The Retrospective Review, in comparing Beaumont's Psyche with some of Bunyan's characters, remarks, "As an allegory, Psyche is exceedingly meagre and inartificial: the heroine herself is a vague, featureless personification, and her attendants, Logos and Thelema, (the reason and the will,) are poor and lifeless compared with the bustling and dramatic personages of our old friend Bunyan in the siege of Mansoul,-My Lord Will be-Will, Mr. Recorder Conscience, and the rest."-Vol. xii. The same excellent periodical considers that there are good reasons for the conjecture that Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress was suggested by John Carthemy's Voyage of the Wandering Knight, translated by Goodyeare some years before Bunyan's imprisonment in Bedford jail. We shall only remark that, if a supposed or even real similarity between the productions of the human mind is to be accepted as a proof of derivation, then-to use a favourite phrase of Dr. Johnson-of such conjectures "there will be no end." There is, however, a striking resemblance between some of the adventures of the Wandering Knight and those of Bunyan's Pilgrim. See Retrosp. Rev., i. 250. Bunyon, C. J. Law of Life Assurance, Lon., 8vo. Burbury, Mrs. Collects, Epistles, and Gospels Explained, Lon., 12mo. Florence Sackville; or, Self-Dependence, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Other works. "Mrs. Burbury possesses a clear appreciation of humour and pathos, a firm hand in noting down the boundary lines and salient features of character, and a constancy to the leading plan and purpose of her story. The story of poor Milly-the pathos of which is fearful-would alone justify us in placing Mrs. Burbury high among modern novelists."-Lon. Athenæum." Burbury, John. History of Christianna Alessandra, Lon., 1658, 12mo. Relation of a Journey of Lord Henry Howard (afterwards Duke of Norfolk) from London to Vienna, and thence to Constantinople, Lon., 1671, 12mo. Burch, Thomas. The Free Grace of God Displayed in the Salvation of Men; two Essays, 1756, 8vo. At the request of the worthy Author of the following Essays. I have perused them; and observe nothing in them but what is agree able to the sacred Scriptures, to the form of sound Words, to the analogy of Faith. and the doctrine of the Gospel."-DR. GILL. Burchall, James. Con. to Med. Obs. & Inq., iii. 106. Burchell, Joseph. Digest of the Laws in the King's Bench and Common Pleas from 1756 to 1794, inclusive, Lon., 1796, 8vo. Other legal works, &c., 1801, '02. '08. Burchell, William J. Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa, Lon., 1822-24, 2 vols. 4to. The enterprising and successful exertions of Burchell have taught us that there are scarcely any assignable limits to human courage and enthusiasm. . . . These travels were undertaken with the intention of exploring the unknown countries lying between the Cape of Good Hope and the Portuguese Settlements on the Western Coast, by a circuitous track into the Interior Regions. The author, after penetrating into the heart of the Continent to the depth of nearly eleven hundred miles, to a country never be fore described. met with obstacles which it was found impossible to surmount, and which compelled him to alter the original plan of his route. . . . His researches have embraced that variety of subjects which a journey over ground never before trodden by European foot, and through the strange and unknown regions of Africa, might be expected to afford."-Dibdin's Lib. Companion. Burches, George. The Doctrine of Original Sin Maintained on Ps. li. 5, Lon., 1655, 8vo. at last, like Belzoni, fell a victim to dysentery, Oct. 15, 1817, when making preparations to commence his longdelayed journey to Fezzan, to explore the source of the Niger. His Journal and Memoranda, which he had partially prepared for publication, fortunately were preserved, and transmitted to the African Association, and were pub. in the following order: 1. Travels in Nubia, and in the Interior of North-Eastern Africa, performed in 1813; Lon., 1819, 4to. 2. Travels in Syria and the Holy Land, 1822, 4to. 3. Travels in Arabia, 1829, 4to. 4. Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys, 1830, 4to. stitutions, and other particulars, or its exhibition of the remark able Mohammedan sectaries, the Wahabys, from their earliest ap pearance as reformers, to almost the present time, we find abun dance of matter to gratify curiosity, and entertain and inform the reader. It is the best account of the Arab tribes we have ever seen."-Lon. Lit. Gaz. "Whether we consider its views of Arab manners, customs, in "It throws new light on a race, which has long stood single among the nations, retaining from age to age a character in which lofty virtues and odious vices are strangely combined.... Burc hardt has done much towards elucidating the manners of t that extraordinary people.... This work has thrown new light on Arabians, and communicating an idea of the real condition of the subject of Bedouin love, courtship, and marriage."-Edin. Rer. 5. Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians illustrated from their Proverbial Sayings current at Cairo, 1830, 4to. He bequeathed his collection of Oriental MSS. to the University of Cambridge. cations for the life which he adopted. Had he lived a few Burckhardt combined some of the most essential qualifi years longer-he was cut off at the early age of 33-we should have possessed invaluable contributions to the stock of knowledge of a deeply-interesting character. Burd, Richard, D.D. Sermons, 1684, 1704, 4to. Burd, William, Surgeon. