for raifing the feveral kinds of plants, adapted to the various foils of the new foreft, and a perfon converfant in that branch, appointed to fuperintend the management of it, who fhould refide upon the premises, and attend not only to the raifing of the trees, but to the tranfplanting them afterward in the particular fituations where they are intended to remain, as their fuccefs depends much upon that attention: but perhaps it may be urged, that it will be unneceffary to raife plants in a nursery, when the inclosures may be fown with acorns, &c. which is certainly much lefs trouble, and when applied to oak only, is the most expeditious way of furnishing a large quantity of ground with young plants; but it does by no means follow, that it is the most expeditious way of railing timber for the navy, as from repeated experiments and obfervations we have found, that tranfplanted oak will thrive fafter, and produce better timber in the fame time, than that which has never been tranfplanted; and, notwithstanding this is contrary to the generally received opinion, we have ventured to affert it from known facts, which we are ready to prove to any gentleman, and which, we fhould hope, would tend to remove the prejudice that has generally crept into people's minds-that if the tap root of the oak is cut off, or injured, the tree will never thrive after; whereas, on the contrary, two or three tap roots will generally be formed in its ftead, which affords them a better opportunity of finding out the good earth, and in cafe one of them should be stopped by a ftone or otherwife, the others may be more fortunate, which is not the cafe with a fingle tap root, and probably this may account for the fuperiority of the tranfplanted trees.

they could not with many other kinds, particularly fir and larch; and as most of the inclosures would contain fome barren land on the hills, it would be highly improper to plant it with oak, which would never fucceed, whereas it would produce excellent fir and larch timber, which would pay better than oak, and at the fame time fupply the neighbour. ing country with fire-wood, which, under the prefent fyftem, will foon be very fcarce, and not fufficient for the legal claims for that article. With refpect to the number of offi cers neceffary to fuperintend the fo. reft, after it is properly regulated, it may not be neceffary to particularize here; but we may just mention, that a very few, under a competent board, would be fully fufficient for the whole management, and those should be paid a falary adequate to their employ, and on no account fuffered to receive any emolument or fee whatever from the forest.

SALO P. By Mr Bifhton.

Improvement of the Commons.-On this head furely it is not neceffary, at this time of day, for myfelf, or any other perfon, to fay any thing more than, "inclofe them all as foon as convenient." The idea of leaving them in their unimproved state to bear chiefly gorfe bushes, and fern, is now completely fcouted, except by a very few, who have falfely conceived that the inclofing of them is an injury to the poor; but if those perfons had seen as much of the contrary effects in that refpect, as I have, I am fully perfuaded their oppofition would at once ceafe. Let those who doubt, go round the commons now open, and view the miferable huts, and poor, ill-cultivated, impoverished spots erected, or rather thrown together, and inclofed by themselves, for which they pay fixpence or a

fhilling

fhilling per year, which, by lofs of time both to the man and his family, affords them a very trifle toward their maintenance, yet operates upon their minds as a fort of independence; this idea leads the man to lofe many days work, by which he gets a habit of indolence: a daughter kept at home to milk a poor halfftarved cow, who being open to temptations, foon turns harlot, and becomes a diftreffed ignorant mother, inftead of making a good ufeful fer

vant.

The furrounding farmers, by thefe means, have neither induftrious labourers or fervants, therefore the commons with the cottagers around become a great burden, instead of a convenience; for most certain it is, that in all the countries where this is the cafe, the labourers are generally indolent; and the contrary is the cafe where they live under the farmer, in comfortable cottages, with only a quarter of an acre of land, work every day in the year, and have their children taught to read, and put out to labour early. This I have been witness to, not only in my own parish, 'where we inclofed a common and fields twenty-five years ago, but in many other places fince, where I have been concerned. To do any thing for a poor man and his family, (who are to be maintained by their own labour) which gives them the habit of indolence, is the fame as taking the rich man's income, for both alike become helplefs. I am aware that it will be faid by fome, how then are the poor to obtain houfes? I answer, by taking off the objection to houfes being built by their employers, the freeholders and opulent perfons, as the laws of poffellion now ftand. The objection to poor poffeffors are, that as foon as the owner of a houfe takes into it a poor perfon and family, he finds himself bound to them, even if thieves, or perfous of the worft behaviour. The

poffeffor, feeling his weight in this refpect by his poverty, puts the landlord to defiance; and if he should not know this himself, he can easily find thofe who will inftruct him to withhold poffeffion, fo as to put his landlord (under the best management on his part) to 101. expence, before he can eject him, which is at once fix or feven years income of the premifes.

