ANORTHITE [p. 234].-Analysis of anorthite from I. St. Eustache, by Deville, (Ann. Ch. Phys. [3], xl, 286 and Lieb. u. Kopp., 1854, 832); specific gravity 2·73: Na 101004 / Al 350 Ca 17-7 Mg 0.9 Si 45.8 APATITE [p. 396].-Kokscharov, in Min. Russl., ii, 39, (1854), adds the new planes and 3. He figures many new crystals. From his measurements of crystals from the Ural Emerald mine, 0:1 = 139° 41' 37'', the same as from Ehrenfriedersdorf crystals: for crystals from Achmatowsk 0:1=139° 53' 39', same as for the Lake Laach crystals. The Spanish apatite affords 139° 47′. = Analyses: 1. Yellow apatite from Miask, by G. von Rath, (Pogg., xevi, 331); 2, from the Siegengebirge, R. Bluhme (Verh. nat. Ver., Bonn, 1855, 111, and Ann. d. Ch. u. Pharm., xciv, 354): 1. 2. P Ča Ca Fe ΔΙ Mg C Si Ü loss 3.28 0.17 3.97 100 2.70 2.20 3'50 1.65 1.84 100 In analysis 1, as 3·87 Ca require 3.62 fluorine, the loss is probably all fluorine excepting 0.35 p. c. ARAGONITE [p. 448].-An Aragonite in columnar crystallization of unknown locality, containing fluorine, afforded G. Jenzsch, (Pogg., xcvi, 145): Ĉa C 91.17 Śr C Mg C KC Na C Ca Fl Ca Ca S Ĥ 1.24 0.86 2:26=100-76 Color snow-white. G. 2830. Fluor was detected in the Aragonite of Volterra, etc. AUGITE, see Pyroxene. AURICHALCITE [p. 460].-Loc. in Lancaster, Pa., W. J. Taylor, Am. J. Sci., xx, 412. AZURITE [p. 459].-Analysis of Azurite from Phoenixville, Pa., J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sci., xx, 250. BABINGTONITE [p. 178].-Babingtonite is brought by Dauber into close connection with the Paisbergite (Pogg., xeiv, 402). From an examination of 82 crystals, he arrives at the angles ab=112° 12', ac=92° 32', bc=87° 24'. Referred to the form of Augite (see figure under Paisbergite) these angles are 0 : l'=112° 12', 0 : I= 92° 32', I: I'=87° 24'. Cleavage parallel to c (1), less so parallel to b (ĺ'). BARYTES [p. 366].-Crystallographic structure of crystals as ascertained by erosion with acid, Leydolt, Acad. Wiss. Wien, May, 1855. BERYL [p. 178].-Many figures of Russian crystals by Kokscharov, Min. Russl., 1854, p. 147. One crystal affords the plane 1212. Specific gravity of transparent crystals from Mursinka, yellow, 2694; ib. greenish-yellow, 2683; ib. greenishyellow, 2681: from Schaitanka, colorless, 2·694, 2 695; pale rose-red, 2-725; applegreen, 2710: from Adun-Tschilon, bluish-green, 2-677: from Urulga, green, 2-702. 0:1=150° 3' 24". The Emeral of the Ural afforded A. B. Kammerer, sp. gr. =2710-2759; 2742, a mean of the best results. BITUMEN [p. 469]-Locality in California, W. P. Blake, Am. J. Sci. [2], xix, 433, XX, 84. Pitch lake of Trinidad, N. S. Manross, Am. J. Sci. [2], xx, 153. BLENDE [p. 49].-Analysis; from Phenixville, Pa., J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sci., xx, 250. BORACITE [p. 393]-The massive boracite of Stassfurth, which occurs in large or small masses, of a pure snow-white color, dissolves easily in dilute muriatic, nitric, or sulphuric acid, and in concentrated hydrofluoric acid, without heat, unlike the Boracite of Lüneburg and Segeberg. When pulverized the particles show electric polarity like those of the crystallized Boracite, (G. H. O. Volger, Mon. d. Borazites, 1855, p. 68). BRONGNIARDITE [p. 76].-Damour states (Ann. d. Mines [5], vi, 146) that a specimen of this mineral from Bolivia (the original locality) contains cavities in which it is crystallized in regular octahedrons with replaced edges. Damour observes that the species is thus related to Dufrenoysite, which has the same crystallization and a similar formula. The formula of Brongniardite is (Pb, Ag) S+Sb2S3, and Dufrenoysite PbS+As2S3. BROOKITE [p. 123].