Biennial Report

Flexner, Simon, medical achievement of, 64.
Flinders-Petri, W. M., cited, 97.
Flint, Joseph M., 114.
Flourens's law, 112.
Food preservatives, 82, 95.
Foods, question of the best, 87.
Forel, cited, 93.
Foresight, importance of, 126.
France, duration of life in, 16; increase in

length of life in, 18; death rate of, 20;
bounties offered in, to increase population,
51; attention to school hygiene in, 72; ex.
periment in education of working people in
subject of hygiene in, 79-81; degeneration
in, from use of absinthe, 89; rate of length-

ening of life in, 102.
Frankfort-on-Main, death rate in, 22.
Franklin, Benjamin, on colds, 85,
Fresh-air school for children, 76.
Fromont, L. G., cited, 46.

Galton, Sir Francis, founder of science of eu-

genics, 15, 49, 50, 54.
Garbage removal, municipal and legislative

regulation of, 56, 128.
Gardens, school, 77-78.
Garlanda, work by, 72.
Garner, James W., cited, 62.
Gasquet, Abbot, cited, 24.
Gastritis, 39, 105.
Gautier, cited 43.
General practice of physicians, 65; progress

being made in, 66.
Geneva, life records in, 17.
Germany, death rate of, 20; lowering of death

rates in cities of, 24; attention to school
hygiene in, 72; morbidity among school
children in, 74; cost of school dental clinic

in, 123. See Prussia.
Germ origin of diseases, 67,
Germ theory, application of, to surgery, 65.
Girls, ill health among, in schools, 74.
Gladstone, W. E., example of, 86.
Glasgow, death rate in, affected by conditions,

22.
Glover, J. W., cited, 108 n. b.
Goler, George W., quoted, 57-58, 72.
Gonorrhea, invalidity from, 35-36; serious re-

sults of, 93-94.
Gonorrheal contamination, decrease in, due to

antisepsis, 66.
Gore, John K., cited, 24.
Gorgas. W. C., cited, 25, 31; quoted on prac-

tical extinction of malaria in Habana, 32.
Gouge, H. Dillon, figures by, 89.
Gould, George M., quoted and cited, 75, 125:

estimate of, on loss from preventable sick.

ness and death, 120.
Graham. Edward E., cited, 25, 97.
Grant, Percy Stickney, quoted, 78.
Graves, cited, 55.
Great Britian, morbidity among school children

in, 74; death rates in, 99; worth of capital.

ized human labor in, 117. See Englanıl.
Greeks, athletics among the ancient, 91; racial

degeneration among, caused by malaria, 99.

100.
Grenfell, Labrador missionary, quoted, 80.
Grip, caused by foul air in railway and street

Habana, vital records of, 25; smallpox and

vaccination in, 30; decrease in death rate
from yellow fever in, 30-31; practical ex.

tinction of malaria in, 32.
Hague, The, death rate in, 22.
Hall, G. Stanley, cited, 67, 92.
Hamburg, lowering of typhoid fever death rate

in, 28.
Harrington, Charles, cited, 57.
Hartford, death rate in, 21.
Hawaiians, an example of race extinction due

to immorality, 101.
Haydock, cited, 108 n.b.
Hayward, calculations of, 108 n.b, 113.
Hazen's theorem, 35, 110, 121.
Headache, 39, 75, 86.
Health, expressions of great men concerning,

48; viewed as wealth, 124; morality and,

correlative or interchangeable terms, 125.
Health day, proposed, 78.
Health officers, public, 55-56, 65, 128.
Health week, 78.
Heart disease, increase in death rate frou, 27,

32; cause of increase of, 98; possible pro.
longation of life by elimination of, 104,

105.
Henderson, C. R., 95.
Heredity, human vitality dependent on, 49.
Herter, C. A., cited, 42, 87; quoted, 78.
Higgins, Hubert, 46n.a; quoted and cited, 79,

