To accommodate the labourers, and their fami- The population, which had been brought tolies, a village was built, and the houses were let at a gether to New Lanark, could not be expected to low rent; and for the children, a large house was be of the best quality, and accordingly Mr. Owen erected, sufficient for five hundred, who were fed, found them much given to petty theft, falsehood, clothed, and educated. The rooms were always and deception, drunkeness and quarrelling, but at olean and well ventilated; the food was of the the same time, strongly attached to speculative qest quality, and abundant; their clothes were sectarian doctrines, which was the cause of much neat and clean, and a medical attendant was kept wrangling and dispute, whilst they too much nein constant pay, both for preventing, and curing glected the virtuous conduct, which it is the obdisease. Notwithstanding this care on the part ject of religion to produce. As Mr. Owen came of the proprietor, his plans of benevolence were himself to settle at the establishment, which the not successful; and numbers of the children ran former proprietor had not been able to do, he away, or at the conclusion of their apprentice-applied the whole force of his talents and expeship, at from thirteen to fifteen years of age, be-rience, with an ardent zeal for the real welfare of took themselves to Edinburgh and Glasgow, the people he employed, to eradicate their vices, where, being unable to provide for themselves, and render them sober, honest, and mutually bethey were assailed by numberless temptations, to which many of them fell victims. nevolent members of society. This was done without any appeal to the criminal jurisdiction of the country, by mildly exhibiting to them a true view of their own interest, and by discharging from his employment such characters as after time, appeared irreclaimable. The great cause of failure arose from the Directors of the public charities, refusing, out of a mistaken idea of economy, to send the children to the Cotton-mills, unless they would be receiv-a ed at six, seven, or eight years of age, and the The system of receiving apprentices from pubproprietor was obliged to accede to these terms, lic charities was abolished; permanent settlers, or stop his mills altogether. with large families in lieu of them were engaged, To defray the expenses of the establishment, and comfortable houses were erected for their acand obtain a reasonable profit on the capital em-commodation. It deserves to be stated to the ployed, it was necessary to keep the children at honour of Mr. Owen, that by his representations work from six in the morning to seven in the to the legislature, in 1816, the system of taking evening, summer and winter: and this labour children from the workhouses, and public charithrough the day, and the confinement in school ties at a very early age, was put an end to by act in the evening, rendered their lives irksome to of Parliament. In his own establishment, Mr. them; and their health in many cases suffered, Owen declined receiving the services of any childand they became dwarfs in body and mind, and in ren, even of those whose parents he employed, some cases deformed. Hence the cause of many till they were ten years of age. He advised the running away, and the rest, at the expiration of parents to keep them at school till that time, and their apprenticeship, betaking themselves to for their encouragement, he defrayed the expense great towns, in hopes of a less disagreeable mode of their education himself, by maintaining a of gaining a living.-The consequence was, that school for that purpose. The business of educaMr. Dale's benevolent intentions were totally tion was so arranged, as to combine pleasure frustrated, and, in despair, he sold the whole es- and instruction together; and such branches of tablishment to a company of English merchants, knowledge in addition to the common routine of one of whom was Mr. Robert Owen, who under- reading, writing, and arithmetic, were also taught took the management as were considered likely to improve their minds, and furnish them in future life with a fund of rational materials of thinking. two stories above the cellars, as both the upper rows of windows belong to the second or upper For the advantage of the population about him, story. Mr. Owen established shops, in which provisions, One apartment, on the lower story, is a pu' l'c fuel, and clothing were sold to them, at a mode-kitchen, for the community; the other, which is rate rate, which he was enabled to do, by carry-two-thirds of the length of the building, is an ing a large capital in ready money to the first eating and exercise room. The upper apartment market. The houses were rendered comfortable, and the streets of the village improved. A fund was formed for the support of persons unable to maintain themselves from sickness, accident, or old age, by the work-people contributing one sixtieth part of their wages. This fund was under their own management. Fines for immoral conduct were levied, and paid into this fund. By these means the community of New Lanark was raised to a degree of excellence, beyond what could have been anticipated. The people employed became industrious, temperate and healthy faithful to their employers, and kind to each other; whilst their employers were deriving service from their attachment, almost with out inspection, far beyond that which could be obtained by any other means, without those mutual principles of confidence and kindness existing between the parties. After Mr. Owen had succeeded so far in his views, he proceeded to form, what he called a New Institution. He erected a large building in the centre of the establishment, with an area before it as a play-ground for the children of the villagers, from the time they are able to walk alone, till they enter the school, when they are under the care of a superintendant; this is a great relief to the parents. The children attending the school from five to ten years of age, also are admitted into the area during play hours. A shed is erected for protection from the weather in time of rain or snow. Part of their amusement is drilling in the military exercise. The building is 150 feet long and 45 broad. In front it has the appearance of three stories, while on the opposite side, where the store cellars are, it has the appearance of four. There are, however, but serves the purpose of school-rooms, a lectureroom, and