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1797. Burde, Andrew. See BORDE. 12mo. Burden, or Burdin, J., M.D. A Course of Medical Studies; trans. from the French, Lon., 1803, 3 vols. 8vo. Burden, W. Poetry for Children; selected, 1805. Burder, George, 1752-1832, b. in London, minister of the Independent Chapel, Fetter Lane, London. Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress; a new edit., with Notes, 1786, Evangelical Truth Defended, 1788, 8vo. The Welsh Indians, 1797, 8vo. Bunyan's Holy War; a new edit., with Notes, 1803, 8vo. Supplement to Watts's Psalms and Hymns, which passed through probably forty editions. Mr. B. pub, several other works, the best-known of which is the Collection of Village Sermons, 1799-1812, 6 vols. 8vo, and several editions since; in 1838 they were pub. in 8 vols. in 4; 1 vol. 12mo, 1838; do., 1840; do., ed. by J. Cobbin, 1852, 12mo. "Burder's Village Sermons are highly and deservedly popular, and very useful."-LOWNDES; BICKERSTETH. Burder, Henry Forster. Funeral Sermon, 1811, 8vo. Discourses on the Divine Attributes, 1822, 8vo. "Its attractive composition, the clearness of its statements, and the decided character of its evangelical instructions, render it a valuable and sure guide in the earliest stages of religious inquiry." -Congregational Mog. Lectures on the Pleasures of Religion, 1823, 8vo. "We do not recollect any work that we could more confidently put into the hands of intelligent and ingenuous youth than this interesting statement of the pleasures of a religious life."-Ibil. Lectures on the Essentials of Religion, 1825, 8vo. "We are decidedly of opinion that this volume, compared with all the other productions of the author. is the chef-d'œuvre, in point of thought and illustration."-Ibid. Burchett, Josiah, Secretary of the Admiralty. Memoirs of Transactions at Sea, during the War with France, 1688-97, Lon., 1703, 8vo; 1720, fol. This elicited Col. Luke Lillington's Reflections on Mr. Burchell's Memoirs, &c., Lon., 1704, 8vo. Mr. B. responded in a Justification of his Naval Memoirs, in answer to Col. L.'s Reflections, 1704, 8vo. Complete History of the most remarkable Transactions at Sea, from the earliest accounts of Time, to the conclusion of the last war with France, Lon., 1720, fol.ciseness the outlines of the argument, in a form adapted for popu"The great progenitor of all those ponderous tomes of verbosity, fallacy, and blunders, which for a century have been palmed upon the public as 'standard authorities' in naval history and naval biography." For an account of this work-" the first British authority which sought to achieve the bold and perilous undertaking of chronicling occurrences afloat from the earliest accounts of time"-see The Naval Sketch Book. Burchett, M. The Ark; a Poem, in imitation of Du Bartas, Lon., 1714, 4to. Burchyer, Henry. Authenticity of the word Sterlingorum or Sterling. See Hearne's Collections, ii.321,1771. Burckhardt, John Ludwig, 1784-1817, a native of Lausanne, Switzerland, arrived in London, July, 1806, with a letter from the celebrated Blumenbach to Sir Joseph Banks. In May, 1808, he was engaged by the African Association to make an attempt to penetrate into the interior of Africa from the North. He sailed from Portsmouth in March, 1809, and was engaged until the time of his death in making arrangements for prosecuting the object of his mission. He encountered great hardships, and Four Lectures on the Law of the Sabbath, 1831, 8vo. Dr. Burder's Lectures present with great perspicuity and con lar circulation."-LOWNDES. Psalms and Hymns, Lon., 1826, 12mo: of these, 313 are from Dr. Watts. The Eclectic Review considers it the best of all the selections from Watts. Notes on the Prophecies of the Apocalypse, 1849, p. 8vo. "For the majority of readers Dr. Burder has gone far enon h into his theme.. To devotional readers the treatise will be very acceptable."-Brit. Quarterly Review, lectual and Moral Habits. Mental Discipline: Hints on the Cultivation of IntelAddressed particularly to Stu. dents in Theology, and Young Preachers. 5th edit., to which is appended an address on Pulpit Eloquence, by the Rev. Justin Edwards, Lon.. 1846, fp. 8vo. "As a well-arranged and clearly-expressed exposition of the author's readings and reflections on mental and moral discipline, it will richly repay the attentive perusal of the important classes for whom it is especially prepared."--Lon. Biblical Review. Serms. preached at St. Thomas's Square Chapel, Hackney, 1854, 8vo. Burder, John. Elementary Discourses, Stroudw 1819, 12mo. Lectures on Religion, Holdsw., 1926, 8:. "A work of great utility."-Congreg. Mag. A Memoir of Thomas Harrison Burder, M.D., 1844, 12mo. "Mr. Burder has executed his task-by no means an easy onewith prudence and good taste."-Christian Examiner. Burder, Samuel, late of Clare Hall, Cambridge, and Lecturer of Christ Church, Newgate street, and St. Leonard's, Foster Lane, London. The Moral Law, Lon., 1795, 12mo. Christian Directory, 1800, 12mo. Owen's Display of Arminianism a new edit., revised and corrected. Oriental Customs; or an Illustration of the Sacred Scriptures, &c., Lon., 1802-07, 2 vols. 8vo; several edits.; 1839, 8vo; much improved since first pub. "Á useful abridgment of Harmer's Observations, with many valuable additions from recent voyagers and travellers, arranged in the order of the Books, Chapters, and Verses of the Bible."