80, 86.
Hirt, statistics by, 38.
Hoffman, Frederick L., cited, 23, 28, 32, 37,

101; quoted, 26.
Hohenzollern family, 53.
Holmes, G. K., cited, 87.
Holt, L. Emmett, estimates by, 113n.b, 114,
Home economics, science of, 71, 88.
Homes commission, 81.
Hook-worm disease, 35, 60; shortening of life

by, 110; preventability of, 113n.b; money

losses from, 122.
Hospitals, establishment of contagious, 70.
House fly, danger of infection from typhoidl

from, 29, 57.
Houses, air in, 84-85.
Howard, L. O., 29; cited, 32, 35, 57; ou pre-

valence of malaria in United States, 35;
report by, quoted, 99; estimates hy. 114;

on cost of malaria, annually, 120.
Howe, Charles 5n.d.
Huber, John, cited, 34, 88.
Huddersfield, lowering of infant mortality rate

in, 121.
Humboldt, Alexander von, 33, 41, 82, 83.
Humphreys, cited, 30, 36.
Hungary, death rate from smallpox in, 29.
Hunniston, quoted, 94n.b.
Hurty, J. N., quoted, 52.
Hydrotherapy, 66, 90, 96.
Hygiene, classification of, in three groups; pul.

lic, semipublic, and personal, 55; division
of public, into municipal, State, and fede:
ral. 56; municipal ordinances along line of
public. 56-59; municipal should be supple-
mented by State, 59; State, comprises re-
gulation of woman and child labor, length
of working day, industrial accidents, and
tenements, 59-61; federal, 61-64; semipub-
lic, defined. 64; use of, in the medical pro-
fession, 65-70; displacement of medicines
and serums by, 66; institutional, 70-72;
mental, 70-71; of school life, 72-79; or.
ganizations devoted to promoting, 79-81;
importance of personal, 82; three branches
of personal; hygiene of environment, of

cars, 62.

Guinea pigs, effects of bad air on, 85.
Gulick, Luther H., quoted and cited, 40, 74, 75.

120, 123.
Gymnasia, establishment of, 15, 78.

many, 123.

nutrition, and of activity, 83; of environ.
ment, 84-86; of nutrition, 86-88; avoidance
of poisons the first rule of, 88; activity,
90-92; sex, 92-95; value of imitation to
progress in, 96; question of science of, con.
Aicting with science of eugenics, 97-101;
effect of, on man's working period, 109;
national, State, and municipal measures to
be taken tending toward, 126-128; impor.
tance of observance of personal, and of
study and practice of eugenics, 129.

Jevons, W. Stanley, cited, 60.
Jessen, on cost of school dental clinic in Ger.
Johnson, G. Woodruff, cited, 74.
Jordan, David Starr, cited, 54n.d.
Jordan, Edwin 0., 114.
Juke family, 53.

Kant, example of, 82.
Kastle, Jos. H., cited, 29.
Keating, “Mother and Child" by, 73.
Keller, Albert G., "Eugenics" by, 54n.d
Kellog, J. H., cited, 90, 114, 120.
Kipiani, Varia, cited, 43.
Kirkpatrick, cited, 75.
Kober, George M., cited, 17, 24, 29, 38, 58, 59;

on annual cost of typhoid, 120.
Koch, extermination of htheria in Trier by,

113n.b
Kraeplin, cited, 72,
Krupp, example of, 126.
Kuropatkin, cited 100.

Idiots, sterilization of, 52, 129.
Igorots, teeth of, 95n.a.
Illness, statistics of, 34; money cost of, 119-120.

See Invalidity,
Imitation, value of power of, to hygienic pro-

gress, 96; force, among children, 96-97.
Immigrants, money value of, 118.
Immigration, death rate in America modified by,

19.
Immorality, race extinction resulting from, 101.
India, duration of life in, 16; no increase in

length of life in, 19, 102; death rate of, 20.
Indiana, prohibition in, of undesirable mar.

riages, 52; sterilization of criininals and
defectives in, 52; example of, should be

followed, 129.
Indians, an example of race extinction due to

immorality, 101.
Industrial insurance, statistics from, 23.
Infants, lowering of death rate among, 25, 27;

reduction in mortality of, by pure-milk sud-
ply, 58, 121; question of benefit of prolong-
ing lives of, 97-98; high mortality rate

among, tends to stunt all life, 99.
Information, governmental dissemination of, 62,

