in each room. apparatus.

Under the entire operating room is a cellar for heating

The bacteriological laboratory proper is on the N. W. corner of the building, and the exact duplicate of the operating room. Opening into this is one of the packing rooms, 10x16 feet; also the fireproof room for incubators, etc., 12x14 feet.

Between operating room and stable is another packing room 10x12 feet, splendidly lighted and ventilated, with glass tables and all conveniences for properly handling the fresh virus.

A passage way 4 feet wide, 10 feet long and 10 feet high connects stable and operating room. This passage way is closed at all times save during actual passage of animals or workers.

The stable proper is 24x33 feet, ceiling 10 feet high, walls and ceiling finished in enamel plaster, cement floor sloping in various directions to bell traps, five in number, provides for thorough and frequent flushing, and in rear of stalls are deep gutters. Stable is lighted by means of two 6x8 feet skylights, six windows 2x3 feet placed at ceiling level to aid ventilation, two 4x6.6 inch doors, one 8x6.6 inch door, glass panes. To provide for thorough and free ventilation in addition to windows and doors, there are built into walls flues extending through roof like chimneys. In stable there are six of these chimneys, each 6x14 inches; also six in shafts leading from ceiling to large ventilator in roof; combined shafts having an area of 26 square feet. Fresh air is led into stable from the outside, in fire clay ducts, and during cold weather warmed before being delivered in stable.

The only wood work in stable is that necessary for stall partitions and supports. This is of selected North Carolina pine, well filled and thoroughly varnished. The stable may at all times be said to be entirely free from odor. Cattle are fed in galvanized iron pails, which are kept thoroughly cleansed. Excelsior of fanned planer mill shavings are used for bedding, and they have never had an infected vesicle. All wood work throughout building, save stall partitions, is finished in white enamel paint, and no wood is used save where indispensable, and where used is perfectly plain. At the present time there are stalls for about 24 head of cattle, each fitted with rotary stanchions.

The animals used are carefully selected from neighboring farms and are hired for the occasion. They are carefully taken care of while in the establishment, the stables being dry, warm and thoroughly ventilated. The utmost cleanliness is observed in and about the stalls. Comparatively young heifers are preferred. In operating, the animal is laid upon its right side on a table constructed for the purpose, the right hind leg being secured firmly to the table, and the left to an upright behind the back. The surface inoculated is the posterior portion of the abdomen around the udder and

the inside of the thighs. No antiseptics are used, but the surface is thoroughly cleansed with a pure soap manufactured on the place and sterilized water, which again is scrupulously washed off with sterilized water. The scarification is made by needle points inserted in a wooden handle, and the operation is performed with great rapidity.

Owing to the complete cleanliness of the surroundings, the purity of the atmosphere and the careful aseptic precautions which are taken, the animals present little or no febrile reaction and pus is not developed. The German method of mixing the pulp with glycerine is followed, that being the product which Dr. Slee places the greatest reliance upon. After the removal of the pulp layer, however, points are also charged with the lymph. The glycerole is placed in small Sternberg bulbs which are then sealed up. The product being at the extreme upper end of the tube, is not affected by the heat used in sealing the extremity. One advantage of the Sternberg bulb is, that after breaking off the tip of the small extremity the virus can be forced out simply by holding the bulb in the hand, the heat of the hand being sufficient to expel it.

The operator and his assistants sterilize their hands, wear white canvass clothing, and take every precaution to prevent contamination of the product during the process of taking.

The results so far obtained from the use of this virus have been very favorable. I may say that it is at present being used experimentally by the Board of Health of the city of Philadelphia, and that the reports of the vaccine physicians show that it is both more active and less irritating than the New England products previously used by them. I feel that the Board and State ought to be congratulated upon having a second establishment for this purpose within the borders of the Commonwealth which may be safely said to be superior to any others in the country.

In packing, a sterilized needle and a small piece of sterilized bass wood are placed with the tube, the instructions being that these shall be immediately destroyed after using. On each package is placed the date of the product with a statement both as to the earliest time at which it will be desirable to use the virus and the length of time during which it can be relied upon as being thoroughly effective,

INSPECTION NEAR YORK.

By I. C. Gable, Medical Inspector, on Account of Bone Boiling and Fat Rendering Establishment and Pollution of Tyler's Run.

To the Secretary of the State Board of Health:

Sir: I have the honor to report that in compliance with instructions received from you July 6, 1898, I inspected, on July 11, 1898, Tyler's Run and J. W. B's bone boiling and fat rendering establishment, which is situated in a ravine about one mile southeast of York, on or near the banks of the above named small and crooked stream, which is about one and one-half miles long and empties into the Codorus creek; thence, with the waters of the Codorus, flows through York.

