compare for the displacement of que 1. 20. 26. It produces a Greek rhythmical effect of which Prop. is fond. See Introduction. quae probat, i. e. all the charms which these goddesses naturally regard with satisfaction; in less vague language the attractions they typify, Venus representing the softer, Minerva the severer ones. For the expression compare an epigr. attributed to Virgil, Catal. 13. 5, cui Venus ante alios, diui diuomque sorores cuncta neque indigno, Musa, dedere bona, cuncta quibus gaudet Phoebus, chorus ipseque Phoebi, and Anal. Br. III. n. 743,

μορφᾶς ὁ πρωτεῖον ἔχειν δωρήσατο Κύπρις,
ἔργα δ' Αθηναία τερπνὰ σαοφροσύνας,

Μοῦσα δὲ καὶ σοφίαν καὶ πακτίδα τὴν φιλέραστον

σύμφωνον ἐρατοῖς μιξαμένα μέλεσι.

31. his, the foregoing recommendations. Cf. el. 20. 51. nostrae uitae. For this expression, which nearly nobis dum uiuimus, compare iv. 10 (11). 1 quid mirare meam si uersat femina uitam? Cf. Introduction.

32. miserae luxuriae 'wretched frivolity': contemptuous like Gr. dúornos. It is loosely translated by P. 'finery that brings no happiness.' luxuriae is of course the gen. sing.

I. V.

INTRODUCTION.

ADDRESSED to Gallus, a friend of the poet's (see Introduction), expostulating with him for endeavouring to supplant him in Cynthia's affections and pointing out the miseries of his attachment.

ARGUMENT.

Cease from sowing dissension between two lovers (1, 2). You are mad to tempt the miseries of a love like mine (3—8) or the anger of my mistress (9, 10). Even if she consents, what wretchedness awaits you (11-20). You will then under

stand too well why I am pale and emaciated (21, 22). Your rank will be of no avail (23, 24) and, if you betray your secret, you will be the common talk of the town (25, 26). I shall not be able to help you: I can only share your wretchedness (2730). Therefore beware (31, 32).

1-6. 'Enough, thou envious man. Restrain thy unwelcome speech and let us travel on our course, as now, hand in hand. What does thy heart desire, madman? To feel a frenzy like mine? Ah, hapless man, thou hurriest to a knowledge of the direst woe, to tread in misery over fires thou knowest not, to quaff all the poisons that Thessaly can brew.'

2. cursu quo sumus, for the phr. cf. Cic. Att. 1. 1. fin. uide in quo cursu simus. quo for in quo is partly to be explained as a loose use of the simple abl. such as prevails in the earlier writers-cf. Plaut. Most. 254 suo quidque locost?, Ennius quo loco, curru quadriiugo-partly as a sacrifice to grammatical symmetry. Prop. not unfrequently prefers correspondence in syntax to correspondence in thought. A striking instance is 11. 5. 28 where see note. pares, 'well mated, pulling well together'; properly of animals at the plough. Cf. el. 1. 32 and IV. 25. 8 tu bene conueniens non sinis ire iugum. Theocr. 12. 15 ἀλλήλους ἐφίλησαν ἴσῳ ζυγῷ.

3. quid tibi uis, insane, word for word in a passage quoted from C. Gracchus by Cic. De Orat. 2. 67. 269. The tibi makes the question more incisive. meos furores, 'paroxysms like mine,' 'my frenzy with all its outbreaks'; whereas furor el. 1. 7 is the course of mad love as a whole. Some read meae referring to Cynthia's passionate outbreaks (el. 1. 33 n.), an alteration which is not necessary, though it lends more point to quod si v. 9. sentire, cf. 1. 9. 21.

4. properas, with inf. as Sall. Cat. 13. 2 quippe quas (sc. diuitias) honeste habere licebat, abuti per turpitudinem properabant, was eager to'; comp. Roby 1344. ultima mala = Soph. Phil. 65 ἔσχατ ̓ ἐσχάτων κακά.

5. ignotos dwells on the note struck in nosse. With Propertius the strange or unknown seems to have excited an instinctive repulsion: cf. his uses of nouus, externus, ignotus and compare Introduction. To translate ignotos 'hidden,' as P. and others, gives a wrong sense, (since Prop. is speaking of pain, not of danger), and also an unexampled meaning to ignotos.