127.
Insane, prolongation of lives of the, 52, 53, 97;

money cost of, annually, 120.
Insanity, increase of, 36, 97; checking of, 70;

relation of drinking to, 88; resulting from

venereal diseases, 93.
Insect-borne diseases, 57, 67; money cost of, 120;

measures against, should be taken by munici-

palities, 128.
Institutional hygiene, 70-72.
Insurance companies, influence to be exercised

by, 80. 129; statistics of, regarding drinking:
89; advantages to, of activity joining in pubi

lic health movement, 123.
International Congress on School Hygiene, 72,

79.
Invalidity, universality of, 33; loss of time from,

33-34; statistics of, 34; from minor ailments,

38-39; money cost of, 119-120.
Invention, part played by, in industrial pro-

gress, 125.
Ioteyko, J., cited, 43.
Ishmael family, 53.
Italy, duration of life in, 16: death rate of, 20;

attention to school hygiene in, 72.

Ladies' Home Journal, stand taken against ob-

jectionable advertising by, 81.
Lambert, T. S., quoted, 121.
Lankester, E. R., cited, 52, 111; quoted, 110.
Lausanne, morbidity among school girls in. 74.
Lawrence, Mass., lowering of typhoid fever

death rate in, 28.
Lean, meat, excessive use of, in diet, 42-43, 87,

94.
Leprosy, isolation treatment and disappearance

of, 70.
Levasseur, E., cited, 22.
Life, money valuation of human, 117-120; con-

servation of. See under Vitality.
Life, breadth of: Invalidity the opponent of,

33-34; to be gained negatively by preventing
disease, 40: postively, by cultivation of

vitality, 47-48.
Life, length of: In leading countries, 16; at

different times, 17-19; reciprocal relation be-
tween death rate and 19, 117: rate of in-
crease in, per century, 102-103; the nor.

mal, 111-112.
Life, prolongation of: Table showing pos-

sible, 104-106; diagram showing effect of,
at different ages, 107-109; fifteen years a
safe minimum estimate of possible, 109-111;

valuable results from, 111.
Light, benefits from, 86.
Lindsey, Ben. B., 90.
Liquor problem, 120. See Alcohol.
Liquor traffic, control of, 59.
Liver disorders, increase in death rate from, 27.
Locomotor ataxia, syphilis may lead to, 93; pos-

sible prolongation of life by elimination of,

105.
Lodging houses, inspection of, 128.
Lombard, Warren P., quoted, 42.
London, historical records of mortality in, 24;

defective vision of school children in, 74-75.
Lovejoy, Owen R., statistics by, 38.
Lumbago, possible significance of, 39.
Lumsden, L. L., cited, 29.

Jacobi, A., cited, 61-69.
Japan, death rate of, 20; physical training and

hygiene in, 51; efficiency of hygiene of,
shown in army, 63; principal causes of pro-

gress in, 96, 125.
Jarvis, Edward, cited, 17, 34, 109, 123; quoted,

49.
Jaundice, possible significance of, 39.

McComb, Samuel. 71.
McCormack, J. N., quoted, 56.

Montclair, public supervision of milk supply at,

57.
Morality, correlative with health, 123.
Morbidity, among school children, 74; increases

with age in geometric progression, 119.
Morrow, Prince A., on invalidity from social

diseases, 35, 93, 94; on syphilities in United
States, 35; tribute to efforts of, 95; esti-

mates by, 114.
Morse, J. F., cited, 39.
Mortality. See Death rate.
Moscow, death rate in, 22.
Mosquito, yellow fever transmitted by, 30, 121.

122; malaria transmitted by, 31, 57, 120.
Mosso, cited, 41.
Mothers' clubs, 71.
Muir, John, quoted, 85.
Munich, lowering of death rate in, 24, 28.
Municipal hygiene, 55-59, 128.
Music in factories, 80.