There cannot, I conceive, be any danger of oppofition to this alteration for the gentlemen of the law, whofe profeffions are liberal as well as profitable, for fo good a purpose, will readily give up the lofs of thefe poor clients, in the fupporting of whom, against their landlords, they have but feldom got much credit': therefore, I would propofe for houses with land, at any rent not exceeding 21. 10s. yearly, and not being under an agreement in writing to the contrary, the tenant having had fix months previous notice in writing, from his landlord or agent, for quitting at the next lady-day, and not quitting, but holding over by the space of three days, that the owner or his agent, may apply to one of his Majefty's juftices of the peace, who fhould, with all convenient fpeed, fummon the parties and their witneffes, and if upon fuch inquiry and hearing fuch notice, as aforefaid, it thall be found to have been regularly delivered, at the party's dwellinghoufe, &c. that in fuch cafe, the juftice hall grant his warrant to the conftable and parifh officers where fuch complaint arofe, to empower them to ferve the officer of the parifh to which they are ordered to be removed, with a notice of the order, and if fuch officer, for three days, omits giving a fecurity for abiding by the decifion of the court of quarter feffions, then to immediately take and convey the faid tenant and family, with their goods, to the officers of the parish whereunto they belong,

who

15. Engraved Portraits of Baffario and Shylock. 16. An agreement between Shakspeare and John Lowin, the Player. 17. An agreement between Shakspeare and Henry Condell, the Player. 18. A Letter from Shakspeare and John Heminge to Michael Frafer and his Wife. 19. Deed of Truft to John Heminge. Subjoined to the Miscellaneous Papers, &c. are the tragedy of King Lear, and a fragment of Hamlet, both alleged to be in the hand-writing of Shakspeare.

To invalidate the authenticity of thefe manufcripts, Mr Malone fets out with obferving, that "the fabri cation of these manufcripts, by whom foever made, has betrayed itself in almost every line, fo as to fhew, be yond a poffibility of a doubt, that not a fingle piece in the whole collection was the production of Shakspeare, or of the other perfons to whom they are afcribed."

He then quotes Mr Ireland's own words, from that part of his publication in which he endeavours to ac count for the discovery of the papers in queftion; on which he remarks, that there is no mention made of the house in which they were found, except in general terms, of what led to their difcovery, or who the gentleman is in whofe poffeffion they were. From thefe circumstances he infers, that the editor is incapable of establishing the fact of their authenticity; for (as Sir William Blackftone fays) if there is better evidence exifling than is produced, the very not producing it is a prefumption that it would have detected fome falfehood that at prefent is concealed."

He next proceeds to prove from the orthography, the phrafeology, the date, and the total diffimilitude of the hand-writing of Queen Elifabeth, &c. that the whole is a forgery. The firft topic that he confiders is the orthography, on which he afferts that the fpelling in the Queen's letter, as

well as in all other papers, is not only not the orthography of Elizabeth, or of her time, but, for the most part, the orthography of no age whatever. "From the time of Henry IV. (fays he,) I have perufed feveral thoufand deeds and other manufcripts, and I never once found the copulative and fpelt as it is here with the final e.— The fame observations may be made on the word for, almost univerfally exhibited forre, a mode of othography, I believe unprecedented. The clumfy fabricator, had feen far written in old books farre, and took it for granted that a word fo nearly fimilar as for had anciently the fame terminating letters; befides, the abfurd manner in which almost every word is over-laden with both confonants and vowels will at once ftrike every reader who has any knowledge of the ftate of our language at the period referred to." Here Mr Malonne quotes paffages from a great number of ancient authors, and from letters of Queen Elizabeth and Shakfpeare, to prove the truth of all those affertions, to which he adds feveral fac fimiles of the real hand-writing of Queen Elizabeth, Shakspeare, Lord Southampton, &c. and compares them with thofe published by Mr Ireland, for the purpose of proving that there is no fimilarity whatever between them.

Mr Malonne, in the fame manner, proceeds with the rest of the papers, in the order as ftated above, and places them in every poffible light, in order to demonftrate, that, fo far from poffeffing a fingle trait of authenticity, they must be confidered, by every unprejudiced reader, as bearing the manifeft marks of forgery.

With respect to the far-famed Tragedy of Kynge Vortygern (the play acted, as obferved above, on Saturday the 2d April) and all the Kkynges and all the queenes, which have been announced from the fame quarter, Mr Malonne conceives any dif

quifition