land, with care, expedition, and fafety. Dated Auguft 2.

Ifaac Hadley Reddell, of Birmingham, aforefaid; for a method of making ftirrups. Dated Aug. 2. Thomas Gill, efq. of Birmingham, aforefaid; for a new method of rifling the bores or calibres of cannon, and of mutket, carbine, gun, and piftol barrels. Dated Auguft 2.

Ifaac Hadley Reddell, of Birmingham, aforefaid; for his newinvented method of conftructing travelling carriages, which are more fafe, and in many refpects more eligible, than thofe which are now in • common ufe. Dated Auguft 3.

John and James Robertfon, engineers, Glafgow; for their newinvented method of applying fteam in the working of fteam-engines, by which a great faving of fuel is obtained. Dated Auguft 13.

Robert Sutton, of Barton-uponHumber, Lincolnshire, clerk; for his new-invented fails for windmills, on an improved conftruction, whofe motion and power are regulated by gravitation. Dated Auguft 13.

Jofeph Egg, of Great Windmillftreet, Westminster, gun-maker; for his new-invented method of bending feel without the affiftance of heat, which may be applied to the manufacturing of furgical inftruments, and to a variety of other ufeful purposes. Dated Auguft 31. Benjamin Batley, of the parish of Streatham, Surry, merchant; for his new-invented method of curing and preferving herrings and fprats.Dated September 11.

James Hitchcock, of Kirby-ftreet, Hatton-garden, in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, gentleman; for his new-invented art or method of eltanging and converting fkins of

parchment and vellum into leather, and making fuch leather waterproof. Dated September 15.

Thomas Bowman, of New Bondftreet, in the parish of Saint George, Hanover-iquare, in the county of Middlefex, peruke-maker; for a new-invented method of making perukes or wigs, with faftenings made of a certain elaftic comprend fteel fpring or springs, and allo with other flat fprings or wires, made of fteel, for the clofer adhesion of the points and whiskers to the head and face. Dated October 21.

William Plenty, of the town of Southampton, carpenter; for his new-invented pump, and a plough upon an improved conftruction.Dated October 11.

Thomas Binns, of Great Barlowftreet, St. Mary-la-bonne, Middlefex, water-clofet-maker; for his new-invented method of applying heat for the purpose of melting and manufacturing animal fat, and a variety of other folid fubftances. Dated October 27.

Ifaac Hawkins, of Gloffop, Derby; for his new invention applicable to mutical inftruments; the principles of which are alfo defigned to be applied to other machinery. Dated Nov. 13.

David Mufhet, of the city of Glafgow, gentleman; for his newinvented procefies applicable to metallurgy, or the manufacturing of metal or metals, not only from their metallic ftate or ftates, to the completion of the various articles or utenfils ufually made of fuch metal or metals, but alfo, from the state of the ore into their metallic ftate or ftates, in bars, ingots, or otherwife. Dated Nov. 13.

James Potts, of Belford, Northumberland, clock and watch

maker :

maker; for his new-invented artificial leg and arm, upon a new or improved conftruction. Dated November 15.

John Turnbull, junior, of Cordale-Printfield, Dumbarton, North Britain, calico-printer; for his newinvented proceffes, or improvements of proceffes, and apparatus applicable to the bleaching or whitening, and to the purifying, wathing, and cleanfing, of cotton, flax, hemp, filk, and wool; and to the purifying of goods of every defcription made or manufactured of cotton, flax, hemp, filk, and wool. Dated November 15.

John White of the parish of St. Paul, Covent-garden, Middlefex, tin-plate-worker; and James Smethurft, of St. Margaret's Hill, Southwark, Surrey, tin-plate-worker; for a new-invented lamp and burner. Dated November 15.

Thomas Grylls, of Launceston, Cornwall; for his new-invented ftop-cock for barrels, and other veffels, which prevents the wafting of liquor. Dated Nov. 15.

Jofeph Sigmond, of Bath, Somerfet, furgeon-dentift; for his new-invented preservative lotion and dentifrice, which he calls the British Imperial Lotion and Dentifrice, for preferving and beautify ing the teeth and gums. Dated November 25.

Stephen Hooper, of Margate, in the Ile of Thanet, and county of Kent, gentleman; for his new-invented method, by means of certain machinery, of cleanfing and deepening dry harbours, rivers, creeks, &c. part of which machinery may be applied to other useful purpofes. Dated Dec. 4.

John Proffer, of Charing-crofs, Middlefex, fword-cutler; for a new VOL. XLII.

invented water-proof pan and hammer, for gun and piftol-locks; and alfo a breech for gun and piftolbarrels, for the purpose of a quicker and more forcible explofion of gunpowder. Dated Dec. 9.

