possible to respect one's self and to make no sacrifice for one's fellowmen. In coming closer to one another to help those who need help, we shall make ourselves more capable of seeing and confessing the truth which the life and work and words of Christ reveal

What is true of us as individual men and women applies with equal force to our national life. The ends to which as a people we are called to devote ourselves are religion, education, justice, and charity. If we fail in this, wealth and numbers and the conquest of distant lands will have no power to save us from ruin and shame. Nothing but a civilization resting on a basis of righteousness and morality can make popular government permanent. If we are to look, not to the triumphs of the moment, but to lasting results, for which the whole world shall be grateful, we must trust to the largest thought and the purest love; for, so surely as God is, so surely are they destined to prevail. Tyranny is the foe of liberty, greed of justice, brute force of mercy and goodness; and wars, which spring from the barbarous passion for conquest, from covetousness, from the savage's delight in victory won by cunning and physical strength, pervert judgment, destroy right feeling, and foster the vices which weaken, harden, and blind the people and lead the way to destruction. Unless we remain sensitive to moral distinctions, unless we prefer justice and mercy to dominion over the kingdoms of the earth, we shall enter the open ways along which the republics and empires of the past have rushed to shame and destruction. If, then, we love America, if we believe in the brotherhood of mankind, in equal opportunity and freedom for all of God's children, let us turn from dehumanizing greed, from vain-glory and pride, to follow after truth and justice and love.

III.

Reports from States.

ALABAMA.

JULIA S. TUTWILER, LIVINGSTON, STATE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

The legislature of Alabama meets only biennially. Consequently there has been since our last report no law enacted affecting the status of our criminal population. There has been a constitutional convention, and a new constitution has been framed; but, as all measures concerning our criminality are statutory, and not constitutional, the new constitution makes no changes in this respect. So perhaps my report may be likened to that memorable chapter in the History of Ireland, on "Snakes": "There are no snakes at all on the island."

However, there are many serpents still in our state, although nothing new has been done to banish them during this past year. The same beneficent institutions which we have before reported are still at work. Our Reformatory for White Boys at East Lake has 50 inmates, and continues to accomplish great good. The state institutions for the insane, the deaf-mutes, and the blind, are kept as state institutions should be. Our prison house and county jails are a disgrace to civilization. We have still no reformatory for colored children; and they are, as heretofore, herded with adult criminals. "How long, O Lord, how long?"

An Old Ladies' Home has been recently established in Mobile. It is intended for those who feel most keenly the brunt of poverty, because their past lives have been made comfortable by competence. The building and grounds have been entirely paid for.

ALASKA.

SHELDON JACKSON, WASHINGTON, D.C., CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. Alaska, as in the past, is without organization. We have no legislature, no representative in Congress, no civil divisions such as

townships and counties, are without roads and public conveyances, with the larger settlements oftentimes hundreds of miles from each other.

Criminals confined and sentenced for a longer time than one year are sent to the government prison on McNeil's Island, near Steilacoom, Wash. Those sentenced for a less period are kept in the various district jails, the principal one of which is at Sitka, where there are about 55 prisoners.

The insane (white men) are taken to the Insane Asylum of Oregon by an arrangement between the authorities of that institution and the Secretary of the Interior. 9 persons have been sent there to date, I of whom has died and 1 discharged as cured.

In the care of destitute orphan children, nothing has been done by the government, but considerable is being done by the following religious denominations: the Swedish Evangelical Union, the Norwegian Lutheran Synod, the Episcopalian, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Moravian, and Friends, all of which have established homes where native orphan children are taken, fed, clothed, taught, trained, and cared for.

CALIFORNIA.

MISS KATHERINE C. FELTON, SAN FRANCISCO, STATE CORRESPONDING

SECRETARY.