-Sp. gr., according to Romanowsky, of transparent crystals from the Urals, 4-21-4-23; of untransparent, 415-4-16; of pulverized mineral, 4-20. Analysis Ti 94-31, Fe 3-28, ign. 131-98 90. (Kokscharov's Min. Russl., ii, 79.) BRUCITE [p. 133].-Loc. in Russia, Kokscharov, Min. Russl., ii, 111. BURATITE, see Aurichalcite. BYTOWNITE [p. 237].-Note on Bytownite, by T. S. Hunt, Am. J. Sci. [2], xix, 429. CALAMINE [p. 313]-Dauber (Pogg., xcii, 245) adds the planes, 3, 3-3, 3-4, from crystals from Altenberg; and gives for 0:1-148° 34'; 0:1-154° 31'. Loc. at Phoenixville, Pa., J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sci. [2], xx, 250. CALCITE [p. 435].-Singular crystallization of Calcite from Phoenixville, Pa., Am. J. Sci., xx, 251. A new twin of Calcite, Kenngott, Min. Not., No. 17. Calcite associated with the red zinc ore of New Jersey, gave Jenzsch (Pogg. xevi, 147): It is white, and has the Zinc ore and Franklinite disseminated through it. G.=2.788; or in grains, carefully separated from impurities, 2-810-2-817. Cleavage angle 104° 57. Jenzsch has found fluor also in Calcite from Brientz, white cleavable from Freiberg (Himmelsfurst mine), Andreasberg (Abendrothe mine), Kupferberg in Silesia, Adelsberg cave, scalenohedrons from Junge Hohe Birke mine near Freiberg, white from Sala in Sweden, flesh-red from Arendal, wine-yellow from Sangerhausen, CALOMEL [p. 89]-New planes on crystals from Moschellandsberg, observed by F. Hessenberg (Lieb. u. Kopp, 1854, 869), as follows, 1, 2, -, -2, 2-2, 2-3. 0:1-∞ (li)=129° 40′; 0 : 2-∞ (2i)=112° 35'.—[ In the Mineralogy, 0:1i=112° 5′ should read 0:2i-112° 5'.-D.] CANCRINITE [p. 233].—Analysis of the Cancrinite of Miask (Kokscharov's Min. Russl, ii, 77): CLINOCHLORE [p. 293].-The clinochlore of Pennsylvania has been examined carefully by M. Senarmont (Ann. d. Mines, [5], vi, 568), who confirms the results of Mr. Blake. On examining a hexagonal crystalline plate, the plane of the optic axes was found to be parallel to one side of the hexagon, and consequently to the principal section of the oblique prism. The two optical axes, which are very divergent, have this divergence increased by heat, and the inclination to the plane of cleavage: moreover the system of rings the most inclined to this plane passes out of the field of the microscope, while the other remains sensibly immoveable. The "clinochlore” of Achmatowsk and Schwarzenstein do not act at all like that of Pennsylvania; an oval system of rings is seen elongated in the direction of the shorter diagonal, and hence the two optic axes are but little inclined to one another; the divergence, if there be any, is too slight to be determined; moreover heat has no effect on it. The Pennine of Zermatt and Ala acts in general like crystals of the hexagonal system. On Clinochlore of Achmatowsk in the Urals, Kokscharov, Min. Russl., ii, 7, and Am. J. Sci., [2], xix, 176. CERUSITE [p. 452].-Loc. Phoenixville, Pa., J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sci., xx, 245. CHABAZITE [p. 319).—Glottalite has been referred to Chabazite by R. P. Greg, Jr., Phil. Mag. [4], x, 118. CHALCOPYRITE [p. 68].—Analysis; from Phoenixville, Pa., J. L. Smith, Am. J. Sci., [2], xx, 249.-Loc. in California, Am. J. Sci. [2], xx, 81. CHONDRODITE [p. 186].-Transparent crystals of Chondrodite from limestone at Pargas have been measured by Ñ. A. E. Nordenskiöld (Pogg., xcvi, 118). The form is a right prism but hemihedral so as to have a monoclinic aspect, as with the chondrodite of Orange Co. The planes given for the common form are I, ii, iì, ì, lì, † †, 1*; I: I=114° 37', &:1=136°1, &:]=109°3, I: &h=159° 14, I:1 156° 17'. The axes, a (vertical): b: c=1·0361: 1:0·6417. 