-T. H. HORNE. Trans. into German (with corrections and additions, since incorporated in Burder's work) by Rosenmüller, Leips., 1819, 4 vols. 8vo. "Mr. Burder's work has not only been composed with considerable labour, but this labour will be productive of much utility; The arrangement of the observations according to the order of Scripture will render the work an acceptable book of reference to Divines and Biblical Scholars."-Lon. Monthly Review. "It leaves out much that is valuable in Harmer."-Orme's Bibl. B. Oriental Literature applied to the Illustration of the Sacred Scriptures, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. "Had Mr. Burder been a profound Oriental scholar, this might have been made a very interesting book. . . . But mere compilations of this nature, however faithfully executed, cannot deeply interest the Biblical scholar. The real and most formidable diffculties of Scriptural expression and allusion are never met by them."-ORME. Oriental Customs, Lon., 1831, sm. 8vo, 4th edit., Lon., 1847, fp. 8vo. This volume contains a selection from the more popular articles contained in the two preceding works, with additions from recent publications. Memoirs of eminently pious British Women; new edit., 1815, 3 vols. 8vo; and 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. The Scripture Expositor, 1809, 2 vols. 4to. This work also illustrates Scripture by the assistance of Eastern Customs. Of the value of such illustrations there can be no question. "The manners of the East, amidst all the changes of government and religion, are still the same: they are living impressions from an original mould; and at every step some object, some idiom. some dress, or some custom of common life, reminds the traveller of ancient times, and confirms, above all, the beauty, the accuracy, and the propriety of the language and the history of the Bible."-Morier's Second Journey through Persia. Burder, William. Religious Ceremonies and Customs, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Formed on the basis of Picart's work, and contains much instructive matter. Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1724, 4to. Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1760, 4to. Pilgrim's Progress Versified, 1804. Burdett, Charles, b. 1815 in the city of New York. Emma; or the Lost Found. Adopted Child. Trials and Triumphs. Never too late. Chances and Changes. Marion Desmond. The Gambler, &c. Editor of Barrington's Physical Geography. Contrib. to many periodicals. Burdett, Sir Francis, M.P. for Westmin. Speeches, 1802, '04, '09, '12. Addresses to Constituents, 1810. Burdett, Mrs. Walter Hamilton, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo. Burdin. See BURDEN. Burdon, Miss. 1. All Classes, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo. 2. Forrester's Daughter, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Friends of Fontainebleau, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 4. Lost Evidence, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 5. The Pope and the Actor, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 6. Seymour of Sudley, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 7. Thirst for Gold, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 8. Ward of the Crown, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Burdon, William. Pocket Farrier, 1730, '45, 8vo. Burdon, William. Three Letters to the Bishop of Llandaff, 1795, 8vo. On the Pursuits of Literature, 17991800, 8vo. Politics, Morality, and Literature, 1800, Svo. Materials for Thinking, 1803-10, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d edit., 1814, 2 vols. 8vo. Advice, 1803. Other literary and political works. Burwood, Jane. Faith and Patience, Lon., 1693. Burdy, Samuel. Life of Philip Skelton, 1792, 8vo. History of Ireland from the earliest ages to the Union, 1817, 8vo. Bureau, James. Medical Essays, Lon., 1777, '89, '92. Burford, John, of King's College, Cambridge. Institutionem Metaphysicarum, lib. ii., Lon., 1654, 8vo. Institutiones Metaphysicæ, Oxf., 1675, 12mo. Institutiones Logica, Camb., 1680, 8vo. Burford, Samuel. Ordination Sermon, 1765, 4to. Burge, William, Queen's Counsel, d. 1850, aged 63. Commentaries on the Law of Suretyship, last edit., Lon., 1849, 8vo; 1st Amer. edit., Boston, 1847, 8vo. This work will be found of great use to the American lawyer as well 2s to the members of the English Bar. Observations on the Supreme Appellate Jurisdiction of Great Britain, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Commentaries on Colanial and Foreign Laws generally, and in their conflict with each other and with the Law of England, Lon., 1836, 4 vols. 8vo; new edit. in course of preparation. This work should stand on the same shelf with Mr. Jua tice Story's Treatise upon the Conflict of Laws. This eminent author thus refers to Burge's work: "It exhibits great learning and research. and as its merits are not as yet generally known to the profession on this side of the Atlantic, I have made many references to it, with the view of enabling the profession to obtain many more illustrations of the doctrines than my own brief text would suggest, and also fully to appreciate his learned labours." Restoration and Repairs of the Temple Church, 1843, 8vo. The Choral Service of the Anglo-Catholic Church 1844, 8vo. Burges. The Pope's Deadly Wound. Burges, Francis. Some Observations on the Use and Original of the Noble Art and Mystery of Printing, Norwich, 1701, 8vo. This is often called the first book printed at Norwich; but this is an error. Burges, G. H. Plato;-Four Dialogues: Crito, Greater Hippias, Second Alcibiades, and Sisyphus; with English Notes, original and selected. In this edition, Bekker's Text is adopted, and the whole of Heindorf's Notes are translated. "It is owing to the erudition and research of the editor that these dialogues may now be pronounced no longer a sealed book, which none but great scholars could ever hope even imperfectly to understand."