a church. The public kitchen and eating room is a substantial advantage, as food can be prepared to more advantage, of better quality, and much cheaper in large than in small quantities. The association of the people toge ther at their meals has a tendency to attach them to each other, and invigorate principles of mutual benevolence. In the winter, when the inhabitants can neither comfortably spend their leisure hours in walking, or in their gardens, other amusements are provi`led. After seven in the evening, they make themselves clean and neat, and come to the exercise-room, to dancing, the males entering and retiring by one door, and the females by another. [This takes place three times a week. In the ocher evenings lectures are given on pleasing and instructive branches of knowledge. Such is New Lanark. The general appearance of neatness and comfort in the village makes a strong impression on every visitor and the benevolent plans of the proprietor and manager have succeeded to such a degree, as must afford delight to every one who takes an interest in the happiness of his fellow creatures, and looks forward with a hope to a time, when the condition of the laborious classes of the community will be raised to a state of improvement far beyond what has hitherto been generally the case. MISTRESS STONE. In the face of the rock, south from the town in St. Kilda, is the famous stone known by the name of the Mistress Stone; it resembles a door exactly, and is in the very front of this rock, which is twenty or thirty fathom perpendicular in height, the figure of it being discernible about the recover Berwick, made preparations for sustaining | pected, they_marched away in a body, and took a siege, and assembled his own kindred and vas-possession of a hill above the town of Burntisland, sals to aid him in the discharge of his trust. ANDREW LUMSDEN. continuing firm to their purpose, but abstaining from all violence; and when several other young soldiers wished to join them, perhaps as much for the sake of the frolic as of any thing else, This gentleman, of the family of Cushnie, was they ordered them back to their quarters, telling about the person of the young pretender, the day them they had no cause of complaint, and no of the battle of Culloden, and after the flight re-claims to be adjusted, and that therefore they ceived from him a message, thanking him for his ought to obey their officers, and do their duty, fidelity and courage, and desiring him to provide and leave them, the Highlanders, to answer for for his own safety. He went abroad, and resided their conduct. Things remained in this state for many years at Rome, which he has described in some days. The Highlanders regularly sending of Rome and its Environs." This book cannot his celebrated work," Remarks on the Antiquities parties to the town for their provisions, and paybe too highly praised, and its merits can be besting punctually for what they procured. It hapappreciated by him who has used it as his guide pened fortunately that the regiment was at that in the survey of the magnificent remains of the capital of the world. Mr. Lumsden afterwards passed many years at Paris, in the first literary circles, in the reign of Lewis XVI. His amiable manners rendered him every where welcome. He died in his eighty-first year, at Aberdeen, December 26th, 1802, on a visit to his native city, at the house of John M'Gowan, Esq., who had been the friend and companion of his youth. MACDONALD'S HIGHLANDERS, OR SEVENTY SIXTH REGIMENT. time commanded by Major Alexander Donaldson, than conciliating. Born in the Highlands, he had an officer of great experience, and not less firm served nineteen years in the forty-second regiment, and understood perfectly the peculiar habits Lieutenant Robert Barclay, the paymaster, an and dispositions of his countrymen, and aided by investigation took place, and every man's claim was clearly made out. When this statement was laid before Lord Macdonald, on his arrival, he advanced the money claimed by the soldiers, which amounted to a considerable sum, taking upon himself the risk of recovering it from those whose In the year 1779, this corps was ordered up conduct had nearly ruined a brave and honourable from Fort George for embarkation, and quartered body of men, as they afterwards proved themin Burntisland and Kinghorn. Soon after they ar-selves to be. The result shows how this act of rived there, great numbers of the Highlanders insubordination was thought of; for no man was were observed in parties in earnest conversation. brought to a trial, or even put in confinement, and In the evening of the third day each company when all was settled, they embarked with the gave in a written statement, complaining of non-greatest alacrity. performance of promises of bounty money, unpaid, &c. and accompanied their statement with a declaration, that till these were satisfactorily set- Queen Caroline was so much incensed at the tled they would not embark. They requested at conduct of the Scots in the affair of Captain Por the same time that Lord Macdonald, the chief and teus, that she threatened to turn Scotland into a patron of the regiment, should be sent for to see hunting-park. The duke of Argyle replied "Then, justice done to them. An answer not having been please your Majesty, it is time I were gone down returned soon enough, or in the manner they ex-to collect my hounds." SPIRITED REPLY OF THE DUKE OF ARGYLE. HIGHLAND TENURE. It was only in modern times that the Highland chiefs deigned to accept charters for their lands; and they preferred the pride of holding them by the valour of their clans. Macdonald, of Keppoch, after charters came in use, refused to comply with the custom, saying he did not choose to hold his land in a sheep-skin. This proud independence proved unfortunate for his family, as it prevented their recovery of their lands, lost on account of their conduct in 1745, after the general pardon and amnesty had been granted. The estates went to a distant branch. ROB ROY. Robert Macgregor Campbell was a younger son of Mr. Macgregor of Glengyle, (a respectable family in Perthshire,) by a daughter of Campbell of Glenlyon, sister to the commander at the massacre of Glenco. He was born some time between 1657 and 1660, and married Helen Campbell, of the family of Glenfalloch. As cattle was at that period the principal marketable produce of the hills, the younger sons of gentlemen had few other means of procuring