3 5 [The author cites the figure by the writer as given in the third edition of his mineralogy, but has not seen his later views in his fourth edition, and in this Journal, vol. xiv, p. 175, 1852. By changing the position of the crystal, making e the vertical axis, it then corresponds very closely with Scacchi's second type of Humite. The lettering of the crystal above given, Ï, iì, îì, Fì, lì, becomes (see Min., p. 187), 11, ii, O, 21, fi. Chondrodite, Nordenskiöld. 1:1114° 37' 0:109° 3' Humite, Type II, Scacchi. 115° 6' 135° 52' 108° 58' These angles fix the dimensions of the crystals. The agreement is much nearer than between either two of the three types of Humite.-J. D. D.] CHROMIC IRON (p. 106].-Loc. in California, Am. J. Sci., [2], xx, 82. CHRYSOCOLLA [p. 309].-Analysis of a Chilian specimen by J. L. Smith (Gilliss's Exped., ii, 92): Si 31-35, Ču 42-51, 21-62, Fe 1-97, Al 2·83-100-28; formula nearly Cu3 Si2+6H. CHRYSOLITE [p. 184].-Analysis of a wine-yellow chrysolite from the Eiffel by Th. Kjerulf (Nyt. Mag., viii, 173, and J. f. pr. Chem., lxv, 187): Si 42-21, Mg 49-29, Fe 8-91, Al 0-18 Er 0·004, ign. 0.12=100-72. CINNABAR [p. 481.-Mine in California, Am. J. Sci. [2], xx, 80. COAL [p. 26].-Analysis of mineral charcoal, by T. H. Rowney, (Edinb. N. Phil. J. [2], ii, 141 (each a mean of two analyses): The hard coals associated with the last two charcoals consist of The charcoals differ from the hard coals but slightly in composition, and Mr. Rowney prefers the name Fibrous Anthracite, used by Prof. Bischoff, to that of Mineral charcoal. COLUMBITE [p. 353].-The metallic acids of the Columbite of Middletown, according to Hermann (J. f. pr. Chem., lxv, 74), consist, in 100 parts, of Columbic (niobic) acid 58:44 parts, Ilmenous acid Il2 03 18.26, Ilmenic acid 11 23:30. The whole composition according to Hermann is— and affords him the formula 3R (Eo, Il)+2R II. The atomic weight of Ilmenium is stated to be 2042-0, and that of Columbium (niobium) 2230-14. Formula deduced Ro2+3R Co. Samarskite has the formula 3R2 II+ 4R Il, consisting of— 285 33-25 23:11 0.50 1:20 8.87 16.63 13.29 Eschynite has the formula 2R I1 + €e Ti3, containing ign. Yttroilmenite contains Il and Il 57-81, Ti 5·90, y 18-30, Fe 1361, Mn 031, Ĉa 0-50, Ù 1-87, Ĉe and La 2-27=100'57. Pyrochlore (the Fluopyrochlore of Miask) contains 11 46-25, Îl 14·58, Ti 4·90 Ce, La 15-23, Y 0-94, Fe 2.23, Ca 9.80, Mg 1·46, K 0·54, Na 2·69, Fl 2.21 = 100-83, corresponding to RI1+R2 (Ï 1, Ti) +221 p. c. Fl. [The existence of Ilmenium is yet in dispute.] COPPER AND COPPER ORES.-In California, Am. J. Sci. [2], xx, 81.-Chili, J. L. Smith, Gilliss's Exped. ii, 88. CORUNDUM [p. 111.]-0:1, according to measurement by Kokscharov, equals 122° 25' (Min. Russl., ii, 80). CRYOLITE [p. 97].-M. Leydolt has investigated the molecular structure of crystals of anhydrite and cryolite, and he shows that cryolite is identical with anhydrite in form, cleavage, color, lustre, hardness and specific gravity, and differs only in the facility of cleavage and in chemical composition.—Akad. Wiss., Wien, April, 1855. DANBURITE (p. 212].-The analyses of Danburite, by Smith and Brush (this Journal, xvi, 365,) are questioned without good reason by Kenngott in his Min. Forsch. for 1853, p. 106. DATHOLITE [p. 334].-The crystallization of Datholite has been carefully studied by F. H. Schröder, in order to ascertain whether the prism is right as stated by Brooke and Miller and Hess, or oblique. He makes it slightly oblique, though still leaving it in doubt, the inclination obtained being 90° 6'; he gives O: 27 [see Min., p. 334] 135° 11′, 0 : 1 = 153° 34'.--Pogg. Ann., xciv, 235. DOLOMITE [p. 441].