-New Monthly Mag. Burges, George. Remarks on Mr. Wakefield's Inquiry relative to Public Worship, Lon., 1792, 8vo. A Letter to Thomas Paine, 1794, 8vo. Euripides Troades, 1807, 8vo. Euripides Phoenissæ; Cum Notulis, 1810, 8vo. Other works. Burges, James. Inoculation, 2d ed., 1754, Lon., 8vo. Burges, Sir James Bland. Heroic Epistle from Sergeant Bradshaw, in the Shades, to John Dunning, Esq., 1788. Law of Insolvency, 1783, 8vo. Alfred's Letters, 1792, 8vo. The Birth and Triumph of Love: a Poem, 1796, 4to. Richard the First, an Epic Poem, 1801, 2 vols. Svo. Riches, a Play, 1810, 8vo. Reasons in favour of a new trans. of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1819, 8vo. "This work, though designed as a defence of Mr. Bellamy's strange performance, in reply to the Quarterly Review of that work, is worth consulting, though the reader will not be likely to adopt all the learned Baronet's reasons or reasonings, in their support."-ORME: Bibl. Brit. Sir James pub. some other works. Burges, Samuel. Ordination sermon, 1707, 8vo. Burgess, Mrs. The Oaks, or the Beauties of Cauterbury; a Comedy, 1780, 8vo. Burgess, or Burges, Anthony, a Nonconformist clergyman, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and afterwards became a Fellow of Emmanuel College. In 1635 he obtained the living of Sutton-Colfield, Warwickshire, but submitted to ejectment after the Restoration. Vindiciae Legis, Lon., 1546, 4to. 155 Sermons on the 17th Chapter of St. John, Lon., 1646, '56, '61, fol. "Full of sound doctrine, methodically arranged, and closely ap plied in very plain language."-DR. E. WILLIAMS. "Spiritual and experimental."-BICKERSTETH. The True Doctrine of Justification asserted and vindicated, 1648, 4to. Treatise on Justification, 1654, 4to. "This work is a great favourite with those who hold the doctrine of Christ's imputed righteousness."-LoWNDES, Commentaries on the 1st and 2d Corinthians, 1661, 2 vols. fol. "This deserves the same character as his work on John." DR. E. WILLIAMS. Other theological works. Bishop Hacket used to say that Burgess was fit for a Professor's Chair in the University. nent preacher, and a sound and orthodox divine."-DR. JOHN WAL"A pious, learned, and able scholar, a good disputant, an emi LIS, a pupil of Burgess. Burgess, or Burges, Cornelius, D.D., a Nonconformist divine, d. 1665, was entered at Oxford in 1611. On taking holy orders he obtained the rectory of St. Magnus, London-bridge, and in 1618 he was presented to the living of Watford in Hertfordshire. He was chaplain in ordinary to Charles I., and a zealous friend to the Church in the earlier part of his life, but, as Wood alleges, from disappointment, he afterwards sided with the Parliamentary party, and after the murder of the king shared largely in the spoils; purchasing Church lands, and writ ing a book to justify such speculations, entitled No Sacri lege nor Sinne to Aliene or Purchase the Lands of Bishops, or others, whose Offices are Abolished, 2d edit., Lon., 1659, 8vo, (3d edit., abbreviated, 1660, 4to.) "This second impression, as I apprehended, was wrote upon a prospet of the King's coming in, and danger of losing all; for it Is wrote in a very mortified style."-COLE. The king did "come in," and Burgess's speculations proved rather unprofitable: He was bid for his purchase, not long before the King's return, about £20,000, but refus'd it. And the King unexpectedly (to him) returning in the year 1660, and bishops and deans being restored, he lost all his purchas'd lands, and became so poor (ingens justitia divinæ documentum) that he had not bread to eat, as it appears in his own letter to Sir Richard Browne."-DR. BARLOW, in Athen. Ozon. He pub. several other theological tracts, among them, Baptismal Regeneration of Elect Infants, Oxf., 1629, 4to. "An unsatisfactory work."-BICKERSTETH. Burgess, Daniel, 1645-1712, a Dissenting divine, was entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1660. In 1667 the Earl of Orrery appointed him master of a school at Charleville, Ireland. In 1685 he took charge of a congregation in Brydges Street, Covent Garden, London, afterwards in Carey Street. Sermon on Eccles. xii. 1, Lon., 1660, fol. 18 Directions for saving Conversion to God, 1691, 8vo. Causa Dei; or, Counsel to the Rich, Lon., 1697, 8vo. The Golden Snuffers, a sermon on Exod. Xxxvii. 23, 1697. Other theolog. treatises. Burgess was celebrated for a random wit which sometimes forgot the propriety of times and seasons and startled the pulpit with unseemly levity. Yet he had many occasional hearers from the theatre in his vicinity, and his lively zeal for souls made him ready to "become all things to all men.' Perhaps the most unsatisfactory and reckless of the pupils upon whom his admonitions were thrown away was HENRY ST. JOHN, (afterwards) LORD BOLINGBROKE, to whom Burgess was for some time tutor. Burgess, Daniel. A Short Account of the Roman Senate, Lon., 1729, 4to. Burgess, George, D.D., Bishop of the P. Episcopal Church in the State of Maine, was born Oct. 31, 1809, at Providence, Rhode Island; was educated at Brown University, (where he was for some time a tutor,) and studied at the Universities of Gottingen, Bonn, and Berlin: Rector of Christ Church, Hartford, 1834-1847; consecrated Bishop of Maine, Oct. 31, 1847, and became, at the same time, Rector of Christ Church, Gardiner. He has pub. several sermons and two academic poems. The Book of Psalms in English Verse, N.Y., 12mo. Pages from the Ecclesiastical History of New England, 12mo. The Last Enemy Conquering and Conquered, Phila., 1850, 12mo. Sermons on the Christian Life, 1854, 12mo. "Remarkable for comprehension of thought, beauty and simplicity of style, and for the profit and interest with which they are read." Burgess, Rev. Henry, LL.D. Amateur Gardener's Year-Book, Lon., 1857, 8vo. "This is, beyond compare, the best book of its class that has come under our notice. It is really popular."