"creed," the writer proceeds to say, " which "this political Mahommed hints at himself; and "suffers his Infidel bishops and his flatterers to "proclaim *"

Like Herod, he permitted himself to be addressed in terms that amounted to blasphemy. In 1809 some deputies from the new Italian departments were admitted to an audience, and used the following language: "The destinies "of the whole world, they told him, were con"fided by the Almighty to his impenetrable

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views, to the supreme power of his genius, "to the miraculous exploits of his arms. Hence

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a new order of things, already written in the "books of the Eternal, was prepared for their "country. In the necessity in which he was "to overthrow, to destroy, to disperse, all ene"mies, as the wind dissipates the dust, he was "not an exterminating angel; but he was the

being that extends his thoughts, and measures "the face of the earth, to re-establish happi"ness upon a better and surer basis. He was "destined before all ages to be the man of "God's right hand; the sovereign master of all "things." "Language of more idolatrous ado"ration," it is observed," was never listened

* Edinburgh Annual Register, 1809, p. 529.

"to by the frantic Caligula. It was not, how

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ever, too gross for the Tyrant to whom it was "addressed; and he applauded it in his reply *." Thus he spake, and permitted others to speak, "marvellous things against the God of Gods." "The scene also which the Jews had enacted at "Paris under his command," it is observed,

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appeared to have more meaning than was "avowed. It was little likely that he should "have convened their deputies to answer ques"tions which he needed not have asked, or to "lend their sanction to a conscription which "required no other sanction than that of his own merciless tyranny. And though doubt"less the deputies indulged gratuitously in impious adulations, yet it was apparent, that in some of their blasphemies they echoed the "known pretensions of the adventurer whom "they addressed. In their hall of meeting,

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they placed the imperial eagle over the ark "of the covenant, and blended the cyphers of Napoleon and Josephine with the unutterable "name of God. This was French flattery in "Jewish costume. In their addresses they ap

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plied to him the prophecies of Isaiah and "Daniel, calling him the Lord's anointed "Cyrus!' The living image of the Divinity!"

Edinburgh Annual Register for 1808, p. 417.

"The only mortal after God's own heart, to "whom he had intrusted the fate of nations, "because he alone could govern them with "wisdom.' These expressions," it is observed, "resembled but too much the profane language of his Infidel Bishops, and of his own

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proclamations.-Nothing was too impious for "this man-nothing too frantic." After this it only remained, as the crowning act of his impiety and blasphemy, that he should assume the name of God himself; and this we find he did, for it is publicly known, that he desired to be addressed by the title, VOTRE PROVIDENCE: and that he was offended with those who disdained or feared to give him that appellation. Of this fact I can only speak from common report; but I know, from unquestionable authority, that this title was applied to him by one of his ministers, who, at a public dinner, gave the health of his Emperor in the following terms:

Napoleon, L'ami des hommes, et LA PROVI

DENCE DU MONDE." Thus did the Infidel Power, claiming to himself the attributes, and even the name of the Divinity, speak marvellous things against the God of Gods. But this career of wickedness was at length to have an end; and the vengeance of the insulted majesty of God, which it had formerly been declared, must, on account of his impiety," sooner or later over

"take him," was now about to overwhelm him in destruction. Exposed to the severities of a Russian winter, his army, which only six months before was the largest and the best equipped of any we read of in modern times, was so completely destroyed, that out of more than 400,000 men that entered Russia, not more than 25,000 (exclusive of the Austrians) repassed the Niemen; out of 100,000 horses scarcely one survived; and of 1,200 pieces of cannon, it is said, that, not a single gun was again carried by the fugitives across the barrier stream †.

Buonaparte, however, on his return to France, having used every exertion to collect a fresh army, obliged the allied Russians and Prussians, at the commencement of the campaign of the year 1813, to fall back beyond Dresden, which place he occupied. An armistice was then agreed upon, and negotiations were carried on, under the mediation of Austria. These however, did not lead to a peace; and on the 11th of August, the Court of Vienna declared in favour of the Allies, and issued a manifesto against France. In the month of October, Buonaparte, apprehending that his

* Edinburgh Annual Register, 1810, p. 529.

† See Narrative of the Campaign in Russia during the year 1812, by Sir Robert Ker Porter.

communications with France might be cut off, fell back to the neighbourhood of Leipsic, where on the 16th the allied army made a general attack upon him, which was repeated on the 18th, when he lost 40,000 men and 65 pieces of artillery, and was obliged to make a precipitate retreat into France. In the month of December, 1813, the Allies crossed the Rhine, and France itself was the scene of the campaign of the year 1814. In this campaign va rious actions were fought, and Buonaparte having incautiously left the road to Paris open to the Allies, they immediately marched towards it; and having gained a victory under its walls, entered it by capitulation on the 31st of March. On the next day the Senate met, and, decreeing that Napoleon had ceased to reign, formed a provisional government. In consequence of these transactions, Napoleon, by a deed dated at Fontainbleau, the 6th of April, 1814, abdicated the thrones of France and Italy; and it having been settled that he should reside in the island of Elba, formerly belonging to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, he left Fontainbleau on the 20th of April for that place, under an escort, and in the charge of commissioners appointed by the several allied Powers.

Thus Buonaparte having prospered till the