William Playfair, of Great Brookftreet, Fitzroy-fquare, Middlefes, gentleman, and Nicholas le Farre, of Still-Organ, near Dublin, in Ireland, but now refiding in Georgeyard, Lombard-fireet, in the city of London, efq.; for their new-invented improvements in naval architecture, whereby all veffels of all burdens may be enabled to fail fafter than they now do, particuJarly in a heavy fea. Dated December 12.

Jofeph Eyre, of Sheffield, Yorkfhire, wood-turner; for a method or proccfs of impreffing the japan upon ornamented handles of knives, forks, razors, and other cutleryware, made-of wood, paper, &c. in imitation of handles made of tin or horn. Dated Dec. 13.

Martha Gibbon, of King-ftreet, Covent-garden, Middlefex, drefsmaker; for a new-invented stay for women and others. Dated December 17.

Chefter Gould, late of Rome, in the county of Oneida, in the state of New York, but now of RedLion-ftreet, Clerkenwell, Middlefex, merchant; for additional improvements on an inftrument or log for afcertaining a fhip's diftance, for which he obtained former letters patent in May laft. Dated December 17..

James Duxburgh, of Manchester, Lancashire, calico-printer; for a machine or inftrument to print diftinct fprigs or pots on calico, cotton, ftuffs, linen, filk, fattin, cloth, woollen, braize, or leather, Сс

in

in a more complete and expeditious manner than has been hitherto ufed. Dated Dec. 17.

John Sharren Ward, of Bruton, Somerset hire, filk-throwfter; for a machine, upon new and improved principles, for the purpose of doubling either filk, cotton, flax, hemp, worted, yarn, or other threads. Dated December 30.

Thomas Grace, of Neat-Houfe, in the parish of Saint George, Hanover-fquare, Middlefex, whitelead-maker; for a method of making an acid for corroding lead, and for other purpofes; and alfo a new method of preparing and making white-lead, either with or without the faid acid. Dated Dec. 30, 1800. Lawfon Hudlefton, of Shaftefbury, Dorfetshire, efq.; for the method of conveying boats or barges from a higher level to a lower, and vice versa, on canals. Dated December 30.

Account of a Method of destroying Caterpillars on Gooseberry-Bushes; from the Prize-Elays of the Highland Society of Scotland.

A

Receipt for this purpofe was offered to be communicated to the fociety, by William Henderfon, at Baldridge-Burn, near Dumfermline, on the 6th of February, 1795, for a fuitable reward. The propofal was referred to a fubcommittee, of which Dr. Monro, profeilor of anatomy in the Univerfity of Edinburgh, was chairman; who, after making trial of the receipt, gave in their report on the 1ft of July, 1796. The receipt for the preparation, and the manner of uting it, was in the following words:

Take one Scots pint of tobacco liquor, which the manufacturers of tobacco general fell for deftroying bugs, and mix therewith about one ounce of alum; when the alum is fufficiently diffolved, put this mixture into a plate, or other veffel wide and long enough to admit of a brush, like a weaver's brush, being dipped into it; and, as early in the feafon as you can perceive the leaves of the bushes to be in the leaft eaten, or the eggs upon the leaves (which generally happens about the end of May, and which will be found in great numbers on the veins of the leaves on their under fide), you are to take the preparation or liquor, and dip the brush into it, holding the bruth towards the under fide of the bufh, which is to be raised and, fupported by the hands of another perfon; then, by drawing your hand gently over the hairs of the bruth, the above liquor is fprinkled, and thrown in fima!! drops on the leaves: the confequence of which is, if the eggs are there, they never come forward; and, if they have already generated worms, in a minute or two after the liquor touches them, they either die, or ficken fo as to fall of the buh, at least they do fo upon giving it a little fake. If, upon their thus falling off, they fhall not appear to be completely dead, the bufh fhould be held up, and either a little boiling water from a watering-pan thrown on them, or a bruite given them by a fpade or fhovel, or the earth where they lie turned over with a hoe. This preparation does not in the leaft injure. the bufhics.

The liquor here meant is generally not in the fame ftate it is ex

tracted

tracted from the tobacco, but is mixed, by the tobacco manufacturers, with cold water, in the proportion of four or five pints of water to one of the original juice or effence. Therefore, any perfon who may purchase the juice itself, unmixed, muft mix it with water in the above proportion; and the quantity of alum must be about an ounce for each Scots pint of the mixture.

