70. Lowell's Friendships in his Verse.

See poems addressed to various persons. For his relations to these men, consult Life and Letters.

71. Lowell's The Biglow Papers, First Series.

General plan; use of dialect; special purpose of each paper. Use in connection with The Present Crisis.

72. Lowell's The Biglow Papers, Second Series.

Compare with First Series: note change in poet's feeling; how expressed? Purpose of each paper. Use in connection with Civil War poems and Commemoration Ode.

73. Lowell's A Fable for Critics.

Character of criticism; persons criticised. Consult Life and Letters.

74. Lowell's Books and Libraries and Emerson's Books.

A comparison of the thoughts and the advice of the two men.

75. Lowell's Prose Abraham Lincoln and Stanza VI of the Commemoration Ode.

Use in connection with the study of the Ode.

76. Holmes's Friendships in his Verse.

See his poems addressed to various persons. Consult biographies for his relations to these persons.、

77. Holmes's Best Occasional Poems.

Speak especially of those written for reunions of the Class of '29, and particularly of The Old Man Dreams, The Boys, The Last Survivor, After the Curfew; also poems for "The Saturday Club; " The Iron Gate; and poems written to be read at banquets, etc. Consult biographies of Holmes. Compare Holmes's later class poems with Longfellow's Morituri Salutamus. Discover characteristics of good occasional poems.

78. The Wit and Wisdom of the Autocrat of the Breakfast-table.

79. Across the Sea with Bayard Taylor. Poems of travel; books of travel.

80. Our Great Historians.

Prescott, Motley, Bancroft, Parkman, Sparks.

81. American Orators Since the Civil War.

The text-book in American literature should furnish the names.

82. The Concord Group of Authors.

Minor men as well as famous men. The place; the life; the spirit.

83. Brook Farm.

Use accessible books telling of life and residents. Biographies and letters of men connected with the community. Speak of Hawthorne's The Blithedale Romance.

84. The Cambridge Group of Authors and Scholars.

Consult Matthew Arnold's essay, "The Function of Criticism at the Present Time," for his theory concerning the need of an "atmosphere of ideas" before great creative work can be done. Picture the intellectual life of Cambridge as a background and environment for the work of Longfellow, Holmes, and Lowell. Great educators and men of letters are important. Relation between Cambridge and Concord.

85. Houses Famous in American Literature. Biographies, histories of literature, pictures.

86. The Personality of the Poet as Revealed by his Poetry.

Choose some poet (or prose writer), and discuss his personality as revealed by his works: his logical power, imagination, emotional force, interest in social and national affairs.

87. A Conversation with a Great Writer.

Report an imaginary conversation that some American writer might hold with you, or with some other person. Setting, subject, opinions, style, manner, etc., must be true to the author's personality as you find it revealed in his works.

88. A Scientist among the Poets.

See Longfellow's Three Friends of Mine, Noël, The Fiftieth Birthday of Agassiz, Lowell's Agassiz, Whittier's The Prayer of Agassiz, Holmes' Farewell to Agassiz, At the Saturday Club, and Parsons' Agassiz.

89. American History in American Literature.
1. Irving on the Colonial Period.

2. The Colonial Stories of Hawthorne.
3. The Colonial Poems of Longfellow.

4. The Colonial Poems of Whittier.

5. The Revolutionary Period.

6. The Anti-slavery Struggle (see particularly Lowell, Whittier, and Longfellow).

7. The Civil War.

90. Short stories by the following writers are particularly worthy of study. Some of them are valuable for their "local color," i. e., they show the peculiarities of life in the localities which form their setting.

Edward Everett Hale, Bret Harte, S. L. Clemens, ("Mark Twain "), H. C. Bunner, T. B. Aldrich, Sarah Orne Jewett, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, Mary E. Murfree ("Charles Egbert Craddock"), George W. Cable, Hamlin Garland, William S. Porter (“O. Henry”), Margaret Deland, Joel Chandler Harris, Thomas Nelson Page, W. D. Howells, Henry James, Jr., Myra Kelly.