There has been no session of the legislature this year, and, of course, no new laws enacted. The policy of the governor of the state has been one of rigid economy with regard to all state institutions. Dr. A. E. Osborne, the efficient head of the State Home for the Feeble-minded, was deposed by the governor; and it was the general feeling that the action was governed purely by political reasons. The loss of Dr. Osborne was a serious one to the home, to which his intelligent devotion and energy had been of inestimable benefit.

The second annual session of the State Conference of Charities and Correction was held in San Francisco in February last. Dr. Samuel G. Smith, of Minnesota, and Mrs. Martha P. Falconer, of Chicago, were the guests and principal speakers of the occasion. A very strong legislative committee, representing all sections of the

state, was appointed by the conference; and this committee will have especial charge of the preparation of bills for introduction during the session of the legislature next winter. The most important measure will be one for an advisory state board of charities and one for the establishment of a juvenile court.

In San Francisco there has been inaugurated this spring a movement designed to eliminate fraudulent and ineffective enterprises and organizations soliciting money from the public in the name of charity. The movement had its origin with the Merchants' Association of the city, which had been for some time considering the question of how to control in a measure the distribution of the large sum of money given by them for benevolent purposes. As a result, a representative body has been appointed by the Merchants' Association and the Associated Charities jointly, known as the Charities Indorsement Committee of San Francisco. This committee receives applications from those charitable organizations desiring its indorsement; and if, on investigation, they are found to come up to the standard set, a card bearing the desired indorsement for a specified length of time and for a definite sum of money is issued to the applying society. Some five hundred firms, members of the Merchants' Association, have agreed to the general policy of giving no contributions to solicitors for any organization not bearing this card. The investigations of the societies applying for indorsement are conducted by the office force of the Associated Charities. The committee, after a careful study of the facts and evidence, gives or withholds the indorsement according to its judgment.

COLORADO.

C. L. STONAKER, DENVER, STATE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. The Colorado legislature meets biennially, the next session opening in January, 1903.

ence.

Associated charity organizations have been established during the year in Greeley, Victor, Cañon City, Fort Collins, Boulder, and FlorAs a result of the recent state conference held in Cripple Creek, preliminary steps have been taken to establish an associated. charities society to cover the entire district, having a population of about 40,000 people.

Private charitable organizations have been formed during the year as follows: the Denver Emergency Hospital Association; the Denver Day Nursery; the Denver Maternity Hospital; the Sacred Heart Orphanage by the Sisters of St. Francis, in Pueblo; the Cherry-tree Home Orphanage, upon the Salvation Army farm colony at Amity, Prowers County.

The Denver Maternity Hospital Association includes in its purposes the care of women and treatment of their diseases; but assistance is given to worthy poor and instruction regarding the care of young children, domestic hygiene, and sanitation. A training school for nurses is to be included in the work.

The question of the treatment of tuberculosis and the care of patients suffering with this disease is continually agitated in this state; and small sanatoriums are being established at different points, one of the most interesting of which is a ranch sanatorium near Colorado Springs.

An interesting phase of work in this state at this time is the strong effort that is making in the larger communities regarding truancy and the treatment of juvenile delinquents under arrest. The judges of the county courts have adopted the general policy of probation to all first offenders, requiring weekly, semi-weekly, or monthly reports in person, accompanied by parents, and a showing from the public school-teachers of regular attendance at school. Truant officers are employed in nearly all our large cities, who work in conjunction with the judges; and a personal consideration is given to each case. The result so far shows an increased and improved public sentiment, with remarkable percentages in public school attendance.

The state penitentiary at Cañon City has at present a population of 580. The prisoners are sentenced under the indeterminate sentence plan, carrying maximum and minimum terms fixed by the court in each case. Paroles are granted upon completion of the minimum term under rules and regulations adopted by the governor, who signs all paroles. The result of two years' trial of the indeterminate sentence plan with parole has proved very satisfactory, and here is little opposition to this method by the public or the courts. In fact, a number of the courts are going further, and are suspending sentences without authority of law; but in such cases the courts are upheld by public sentiment.

The State Reformatory at Buena Vista has an average population