-Lon. Critic. Burgess, J. Beelzebub Driven and Drowning his Hogs; a sermon on Mark v. 12, 13, 1670, 8vo. Burgess, John. The Lawfulness of Kneeling in receiving the Lord's Supper, Lon., 1631, 4to. Contains an answer to a Reply to Dr. Morton's Defence of those nocent Ceremonies. Burgess, John Cart. Flower Painting, Lon., 1811. Useful Hints on Drawing and Painting, 1818, etc. Burgess, Richard. Topography and Antiquities of Rome, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. Greece and the Levant, or Diary of a Summer's Excursion in 1834, 35, 2 vols. 12mo. "These little volumes are valuable as guides for tourists, and pleasingly describe the most interesting portions of Greece, Turkey, and Western Asia."-Lm. Athenæum. Lectures on the Insufficiency of Unrevealed Religion, and on the succeeding Influence of Christianity, 1839, 8vo. "Considerable interest attaches to these Lectures from the fact hat they were delivered to a Protestant congregation within the onfines of the Vatican; and the preface contains an account, as mportant as it is delightful, of the origin and progress of this hurch. The Lectures themselves are a valuable addition to the arious treatises on the evidences of revealed religion."-Lon. Christian Remembrancer. The Circus, and Circensian Games, p. 8vo. Burgess, Richard. Observations on an Appeal to members of the Society for P. C. K., Lon., 1844, Svo. Burgess, Thomas, D.D., 1756-1837, a native of Odiham, Hampshire, educated at Winchester School, and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he obtained a scholarship in 1775, and a fellowship in 1783. He became Bishop of St. David's in 1803, translated to Salisbury in 1825. He was distinguished for industry as an author, and zeal in the discharge of ministerial duties. Whilst chaplain to Dr. Shute Barrington, his predecessor in the bishopric of Salisbury, he laboured assiduously in the promotion of that Christian charity-next to the ministry the most powerful instrumentality for the subversion of error and establishment of truth-the SUNDAY-SCHOOL system. The bishop was a very voluminous writer; h:3 biographer, J. S. Harford, enumerates nearly 100 publications of his. To this biography, 2d edit., pub. Lon., 1841, 12mo, we refer the reader. We notice a few of his works: Burton's Pentalogia, with an Appendix, and a few explanatory Notes, 1780, 2 vols. 8vo. Dawes's Miscellanea Critica Iterum edita, 1781, 8vo; reprinted at Leipsic, 1800. An Essay on the Study of Antiquities, 2d edit., Oxf., 1782, 8vo. Considerations on the Abolition of Slavery, 1789, Svo: recommending gradual emancipation. The Divinity of Christ proved from his own Assertions, &c.; a sermon, 1790, 4to; of this doctrine the bishop was a zealous defender. He pub., 1814-20, a number of tracts on the Trinity, &c., which were collected into one volume in 1820; and in 1822 and 1824 he pub. Annotationes Millii, &c., and a selection of Tracts and Observations on John v. 7, and wrote some treatises upon this question. The zeal of the bishop whilst espousing the genuineness of this verse drew him into a controversy with Professor Turton, who defended Porson against a charge made by the prelate. Elementary Evidences of the Truth of Christianity, in a series of Easter Catechisms. This valuablo work has been frequently reprinted. Reasons why a new Translation of the Bible should not be published, 1816, Svo. Initia Paulina, 1804, 12mo. Paul's Epistles, that can be offered to the attention of the student." British Critic. "Some of the most valuable illustrations of the style of St. "This small work is adapted to aid the critical student of Paul's Epistles." ORME. His Hebrew Elements, 1807, and Hebrew Primer, 1808, are valuable assistants to the student. A Letter to the Clergy of St. David's, 1825, 8vo. Christian Theocracy, &c., 1835, 12mo. In addition to the Life by Harford, consult Horne's Introduction for notice of some of the writings of this learned and useful prelate. He resembled an ancient father of the church in simplicity and holiness, and was distinguished alike for extensive learning and unwearied industry, and the unruffled calm of a meditative mind."-DR. PEARSON. "Bishop Burgess deserves well of the Christian public for the varied encouragements which he has presented to the cultivation of Biblical literature."-Orme's Bibl. Bib. Burgess, Tristam. The Battle of Lake Erie, with notice of Commodore Elliott's Conduct in that engagement, 1839, 12mo. Speeches, &c. Burgess, Wm. Funeral Sermon, Colches., 1831, 8vo. Burgesse, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1709, '28. Burgh, A. or R. 1. Saored History. 2. Music, 4 vols., 1805, '14. Burgh, or Burghe, Benedict. Cato trans. into English, 1480, fol., by Caxton. "Burghe's performance is too jejune for transcription: and, I suspect, would not have afforded a single splendid extract, had even the Latin possessed any sparks of poetry."