II. AN ABSTRACT OF FORMAN'S GREATER LOVE *

This story, written by Justus Miles Forman and published in Harper's Magazine, April, 1908, is referred to in the study of Emerson's Heroism.

Copley Kent, a rising lawyer, and his fiancée, Miss Eversleigh, were walking together on the street when a wretched beggar approached, asking alms. Kent refused from principle to give him money. Miss Eversleigh agreed that, as a matter of reason, one should not encourage beggars, but would have been better pleased if Kent had given from pity. A few minutes later the beggar tried to cross the street, and fell in the path of a run-away team. Miss Eversleigh urged Kent to go to his assistance, but Kent remained on the pavement. At the last moment Jimmie Rogers leaped from an automobile, and rescued the beggar. Kent saw that both Rogers and Miss Eversleigh had lost esteem for him,

*Condensed from Harper's Magazine. Copyright, 1908, by Harper and Brother. Used by permission.

and discussed the affair with them both. They agreed with him that his life was worth more to society than that of the wretched beggar, and that the truly altruistic attitude was the one which he had taken. But Rogers explained frankly, at Kent's urgent request, that a man of the best breeding and finest intuitions would have felt that he should have risked his life for the beggar, whatever reason told him. Kent became thoroughly unhappy about the affair. One day a message called Rogers to the hospital, where he found Kent dying from injuries he had sustained in trying vainly to save the life of a poor child, who had strayed into the middle of the street. Rogers left the bedside of his dead friend with the words, "I am going to break somebody's heart. I am going to take the news to the girl who helped me kill him."" "He went out of the room, faltering in his steps, his hands pressed over his face."

Throughout the story the reader has supposed the author to be in full sympathy with Rogers and Miss Eversleigh, but the last words leave him in doubt; the author does not seem to decide the question. Should one follow the dictates of reason in such matters, or be governed by a feeling that reason condemns as quixotic? When one gives up what reason tells him is a broader life for himself and a greater good for society to do something which seems of doubtful advantage to any one and disastrous for himself, does he lay down his life to find it again"?

III. ADDISON: THOUGHTS IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY When I am in a serious humor, I very often walk by myself in Westminster Abbey; where the gloominess of the place, and the use to which it is applied, with the solemnity of the building, and the condition of the people who lie in it, are apt to fill the mind with a kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable. I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the churchyard, the cloisters, and the church, amusing myself with the tombstones and inscriptions which I met with in those several regions of the dead. Most of them recorded nothing else of the buried person, but that he was born upon one day, and died upon another: the

whole history of his life being comprehended in those two circumstances, that are common to all mankind. I could not but look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass or marble, as a kind of satire upon the departed persons; who had left no other memorial of them but that they were born and that they died. They put me in mind of several persons mentioned in the battles of heroic poems, who have sounding names given them, for no other reason but that they may be killed, and are celebrated for nothing but being knocked on the head. The life of these men is finely described in holy writ by "the path of an arrow," which is immediately closed up and lost.

Upon my going into the church, I entertained myself with the digging of a grave; and saw in every shovelful of it that was thrown up, the fragment of a bone or skull intermixed with a kind of fresh mouldering earth, that some time or other had a place in the composition of a human body. Upon this I began to consider with myself what innumerable multitudes of people lay confused together under the pavement of that ancient cathedral; how men and women, friends and enemies, priests and soldiers, monks and prebendaries, were crumbled amongst one another, and blended together in the same common mass; how beauty, strength, and youth, with old age, weakness, and deformity, lay undistinguished in the same promiscuous heap of matter.

After having thus surveyed this great magazine of mortality, as it were, in the lump, I examined it more particularly by the accounts which I found on several of the monuments which are raised in every quarter of that ancient fabric. Some of them were covered with such extravagant epitaphs, that, if it were possible for the dead person to be acquainted with them, he would blush at the praises which his friends have bestowed upon him. There are others so excessively modest, that they deliver the character of the person departed in Greek or Hebrew, and by that means are not understood once in a twelvemonth. In the poetical quarter, I found there were poets who had no monuments, and monuments which had no poets. I observed, indeed, that the present war had filled the church