Dr. Monro's report was in the following words: "I obferved, along with Mr. Hamilton and Mr. Gordon, (two other gentlemen of the committee) and two gardeners who were prefent, that fuch caterpillars as were wetted by the liquor Mr. Henderson employs, were killed in a very few minutes; and the experiment has been repeated by my own gardener, with the fame effect. I have likewife found, that it kills a kind of green fly, which is very hurtful to the leaves of plumb-trees and other fruit-trees. It has been very generally known, that the fmoke and the juice of tobacco were pernicious to different kinds of infects and worms; but it has not, fo far as I know, been employed in Mr. Henderfon's manner; and, as this has the advantage of not hurting the leaves, nor the fruit, I confider it as an useful and material improvement, and well entitled to a moderate premium."

wine, vinegar, and feveral other liquors, rendered it neceflary to take into confideration the two following circumstances respecting that metal:

First. To determine what degree of purity pewter fhould poffefs, in order to render it fit for the uses above-mentioned, without any risk to health.

Secondly. To discover some fimple and eafy means by which the quality of pewter might at any time be afcertained, without injury to the veffels made of it.

In confequence thereof, MM. Legendre, Gattey, and Coquebert. members of the council of weights and measures, propofed, fome months ago, to the government, that a plan of inquiry thould be undertaken, in conjunction with MM. Gillet, Lefevre, and Lelievre, members of the council of mines, by which the folution of the above queftions might. be accomplished.

Thefe commiffioners defired to be affifted by MM. Fourcroy, Vauquelin, and Dillon; and, after a great number of delicate experiments, made with the greatest care, by the united labour of the forementioned gentlemen, many new and interefting facts were afcertained, which have ferved to fix the opinion of the government, with refpect to thofe points which were the objects of this inquiry.

The experiments of the above gentlemen have proved,

Firft. That tin is more easily dif folved than lead, and is diffolved fooner than lead, by the action of wine, or of vinegar.

Secondly. That lead is not fenfi. bly oxidated by the above liquors, except at the line of contact of the air and the liquor: confequently, Cc 2

a very

a very small furface only is affect

ed.

Thirdly. That the moft green and four wine that could be met with in the neighbourhood of Paris, diffolved only an infenfible quantity of lead, after having remained from eight to ten days in veffels made of pewter which contained 18 per cent. of lead.

Fourthly. That nearly the fame effect took place when vinegar was ufed inftead of wine; and that no fenfible appearances were produced by re-agents, except when the pewter of the veffel in which the vinegar had flood contained more than 18 per cent. of lead. In proportion as the vinegar becomes faturated with pewter, a fmall quantity of tartrite of lead is depofited; but the quantity of this depofit is extremely fmall, even when the velfels in which the vinegar ftands are of great diameter, and have a large internal furface.

Fifthly. When red wine remains in pewter veffels, it lofes its colour. This effect arifes from the colouring matter being precipitated, after being combined with oxide of tin. The precipitate does not appear to contain any lead; yet the tafte of the bad wine, made ufe of in this experiment, became more fweet. There is, however, reason to think, that this effect arofe rather from the precipitation of the colouring matter, and the faturation of a part of the acid of the wine, than from any lead contained therein.

From the above experiments, the commiflioners concluded, that veffels made of a mixture of tin and lead might be used for wine, and for vinegar, provided the proportion of the latter metal was not more than from 15 to 18 per cent. and that no

injury to health need be apprehen ded, from the ufe of veffels made within the above-mentioned proportions.

The object of the fecond part of this inquiry was, to find fume means by which the proportion of lead in pewter might eafily be determined. The hydroftatic balance is well known to offer the fureft method of doing it; yet this method has not been made ufe of in any country. Infiead of it, various conjectural methods were adopted, fuch as, the appearance of the metal, the flexibility of it, or other circumftances equally uncertain. A chymical analyfis is capable of afcertaining the matter with precifion: but fuch an analyfis would be tedious and troublefome; betides which, it would be neceflary to take away a part of the veffels themselves, for the purpofe of analyfis. An examination of the fpecific gravity has none of thefe inconveniences; but, in order to make it the basis of legal determi nation, it was necellary to alcertain, by experiment, in what manner tin and lead, when united in various proportions, were affected in this refpect. It had been fafpected, that mixtures of these two metals did not poflefs exactly that fpecific gravity which they would appear to do by calculating upon that which each of them pofle's feparately. But, was their fpecific gravity augmented or diminithed? did the two metals penetrate each other when mixed, or was there, on the contrary, a greater vacuum between their particles than exifted in them when feparate? These were queftions which experiments only could determine: for, the opinions of the philofophers who have writ

ten