- Wurton's Eng. Poetry. press Burgh, James, 1714-1775, a native of Madderty, Perthshire, Scotland, was a cousin, by the mother's side, of Robertson the historian. He was educated at the Univerbusiness in the linen trade, in which he lost all of his prosity of St. Andrew's, and on leaving college commenced Perty. Returning to London, he became corrector of the in Bowyer's printing office, which he left in 1746 for the purpose of becoming assistant in a grammar school at Marlow, in Buckinghamshire. In 1747 he established a school at Stoke Newington, (removed to Newington-Green in 1750,) Middlesex, which was very successful. He laboured in this useful occupation until 1771, when he retired, and settled at Islington, where he resided until bis death. Britain's Remembrancer, Lon., 1745; 5 edits. in about 2 years, and reprinted in Scotland, Ireland, and America. Thoughts on Education, 1747. A Hymn to the Creator of the World, &c.; 2d edit., 1750, 8vo. A Warning to Dram Drinkers, 1751, 12mo. Had this warning been effectual in his own day and succeeding times, what an amount of poverty, misery, crime, and moral and spiritual death had been prevented! The Free Inquirer, pub. in The General Evening Post, 1753, 4to. Dignity of Human Nature, 1754, 4to. The Art of Speaking, 1762, 8vo. An Account of the Cessares; a people of S. America, 1764, 8vo. Crito; or Essays on Various Subjects, 1766, 77, 3 vols. 12mo. The Constitutionalist; pub. in The Gazetteer, 1770. Political Disquisitions, 1774, 75, 3 vols. 8vo. This work is on a very comprehensive plan. The author intended to carry it further, had he lived. The Colonist's Advocate in The Gazetteer; afterwards pub. by a bookseller under the title of Youth's Friendly Monitor. "He was a man of great piety, integrity, and benevolence. He had a warmth of heart which engaged him to enter ardently into the prosecution of any valuable design, and his temper was communicative and cheerful." See Biog. Brit.; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes. Burgh, Sydenham. Sermon, 1723, 8vo. Burgh, Thomas. Right-lined Figures, Dub., 1724,4to. Burgh, William, LL.D., M.P., 1741-1808, a native of Ireland. Scriptural Confutations of the Arguments produced by Mr. Theop. Lindsay against the One Godhead of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, Lon., 1773, and An Inquiry, &c., being a sequel to the above work, 1778, 8vo. "A masterly work, highly commended by Bishop Hurd, Mr. Toplady, and other clergymen."-LOWNDES. For this work the University of Oxford awarded to the author the honour of a doctor's degree. Burgh, William, of Trinity College, Dublin. Exposition of the Book of Revelation; 3d. edit., Dubl., 1834, 12mo. "An attempt to set aside all preceding expositions of this book on very unsatisfactory and insufficient grounds; yet with practical and useful remarks."-BICKERSTETH. Adela Nerthington, rows of Edith, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo. successive events, without requiring any accordancy with nature Burke, Aedanus, d. 1802, aged 59, a native of Galway, Ireland, emigrated to America, where he became a Judge in South Carolina, and a member of Congress. Address to the Freemen of South Carolina, by Cassius, 1783, Considerations upon the Order of Cincinnati, 1783. Burke, Sir Bernard, Ulster King-of-Arms. See BURKE, JOHN. Burke, B. W. A Compendium of the Anatomy, Phy. Six Discourses on the Nature and Influence of Faith, siology, and Pathology of the Horso, 1806, 12mo. Dubl., 1835, sm. 8vo. "This work is perfectly sound upon the essential points of Christianity, but it is often peculiar in its mode of stating them, and states new views upon minor points."-Presbyt. Review. Lectures on the Second Advent of Christ, and Connected Events, &c.; 2d edit. enlarged, Dubl., 1835, 12mo. See a review of this work in the Dublin Christian Examiner. "This was answered by Mr. Cunninghame (with too much sharpness, but ably) in his Church of Rome, the Apostasy." BICKERSTETH. Other theological works. Burghley, Lord. See CECIL, SIR WILLIAM. Burgon, John William. Petra, a Poem, Lon., 2d ed., 1846, p. 8vo. Life, Times, and Contemporaries of Sir Thomas Gresham, 2 vols. 8vo. "These are two magnificent volumes in regard to size, illustration, and typography. Nor are their literary contents unworthy their external splendour, or the fame of the distinguished mer. chant to whose biography they are devoted."-United Service Mag. Burgoyne, John, Lieut. General, M.P., d. 1792, was engaged in military service in several parts of the world, and obtained considerable distinction as an author. He married the daughter of the Earl of Derby. Letter to his Constituents upon his late Resignation, 1779, 8vo. Substance of his Speeches upon M. Vyner's Motion, 1778, 8vo. State of the Expedition from Canada, 1780, 8vo. The Lord of the Manor; Comic Opera, 1781, 8vo. This piece contains the beautiful lines commencing "Encompassed in an Angel's Frame." The Heiress; a Comedy, 1786, 8vo. "Every reader of the Heiress will mark the striking parallelisms between many passages in it and the School for Scandal." He contributed The Westminster Guide to the celebrated Probationary Odes. His Dramatic and Poetical Works, with Memoir of the Author, appeared in 1808, 2 vols. 12mo. "The various offerings to the Muses, which were presented by an accomplished gentleman and a brave and skilful officer."Lon. Monthly Review. Burgoyne, Montagu. Polit. Letters and Speeches, 1807, '10, '11. Burhill, or Burghill, Robert, 1572-1641, a native of Dymock, Gloucestershire, was admitted at 15 scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and probationer Fellow in 1584. He was presented to the living of Northwold in Norfolk, and was made Canon residentiary of Hereford. Invitatorius panegyricus, ad Regem Optimum de Elizabethæ nuper Reginæ posteriore ad Oxoniam Adventu, &c., Oxon., 1603, 4to. De Potestate Regia et Usurpatione Papali, &c., Oxon., 1613, 8vo. Other works, for a notice of which see Athen. Oxon. Burhill rendered valuable assist ance to Sir Walter Raleigh when he was composing his History of the World, in "criticisms and the reading of Greek and Hebrew authors." Wood gives him a high cha racter: "He was a person of great reading and profound judgment, was well vers'd in the fathers and schoolmen, right learned and well grounded in the Hebrew tongue, an exact disputant, and in his younger years a noted Latin poet."