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CHAPTER XIV.

DELEGATION OF POWER-MUNICIPAL, QUASI-MUNICIPAL AND

SUBORDINATE AGENCIES.

§ 185. Delegation to Municipalities § 193. Dock Department no Power

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187. To What Extent Franchise

Granted by State Is Sub-

ject to Municipal Consent

for Exercise Power to

"Prevent" Distinguished

from Power to "Regu-

late"-Consent to Use of

Streets, etc.

188. Delegation to Municipal or

City Council-Street Rail-

ways-Extent of Power of

City Council.

189. Right to Amend Municipal

Charter, as to Grant of

Franchise, not a Delega-

tion of Legislative Power

to People.

190. Delegation to Board of Rapid

Transit Railroad Commis-

sioners Subways - City

Ownership and Obligations

-Change of Construction

Plans.

191. Power of Electrical Commis-

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cials, Subway Construc- § 202. Delegation of Power by Mu-

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§ 204. Interpretation or Construc-

tion-Generally.

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History-Debates and Pro-

ceedings in Convention.

Intent Ef- § 217. Contemporaneous Construc-

tion Continued - Legisla-

fect Given to Every Part-

Ordinary Signification of

Words-Grammatical Con-

struction.

206. Context-Ordinary and Tech-

nical Meaning of Words-

Phrase or Word in Differ-

ent Parts of Instrument.

207. Plain Language of Constitu-

tion Cannot Be Ignored-

Repugnant Provisions.

208. Meaning of Constitution as

Understood by Its Framers

-Construction.

209. Strict Construction.

210. Implied Matters a Part of

Constitution.

211. Punctuation.

212. Interpretation in View of

Common Law.

213. Constitutional Prohibitions-

Proviso-Exception from

General Words.

214. Partially Invalid Provisions.

215. Construction Prospective

-Retrospective.

216. Contemporaneous Construc-

tion-Extrinsic Matters-

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CHAPTER XVI.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-INTERPRETATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF

STATUTES.

§ 228. Constitutional Law-Inter- § 229. Judicial Authority and Duty

pretation or Construction

of Statutes-Generally.

to Determine Constitu-

tional Questions.

§ 230. Validity of Statutes-Gener-

ally.

Constitutional

ments.

Require-

231. Presumption That Legislative § 246. Title of Acts Which Amend,

Enactment Constitutional

-

Revive or Repeal.

Repugnancy Must 247. Title to Statutes-Instances

Clearly Appear.

232. Same Subject-Exception to

or Qualification of Rule.

233. Conflicting Provisions-Vali-

dating Interpretation or

Construction - Two Con-

structions.

234. Partial Invalidity.

235. Same Subject-Instances.

236. Intent-Effect to Be Given

to Every Part.

237. Plain and Manifest Intention.

238. Natural and Reasonable Ef-

fect and Construction-Or-

dinary or Popular Meaning

-Absurdity or Injustice.

239. Literal Meaning — Intention

and Letter of Statute.

240. General and Specific Words or

Clauses-General Legisla-

tion.

241. Construction of Special Words

and Clauses in Grants of

Franchises or Privileges to

Street Railway, Railroad

and Electric Light, etc.,

Companies.

242. Construction as to Conflict-

ing Railroad Grants-Un-

divided Moiety.

243. Matters Incorporated by Ref-

erence.

244. Title of Statute.

245. Same Subject Continued-

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248. Punctuation.

249. Order of Arrangement —

Transposition Alteration

-Omissions-Rejections.

250. Construction of Proviso or

Exception.

251. Liberal Construction-Mean-

ing Extended - Implica-

tion.

252. Strict Construction.

253. Common Law-Statutes in

Derogation of.

254. Public Grants of Franchises,

Privileges, etc.-Construc-

tion Against Grantee.

255. Same Subject Continued

Instances Railroads

Street Railroads-Subma-

rine Railway-Gas, Tele-

phone, Canal, Water and

Turnpike Companies

Ferry-Eminent Domain.

256. Same Subject Instances

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CHAPTER XVII.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-INTERPRETATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF

STATUTES CONTINUED.

§ 257. Grant of Exclusive Fran- § 258. Separate Grants of Franchises

chises, Rights or Privileges

-Rule of Construction.

-Strict Construction.

259. Settled Judicial Construction.

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CHAPTER XVIII.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW-FEDERAL CONSTITUTION.

§ 289. Constitution

--

Grant and 293. Same Subject

Limitation on Powers of

Governments-Express

and Implied Powers-Con-

struction.

290. Same Subject Continued.

291. Privileges and Immunities of

Citizens in the Several

States.

292. Same Subject Continued

Discrimination-Tax Law

-Deduction of Debts-

Creditors in Different

States.

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Statutes of Limitations.

294. The Fourteenth Amendment

-Generally.

295. Same Subject-Police Power.

296. Privileges and Immunities

of Citizens of the United

States.

297. Due Process of Law.

298. Same Subject Continued.

299. Same Subject Continued.

300. Equal Protection of the

Laws.

CHAPTER XIX.

OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS.

§ 301. Impairment of Obligation of § 308. Charter Powers not Contem-

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