an independent subsistence, than by engaging in this sort of traffic. with Rob Roy, who was to purchase the cattle, he advancing an equal sum; (10,000 merks each, Macgregor returned home, and went to the duke, to settle the account of their partnership, and to pay the money advanced, with the deduction of the loss. The duke, it is said, would consent to no deduction, but insisted upon principal and interest. "In that case, my lord," said Macgregor, "if these be your principles, I shall not make it my principle to pay the interest, nor my interest to pay the principal; so that if your Grace do not stand your share of the loss, you will have no money from me." On this they separated. No settlement of accounts followed; the one insisting on retaining the money unless the other would consent to bear his share of the loss. Nothing decisive was done, till the rebellion of 1715, when Rob Roy "was out," his nephew Glengyle commanding a numerous body of the Macgregors, but under the control of his uncle's superior judgment and experience. On this occasion the duke of Montrose's share of the cattle speculation was expended. The next year his Grace took legal means to recover his money, and got possession of the lands of Craigrostane, on account of his debt. This rendered Macgregor desperate. Determined that his Grace should not Previously to the Union, no cattle had been enjoy his lands with impunity, he collected a permitted to pass the English border. As a boon, band of about twenty followers, declared open or encouragement, however, to conciliate the peo- war against him, and gave up his whole course of ple to that measure, a free intercourse was allowed. regular droving, declaring that the estate of MonThe marquis of Montrose, created duke the same trose should in future supply him with cattle, and year, one of the most zealous partizans of the that he would make the duke rue the day he quarUnion, was the first to take advantage of this pri-relled with him. He kept his word; and for vilege, and immediately entered into partnership nearly thirty years, that is, till the day of his At an early period Rob Roy was one of the most respectable and successful drovers in his district. Before the year 1707, he had purchased of the family of Moutrose, the lands of Craigrostane, on the banks of Lochlomond, and had relieved some heavy debts on his nephew's estate of Glengyle. While in this prosperous state he continued respected for his honourable dealings, both in the Lowlands and Highlands. out spies to observe the enemy, and gave their orders to all the officers. But when the troops were in castles and garrisons, his authority did not extend to them. In points of honour he exercised a superior jurisdiction, holding courts of chivalry, and regulating the ceremonial of those duels in which pride and virtue vindicated their rights and dignity from rudeness and insult. All disorders and riots, bloodshed and slaughters, which were committed, and took place, within four miles of the king's person, of the parliament, and of the privy-council, were judged and punished by him. Military contracts, and customs of arms, were proper objects of his cognizance; and he had powers of action in all matters connected with war, in which the common law could afford no assistance. Though inferior in rank to the constable, the mareschal was of great dignity; the constable presided over the whole army; the mareschal was master of the horse. In the court of chivalry they were judges, and decided there concerning matters of honour and of arms. In the camp, and in the field, they united their councils to direct the troops, and to perform with success the duties of commanders. Sir Gilbert Hay, of Errol, received from king Robert Bruce a grant of hereditary right in the office of High-constable, which is still enjoyed by this family. The constable, in addition to his other duties, regulated, with the assistance of the mareschal, the procession at the opening of the parliament, and also kept order during its sitting, for which purpose he had guards, and he took his seat in the lower part of the house, near the door. SCOTTISH ADMIRALS. During the late war many Scotsmen rose to great eminence in the naval service of the country. Admiral Duncan gained the great victory over the Dutch, off Camperdown, 11th October, 1797, for which he was raised to the peerage. Lord Cochrane, besides many other splendid enterprises, gloriously defeated the French in Basque | Roads, and destroyed several of their ships.-A Dutch fleet surrendered to admiral Mitchell.Admiral Keith, for his services, was raised to the peerage.-Lord Northesk was one of the admirals at the battle of Trafalgar.-Sir Robert Calder took four ships of the line from the enemy. In addition to these were many eminent officers in subordinate rank. England, with six times the population, which, therefore, ought to furnish six times as many eminent naval heroes, could not easily furnish double the number. LYKEWAKE. The lykewake, or watching a dead body, in itself a melancholy office, is rendered, in the idea of the assistants, more dismally awful, by the mysterious horrors of superstition. In the interval betwixt death and interment, this disembodied spirit is supposed to hover around its mortal habitation; and if invoked by certain rites, retains the power of communicating, through its organs, the cause of its dissolution. Such enquiries are always dangerous, and never to be resorted to unless the deceased is suspected to have suffered foul play, as it is called. It is the most unsafe to tamper with this charm in an authorized manner, because the inhabitants of the infernal regions are at such periods peculiarly active. One of the most potent ceremonies in the charm for causing the dead body to speak, is setting the door ajar, or half open. On this account the peasants of Scotland carefully avoid leaving the door ajar, while a corpse lies in the house. The door must be left either wide open, or quite shut; but the first is always preferred, on account of the exercise of hospitality usual on such occasions. The attendants must be likewise careful never to leave the corpse for a moment alone, or if it is left alone, to avoid, with a degree of superstitious horror, the first sight of it. The following story, which is frequently related by the peasants of Scotland, will illustrate the imaginary danger of the leaving the door ajar. In former times, a man and his wife lived in a |