-Athen. Oxon. Burk, or Burke, John. The History of Virginia, from its first Settlement to the Present Time; commenced by John Burk, and continued by Shelton Jones, and Louis Kue Girardin, 1804-16: seldom found complete, as almost ll the copies of vol. iv., by Girardin, pub. in 1816, were cidentally destroyed. Perhaps 20 or 30 copies of vol. iv. may be in existence. Burke, Mrs. Ela; a Tale, 1787, 12mo. The Sor Burke, E. P. An Historical Essay on the Laws and Government of Rome, designed as an Introduction to the Study of the Civil Law; 2d edit., Cambridge, 1830, 8vo. "The best historical view of the Roman Constitution that has yet appeared from the hands of any English civilian or historian, and exceeded by few, if any, of the continental essays on the same subject." Burke, Edmund, 1728-1797, one of the greatest of the sons of men, was a native of Dublin. Mr. Prior agrees with other authorities in assigning January 1, 1730, as the date of his birth, but we adopt the decision recorded in the last edition of his works, (Lon., 1852, 8 vols. r. 8vo,) although his sister Juliana was baptized in this year. The family is descended from the Norman Burghs, or De Burghs, (of which Burke or Bourke--for it is even now spelt both ways-is a corruption,) who emigrated to Ireland under Strongbow, temp. Henry II. His father, Richard Burke, was an attorney, first in Limerick, and afterwards in Dublin. About 1725 he married Miss Mary Nagle, of the anRoche, county of Cork. Of their fourteen or fifteen chilcient family of that name, still existing near Castletown dren, all died young except Garret, Edmund, Richard, and Juliana. In 1741 the three brothers were placed at a school at Ballitore, conducted by an excellent master named Abraham Shackleton, a Quaker. With this gentleman and his son Richard, bis successor, Burke kept up the most friendly relations until the death of the son in 1792. As a boy, Edmund was distinguished for that devoted application to the acquisition of knowledge, and remarkable powers of comprehension and retention, which accompanied him through life. "When we were at play," remarked his brother Richard, "he was always at work." In 1744 he entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a pensioner. In 1746 he was elected a scholar of the house; commenced A.B., Feb. 23, 1747-48, and proceeded A.M., 1751. Goldsmith, who was his fellow-student, tells us that he was not distinguished for any remarkable superiority of talents; but the truth seems to be that he was zealously employed in laying in those stores of useful rather than brilliant knowledge, which afterwards proved of such service to him in the practical business of life. Yet he did not scorn the blandishments of the muse; for he composed very creditable poetry, and studied with delight the poems of Shakspeare, Spenser, Milton, and Young. Having determined to adopt the Law as his profession, he was entered of the Middle Temple, April 23, 1747, and early in 1750 arrived in London to keep He changed his views, however, for at the expiration of the the customary terms previous to being called to the Bar. himself as candidate for the Professorship of Logic in the University of Glasgow, but, fortunately for the world and his future fame, was unsuccessful. It is said, indeed, that usual time he was not called. In 1752 or 1753 he offered he withdrew his application when informed that arrangements had already been made by those interested which precluded any hope of his election. Mr. James Clow was elected to the vacant chair. Having much leisure upon his hands, Burke devoted it to assiduous study, occasionally amusing himself by original compositions. Some of his pieces were published, but it is impossible at this time to know what they were. One of the first, Arthur Murphy believed to be a poem, or poetical translation from the Latin. His first avowed publication, the Vindication of Natural Society, by a late Noble Writer, which appeared in the spring of 1756, 8vo, pp. 166, was a most successful imitation of the style, language, and thought of Lord Bolingbroke. The object was a most praiseworthy one. His lordship's philosophical (infidel) works had appeared in 1751, pub. by David Mallet, and exited much attention. BUR Barke laboured to show that if the abuses of, or evils sometimes connected with, religion, invalidate its authenticity, authority, or usefulness, then every institution, however beneficial, must be abandoned. "His object was to expose his lordship's mode of reasoning, by running it out into its legitimate consequences. He therefore applied it to civil society. He undertook, in the person of Bolingbroke, and with the closest imitation of his impetuous and overbearing eloquence, to expose the crimes and wretchedness which have prevailed under every form of government, and thus to show that society is itself an evil, and the savage state the only one favourable to virtue and happiness. In this pamphlet he gave the most perfect specimen