I also visited and investigated on the same day a depository of dead animals which is owned by the same individual and which is located about one-third mile east of the first named establishment. Both establishments are located on land leased from Wm. F. by J. W. B.

The depository is a small board shanty where horses and other animals are taken and killed, and after the skin is removed the remains are taken to the bone boiling and fat rendering establishment, which is a comparatively cheap and badly constructed frame building with two compartments, in one of which is a small and very imperfect digester for boiling and disintegrating animal tissue and for fat rendering. The other compartment is a storage room for phosphates.

The establishment has soil bottom, no steam tight boiler, and no furnace for consuming condensed vapors, or any other efficient apparatus for preventing or counteracting the offensive effluvia.

On an average, about six horses are boiled weekly in this establishment, as well as a number of cows and other animals, together with the offal of about one-half of the slaughter houses in York.

The vapors are very improperly cared for; offal is carelessly thrown about and the juices are allowed to saturate the soil which altogether causes a smell, or stench that is almost or quite unbearable in or near the building.

My investigation disclosed the fact that a considerable number of residents whose homes are from a quarter to a half mile away have

been very much annoyed by the obnoxious odors. Tyler's run is so seriously polluted with decomposed blood and filthy grease that the farmers are afraid to graze horses and cattle in the meadow lands through which the creek meanders.

In my judgment, the depository of dead animals, as well as the bone boiling and fat rendering establishment is a nuisance, which is prejudicial to the public health and in its present locality and condition should be unconditionally condemned and removed, nor alone because of its extremely unsanitary condition but by reason, furthermore, that the proprietor of the establishments has violated an important provision of the State Health Board regulation by having commenced and carried on his operations without my knowledge and without the necessary preliminary inspection on the part of your County Medical Inspector of the locality, buildings and apparatus and of the plans for conducting the business, all of which is necessary before granting a permit, which has never been granted by the local board of health.

I also this day, made an inspection of the York Crematory, which is quite sanitary and very satisfactory, and in an interview which I had with William A. Heffner, sanitary engineer, who has charge of this establishment, I was assured that he can readily dispose of all our city garbage, butchers' offal and dead animals without creating any offensive smells which would be in the least objectionable.

INSPECTION AT NEW FLORENCE.

By B. B. Hammer, Medical Inspector, on Account of Nuisance.

Greensburg, Pa., July 13, 1898.

Dr. Benjamin Lee, Secretary State Board of Health, Philadelphia, Pa.: Dear Sir: In compliance with your notice of July 7, 1898, I visited New Florence and investigated the case of Mr. J. A., and find his premises filthy. Foul odors from decomposing animal matter prevails to such an extent that neither they nor their neighbors are safe. I took evidence from the latter, all of whom claim the offensive odors prevent them having open windows or doors, and diarrhoea among their children is common.

Dr. J. H. L., a local physician, also claims it is the source of trouble. It has existed for about three months. Mr. A, removes

animal matter from the local butcher shop and slaughter houses and from what I saw he evidently boils part of it, rendering soap fat and parts not fat he places in barrels. This he feeds to two hogs which he is preparing for market, consequently the pig pen, the pigs and surrounding grounds are saturated with blood, partially decomposed animal matter and filth. There is no doubt the present condition constitutes a nuisance. He promised to remedy the matter by cleaning up and disinfecting, which I believe will end the trouble. Mr. A's place is at Centreville, Indiana county, Pa.. This is not a bor ough, and separated from New Florence by the Conemaugh river. I also talked to the butcher about the matter; he promised to give Mr. A. no more truck, as he called it. I also met members of the New Florence borough council, who will try and organize a borough board of health, and the president of the present council, D. C. Hoover, Esq., requests that you send him proper instruction for that purpose. Also would ask that you urge the forming of a board of health. New Florence at present is a very healthy mountain town, supplied with good well water. The surface is rather flat for good drainage. They have been fortunate in that epidemic diseases seldom prevail, peculiarly though, when diphtheria prevails it is a malignant type, also tuberculosis is not uncommon. If there is any further trouble Mr. J. St. C. promises to report it.

INSPECTION OF LEHIGH COUNTY ALMSHOUSE.

By W. H. Boardman, Engineer Inspector, on Account of Polluted Water Supply.

Philadelphia, July 30, 1898.

Benjamin Lee, M. D., Secretary State Board of Health of Pennsyl

vania:

Dear Sir: Pursuant to your instructions I made, on 28th inst., a careful sanitary inspection of the appliances, buildings, yards and grounds of the Lehigh County Almshouse, near Allentown, particularly as to the pollution of the waters of Cedar creek, into which its drainage and sewage is discharged, this creek being tributary to the water supply of Allentown.

This institution, which can accommodate from 300 to 350, had on 13--19--98