PRINCIPAL WORDS. MAN. THE PARTS OF THE BODY, PROPERTIES OF THE SPIRIT, AND . Persian and English man, der Mensch; in Humanus Hu-man. One who behaves himself like a good man. Unmanlike, one who does not behave himself like a man; thus, stronger than in-humanus. COMMENT. We consider the word man as in some degree a crux etymologorum: and the professor has not escaped from the difficulty. Two suppositions have been made;-1st. That the root of ho-min is in the second syllable. 2d. That it is in the first, hom. No doubt the root m-n is found in almost all the languages. It occurs in many Sanskrit words, and seems always to mean the dividing, reasoning creature, &c. In this sense the very word man-aw-a," homo is found. Hence the proper names Menu, Menes, Minos, and the like, denoting lawgivers; hence also mens, and pen, the moon, with many others which the scholar may class for himself: and hence also Anglo-Saxon and English man. But if the root be in man, what is the ho? Certainly not what some ingenious gentlemen have sug gested, the Greek article. Another word however is found in Gothic, Old High Dutch, and Anglo-Saxon, running parallel with man; and that in Anglo-Saxon is guma, &c. Now not only does this exclude the n altogether, but it does more, it shows that the root is in gum, Latin hom, and in this sense it probably connects itself with Gothic Gaumjan; Anglo-Saxon, Gyman; observare, curare; with the Greek xap-as, and the Latin Hum-us, Hum-an-us, &c. Kero's comman has not the slightest right to the final n, the Old High Dutch word is komo,t which probably a little later softened into gomo; nor could this language ever make guma, which is probably Gothic, and certainly Anglo Saxon: yeoman is guma, which in its oblique cases takes n, but to make out either guma or yeoman to be equal to good man is idle in the extreme. We say then that guma and man are two distinct words, formed upon distinct roots, that Mensch belongs to the latter, and probably enough femina also; but that hum-an-us can have no possible connection with it. Hum-anus, homo, humus, Hence Scheller supposes that there was once the word manis. Femina. Fac-min-a. Anglo-Saxon, fämne; Old High Dutch, wif and wimman, from the ancient foeda, to produce, bear, nourish; Low Saxon, föden; Swedish, föa and föda; whence also are derived futter, vater, vieh, and on which account hunters call the female of all beasts of prey Fähe. Foemina is thus, a man that produces and nourishes. Mas and Masculinum and humilis may be connected, but wherever the m-t occurs in such words, the m belongs to the root, then to the formative syllable. The Old High Dutch wip, and Anglo-Saxon wif, wifman, New English woman, are the true words. Famine, like French femme, is the Latin word itself. The fe may con nect itself with Greek puw, puruw, Latin fu, in fui, &c. Sanskrit, bhu; Anglo-Saxon, beôn, to be; but that the min in the word is to be explained as the Professor suggests, the wise may make something more than a scruple. In Col. V. Kennedy's book we find the following words:-"Sanskrit, Manate; Greek, Mvaras; Latin, Monet; German Meinet; English, Meaneth.-Sanskrit, Manas; Greek, Menos; Latin, Mens; English, Mind.-Sanskrit, Mantram; Greek, Man-t-in.-Sanskrit, Maniam; Greek, Menin.-Sanskrit, Minate; Latin, Minuit.-Sanskrit, Manushia; German, Menschheit; English, Mankind.-Sanskrit, Manawa; German, Mann; English, Man.-Sanskrit, Mun-da; German, Mun-d; [Gothic, Munps: Anglo-Saxon, Mudh; English, Mouth]." To these we would add the words Movos, moneta, (money,) and Anglo-Saxon, manig, (many,) as equally classed under the same conception of division. Money would thus run nearly parallel to num-m-us, which also is formed upon a conception of division and consequent order, and to the Anglo-Saxon sceat, connecting itself with ex, &c. to divide. + Then enters in the oblique cases of this and a thousand other nouns, komin, hominis, but obviously must not be mixed up with the root. So Anglo-Saxon guman, hominis. PRINCIPAL WORDS. Körper; Isl. and Swed. Kropp and Krof; Old Gothic, Heafod and Haubip; Swed. Hoafed; Dan. Hoved; German, Haupt; Head. From Kamm, lifting up. Kammhaare, of the COMMENT. Note in this the fact, that sometimes the vowel of the root is See note on p. 389. Heafod is literally that part which is There is nothing here to make us retract the opinion which, Ohr; Swed. orat; Ulphil. auso. In Old Latin, We can as yet hardly say whether Gothic hausjan, New Oculus Oc auses for aurcs, hence audio; among us höre, High Dutch höre, is connected with auso, ohr, or not. from ohr. . Auge; Swed. ögat; Anglo-Saxon, eag; Ital. Ex-cac-are Ex-oec-are To put out the eye, deprive of the eye, Cœcus blind. The form. What one has in one's eye. The forehead in Old High Dutch was anti. (In Kero. andino.) Also forn-entigi, the forward end; foro-anti, contracted front; so the back is oftan-entigi; opan-enti, the pinnacle. . Zabn; Persian, dendan; Swedish, tand. The initial h is not a letter to be put in or out at pleasure. Etymologically speaking the roots are completely different. The Gothic augo, Anglo-Saxon eage, are strictly according So Old High Dutch oug, ouc. The question of derivatives and primitives we leave to the judgment of the reader. to the canon. We will not venture an opinion here; the professor is ingenious and bold. Whether he be right we leave to more learned inquirers.* This will not do. Here is another example of the mixing up Most likely the fr of frons formative syllables with root. is the br of Anglo-Saxon brâ, English brow, which will be found according to the canon in Sanskrit. Moreover, that Old High Dutch andi and andin, (n. gend.) and not anti, ought not to be confounded with Gothic andeis; AngloSaxon ende, (m. gend.) Foro-anti we are afraid is only to be found in the Professor's book. The English, tooth; Anglo-Saxon, tôdh; came by contraction. The Gothic was rightly Tunps. Bart derives from the ancient bar, a man, and In Old High Dutch, Part. But according to the Canon it denotes the peculiar property of man. Persian also the barber is called berber. In should be Gothic P, Old High Dutch F, (Ph). Now it is pretty certain that no words can be found in these languages with these letters at the beginning of the word: and it becomes a fair question whether the Latin word itself is really formed with B, and not with F. We since observe that in his Appendix he retracts this derivation to give another, not less suspicious; according to this, the word imaginj is imagung, from ahmen, nachahmen; Latin, imitor. Hence also sam, similis. But we subscribe just as little to this genealogy as to the other. PRINCIPAL WORDS. COMMENT. Hals; Persian, Halli; according to Stiernhelm, Greek, Latin, &c. k-l; Gothic, Anglo-Saxon, &c. h-l; defrom Halten. Achsel. Cic. Orat. 45. The contrary opinion note superposition. The truth of this appears when we take the old form of this Herz; English, heart; Zendav. ereze; Swedish, The s here is merely inserted that the Professor may make hjertat. Latin d-s German : no where else has he given us the |