which the world has ever seen of the art of imitating the style and manner of another. He went beyond the mere choice of words, the structure of sentences, and the cast of imagery, into the deepest recesses of thought; and so completely had he imbued himself with the spirit of Bolingbroke, that he brought out precisely what every one sees his lordship ought to have said on his own principles, and might be expected to say, if he dared to express his sentiments." The merit of this production was the better appreciated from the current opinion of literary men that Bolingbroke's style was "not only the best of that time, but in itself wholly inimitable." The critics were completely deceived: "Almost everybody received it as a posthumous work of Lord Bolingbroke: and so far from being looked upon as one of the hasty sketches of his youth, or the gleanings of old age, it was praised up to the standard of his best writings. The critics knew the turn of his periods, his style, his phrases, and above all, the matchless dexterity of his metaphysical pen. Charles Macklin, with the pamphlet in his hand, used frequently to exclaim at the Grecian Coffee-house, (where he gave a kind of literary law to the young Templars at that time,) Sir, this must be Harry Bolingbroke; I know him by his cloven foot! The Earl of Chesterfield, who had been an intimate friend of Bolingbroke, and was a copyist of his style, acknowledged that he was for some time deceived in this point; and Bishop Warburton-an abler man than either of their fordships-exclaimed in his usual rough style- You see, sir, the fellow's principles; they now come out in a full blaze."" We need not be surprised at this when we remember that to use the language of Mr. Prior "The imitation indeed was so perfect as to constitute identity, rather than resemblance. It was not merely the language. style. and general eloquence of the original which had been caught; but the whole mind of the peer, his train of thought, the power to enter. into his conception, seemed to be transferred into the pen of his imitator, with a fidelity and grace beyond the reach of art."" A celebrated critic, alluding to the successful imitation of all of the noble writer's characteristics, remarks: "In Burke's imitation of Bolingbroke (the most perfect specimen perhaps that ever will exist of the art in question) we have all the qualities which distinguish the style, or, we may indeed say, the genius, of that noble writer, concentrated and brought before us." This pamphlet was reprinted in 1765, with a preface by the author, in which he modestly remarks: "If some inaccuracies in calculation, in reasoning, or in method, be found, perhaps these will not be looked upon as faults by the admirers of Lord Bolingbroke: who will, the editor is afraid, observe much more of his lordship's character in such particulars of the following letter, than they are likely to find of that rapid torrent of an impetuous and overbearing eloquence, and the variety of rich imagery, for which that writer is justly admired." A few months afterwards, in the same year, appeared A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, Svo; pub. by Dodsley. This Essay was received with great applause. "Of this celebrated work, so long before the public, which now forms a text-book in liberal education, and one of reference in our universities, little more need be said, than that it is perfectly original in the execution and design. Longinus, indeed, had written on the sublime, and Addison partially on grandeur and beauty, but neither of them profoundly nor distinctly: they exemplify But Mr. Burke's book and illustrate rather than analyze, or dive to the sources of those --PRIOR. "We have an example of true criticism in Burke's Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful."-DR. JOHNSON, "Though we think the author mistaken in many of his fundamental principles, and also in his deductions from them, yet we must say we have read his book with pleasure. He has certainly employed much thinking: there are many ingenious and elegant remarks, which, though they do not enforce or improve his first position, yet, considering them detached from his system, they are new and just. And we cannot dismiss this article without recommending a perusal of the book to all our readers, as we think they will be recompensed by a great deal of sentiment, a perspicuous. elegant, and harmonious style, in many passages both sublime and beautiful."-ARTHUR MURPHY. Lord Jeffrey entirely dissents from the theory propounded by Mr. Burke: "His explanation is founded upon a species of materialism.not much to have been expected from the general character of his genius, or the strain of his other speculations-for it resolves entirely into this, that all objects appear beautiful which have the power of producing a peculiar relaxation of our nerves and fibres, and thus inducing a certain degree of bodily languor and sinking. Of all the suppositions that have been at any time hazarded to explain the phenomena of beauty, this, we think, is the most un 19 fortunate, and the most weakly supported. There is no philosophy Whatever may be thought of the correctness of Mr. Professor Smyth, in his lectures upon the American "They who are not at leisure to examine these books and pam. substitute for them all. They contain, in the most concise form, The health of the young author requiring relaxation, and Dugald Stewart commends it as a masterly sketch, and "It is, in many parts, masterly; the reflections just, and often "And now I must allude, in a few words, to a celebrated and |