-Coral rock of Matea afforded T. S. Hunt, Ĉa Ĉ 60·50, Mg Ö 38-77, Si, etc., 0-3099-57.—Am. J. Sci., [2], xix, 429. Analyses of compact magnesian limestone of Missouri, by Dr. Litton (Rep. Geol. Missouri, 1855): Mg C Al, Fe Insol. or Si 1. Chouteau Springs, 2. Atkisson's Well, The same report contains analyses also of Missouri limestones not magnesian. DUFRENOYSITE [p. 77).-J. C. Heusser observes in Pogg., xciv, 334, that the mineral named Scleroclase by von Waltershausen [see preceding Suppl., this Journ., vol. xix, p. 355], should retain the name Dufrenoysite, given it by Damour, and that the species called Arsenomelan by him, has for some time borne the name Binnite, being so called in Krantz's Catalogue. EPIDOTE [p. 206].-Analysis by Scheerer (Pogg., xcv, 501): These analyses give Scheerer for the mean oxygen ratio, for H, R, R, Si, 2-02: 6·66: 15-28: 19-73. Scheerer, in accordance with his hypothesis, supposes 3 to replace 2Si, and 3H replace 1Ř, and thus arrives at the ratio for [Si]: (R), of 4:1. The oxygen ratio for Al and Fe in the epidote of Bourg d'Oisans, Arendal and Traversella is 2: 1; in that of Guttanen, 4: 1; that of Kaverdiras, 5:1; that of Lole, 6: 1. The Zoisite of the Saualpe in Carinthia, where it occurs in gneiss, contains zirconia according to an analysis by Kuleszna, in which he obtained Si 44.00, Al 30.97, Ča 17.76, Fe 4.92, Zr 2.00 99.67. The author observes that Klaproth's analyses are erroneous. EUCLASE [p. 267].-Mean of four analyses by M. A. Damour (Comptes Rend., xl, 944): Si ΑΙ Be Ĉa Fe Sn 立 FI 41.63 34-07 16:97 0.14 1.03 0.34 6:04 0.38 100.60 Oxygen, 21-61 15.92 10.73 [The oxygen ratio between the bases and the silica is between 5:4 and 4: 3. With the latter, the formula is (Be+1) Si*+, or 2BeSi1+3Al Si2+II, differing from the analyses of Mallet and Berzelius in containing the Be and Al in the ratio of 2 to 3 instead of 1: 1, and also in the water as well as fluorine.-D.] EUKAMPTITE, Kenngott (Min. Forsch. for 1853, 58).—Thin foliated or micaceous and resembling chlorite, occurring in granite near Pressburg, Hungary. Very thin plates brown to hyacinth-red or reddish-yellow. Streak grayish-green to brownishgreen. G. 273. H. a little above 2. Not magnetic. In the flame of a spirit lamp, becomes pinchbeck-brown, to white, semi-metallic and opaque. In a tube exfoliates and yields water. BB. blackens; thin leaves fuse on the edges to a magnetic globule. With borax fuses easily; with salt of phosphorus difficultly, yielding a silica skeleton; with soda swells up and shows a manganese reaction. Analysis by v. Hauer: The name alludes to the softness and flexibility of the mineral. [Excluding the water, the composition conforms to the general formula of Biotite (R+R) Si, or R Si+ Si.-J. D. d.] ENSTATITE, Kenngott (Min. Not., No. 17).-Augitic in crystallization, although having some resemblance to Scapolite. I: I=87°. Cleavage parallel to I distinct, and having a pearly lustre. Color grayish or yellowish-white. H. 55. G.-8.10 -313. BB. infusible, and to this the name alludes. No action with muriatic acid. According to von Hauer contains, Si 56-91, Al 2:50, Fe 276, Mg 35-44, H 1·92 (0·41 lost at 100° C.); and hence it is a bisilicate of Magnesia (Mg3Si2), as Wollastonite is a bisilicate of lime (Ca3 Si2). The augite group hence includes Wollastonite Ca3 Si2, Enstatite Mga Si2, Diopside (Ca, Mg)3 Si2, besides other related compounds, included under pyroxene. FELDSPAR [p. 234 to 2421.-On some feldspathic minerals from the Hypersthene rock of Canada, by T. S. Hunt, Phil. Mag., [4], ix, 354. The paper contains the following analyses, besides others contributed to the Mineralogy: |