Travels in the North of Germany: Describing the Present State of the Social and Political Institutions ... Particularly in the Kingdom of Hanover, المجلد 2A. Constable, 1820 |
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عبارات ومصطلحات مألوفة
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مقاطع مشهورة
الصفحة 75 - There is very little argument supporting such assertions, however, and no attempt to understand the origin of either value or profit. During the years 1818 and 1819 he wrote Travels in the North of Germany. Again one finds in this book condemnations of profit and rent: The landlord and the capitalist produce nothing. Capital is the produce of labour...
الصفحة 68 - The conditions by which the leibeigener holds his land are also fixed, they are not the arbitrary will of his lord, and it descends with these to his children; but they are conditions of service so onerous, that they reduce him almost to slavery. He is obliged to cultivate the land of his lord a certain number of days in the year, to neglect his own harvest while he is carrying in that of his lord, to employ his horses to bring home his lord's wood, to supply his lord with coach-horses when he demands...
الصفحة 70 - From this fact we may learn that men are only improvident in proportion as their wants are supplied by other persons, and that the simple means of making the race frugal, is to supply the wants of no man, and to leave every man the produce of his own labour (Travels in the North of Germany, vol. 2, p. 86). ' The object in labouring is to supply the individual's wants. Nature gave him his faculties and powers for this purpose ; for this purpose only, and not for the purpose of supplying the wants...
الصفحة 61 - That which belongs to the sovereign is again divided in general into large portions, which have once been noble or ecclesiastical properties, and are now let by the crown in their entire state. They may contain from 500 to 3000 acres, or in the unfruitful provinces even more, with rights of pasturage over large districts, and in some cases, with a right to the services of the peasants. The tithes also are sometimes united to them. They arc let to the...
الصفحة 194 - ... their lectures. Of course, each professor is anxious to have as many hearers as possible, and all are careful, in their capacity of magistrates as well as in their capacity of teachers, never to irritate or offend the students. There is both a competition amongst the different professors at the same university, and a competition amongst those of different universities; and the students are sometimes tempted to choose the place of their study rather by the indulgences allowed than by the reputation...
الصفحة 76 - When tliis money is collected, the inhabitants are warned by the collectors not to give alms, and they seem to expect, that, for what they give on this occasion, they ought never to be tormented by beggars. The agriculture of Hannover is represented as in a good state. Meat costs from two pence halfpenny...
الصفحة 64 - It may be from this cause that so few nobles reside in the country. They have in truth no land but what is occupied by other people. The use of these small portions of land on certain conditions, is the property of the occupier, which he can sell ; as the stipulated rent and services are the property of the landlord. The bauer has an hereditary right to the use, the landlord an hereditary right to be paid for that use. The...
الصفحة 155 - ... subjected entirely to the living magistrates, it has been constantly altered so as to keep pace with modern improvements, and it is not behind the knowledge of the day. Two hundred and fifty boys are educated here, who are not exclusively sons of the citizens. Some few come from the country, and five out of the whole were children of noble parents, but generally their parents occupy the middle ranks of society, and they are chiefly intended for the learned professions. They were generally between...
الصفحة 64 - The farmers of these estates are bauers or peasants, who hold from ten to eighty acres each, at old fixed rents and services long since established, and which the landlord has no power to alter. " It may be from this cause that so few nobles reside in the country. They have in truth no land but what is occupied by other people. The use of these small portions of land on certain conditions, is the property of the occupier, which he can sell, as the stipulated rent and services are the property of...
الصفحة 141 - The cargo of the raft on which I passed from Munich to Vienna was nothing but trees, deals and three bales of goods; yet we were frequently detained both in Bavaria and Austria for hours to have it examined.