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SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE
By IRWIN EDMAN
Printed for the use of the Students of Columbia College
PARTS I AND II
NEW YORK
1919
Copyright, Columbia University, 1919
THE ARBOR PRESS, INC. DOUGLAS C. MCMURTRIE
NEW YORK CITY
The Human Animal.-The Number and Variety of Man's
Instincts. Learning in Animals and Men.-The Pro-
longed Period of Infancy.-Consciousness of Self and
Reaction to Ideas.-Human Beings Alone Posses Lan-
guage. Man the Only Maker and User of Tools.
CHAPTER II
TYPES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND THEIR SOCIAL
SIGNIFICANCE.-INSTINCT AND HABIT
Instinctive Behaviour.-The Necessity for the Control
of Instinct.-Repression of Instinct.-Instincts and Hap-
piness. Caprice Versus Control.-Habitual Behaviour.
-The Mechanism of Habit.-The Acquisition of New
Modes of Response.-Trial and Error and Deliberate
Learning. Some Conditions of Habit-Formation.—
Drill Versus Attentive Repetition in Learning.—Learn-
ing Affected by Age, Fatigue, and Health.-Habit as a
Time Saver.-Habit as a Stabilizer of Action.-The
Danger of Disserviceable Habits in the Individual.-
Social Inertia.-The Importance of the Learning Habit.
-The Specificity of Habits.-Education and Habit For-
mation.-The Conscious Transference of Habits.
CHAPTER III
SIGNIFICANCE, REFLECTION AND EMOTION
Instinct and Habit Versus Reflection.-Illustration of
the Reflective Process.-Reflection as the Modifier of
Instinct.-Reflective Behaviour Modifies Habit.—The
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