National Association of Study and Prevention

of Tuberculosis, 79.
Navy Department statistics on venereal diseases,

36.
Negro, as an example of race extinction due to

immorality, 101.
Negroes, death rate of, 22; high death rate from

tuberculosis among, 28.
Veisser, cited, 36.
Nephritis, increase in death rate from, 27; pos-

sible prolongation of life by elimination

of, 105.
Nervous diseases, cause of increase of, 98.
Nervous overstrain in schools, 72, 76-77.
Nervous prostration, outdoor cure for, 40;

caused by sedentary occupation, 91.
Neurasthenia, results of, 39; fresh-air treatment

for, 67.
New Haven, death rate in, 21.
New Jersey, expectation of life in, 19; com.

parison of urban and rural death rates in,

21.
New London, death rate in, 21.
Newsholme, Arthur, cited, 22, 28, 31, 70.
Newspapers. powers for good and evil of, 81.
Newton, R. Č., cited, 73.
New York City, expectation of life in, 19; death

rate in, 21: lowering of death rate in, 24;
statistics of physical defects of scliool
children in, 74; medical inspection of
schools in, 75; water of roof tanks in, 86;
decrease of mortality form diphtheria in,
113n. b; Children's Aid Dental Clinic in,

123.
New York State, death rate in, 21; commission

on the blind in, 70.
Nicholson, J. S., on capitalized value of human

labor in Great Britian, 117.
Noises, lessening of, 57, 128.
Nutrition, hygiene of, 83, 86-88.
Nutrition Research Laboratory, 64.

McCulloch, Oscar C., cited, 53.
Macdonnell, W. R. cited, 30.
McGee, cited, 55.
MacNutt, Scott, 35, 121.
MoVail, John C., data on preventability by,

113n.b
Malaria, decline in death rate from, 31-32; pre.

ventability of, as shown at Habana, 32; in-
validity from, 35: racial degeneration
caused among Greeks by 99-100; possible
prolongation of life by elimination of. 105;
shortening of life by, 110; money cost of,

annually, 120.
Mallet, cited, 17.
Marine-Hospital service, 61, 65.
Marriages, choice in, 49-50; suitable, 50; restric-

tion placed on, of criminals and defectives,

51-52. See Eugenics.
Massachusetts, duration of life in, 16; life

tables for, 18, 19, 107-109, 113, 117; death
rate in, 21; comparison of urban and rural
death rates in, 21; death rates in, by age,
26; table of expectation of life in, 26; in-
sanity in, 36; medical inspection of schools
in, 75; percentages of crime, pauperism,
and insanity in, due to alcohol, 89; rate of

lengthening of life in, 102, 103.
Mastication, value of, 44, 86.
Maxwell, William H., on school gardens, 77-78.
May, Charles H., quoted, 93n.c
Mayo, William J., quoted on X-rays and suture

of blood vessels, 65.
Mayo-Smith, R., cited, 17, 34, 90; on money

value of human lives, 117-118.
Meat eating, 42-43, 87, 94.
Meat inspection, 62, 127.
Medical inspection of schools, 72-76, 123, 128.
Medical schools, number and importance of, 64.

65; preventive practice and training of

health officers in 128.
Medicine, revolution in practice of, 15, 64ff;

supplanting of, by hygiene, 66.
Meech, Levi W., life tables by, 18.
Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases, 15,

64.
Meningitis, serum for treatment of, 64; respon-

sibility of, for shortening of life, 104: basis

of estimates of preventability of, 113n.b
Messenger, Hiram J., pamphlet by, 34n.a

quoted 123.
Metchnikoff, Elie, cited and quoted, 14, 27, 33,

55, 66, 67, 82, 83, 88, 109, 111, 112, 125;

originates "sour-milk craze," 96.
Meyer, Adolph, cited, 76.
Michigan, death rate in, 21; comparison of

urban and rural death rates in, 21; pro-

hibition in, of undesirable marriages, 52.
Midwifery, antiseptic surgery and, 66.
Milk-horne epidemics, 58.
Milk-supply, improvement of, lowers death rate

from typhoid fever, 28; infant diseases
eradicated by a pure, 32; public supervision
of, 57; prevention of children's tubercu.
losis by securing a pure, 58; importance
of a pure, 107; measures regarding, to be

taken by municipalities, 128.
Milnes, cited, 30.
Mind, hygiene of the, 70-71.
Miners, accidents among, 37.
Minnesota., vaccination in, 57.
Minor ailments, unsuspected importance of, 38-

39; loss of time from, 39; preventability

of, 40.
Mitchell, John, cited, 37.
Mommsen, example of, 41.
Money value, of human lives, 117-119; of elimi-

nation of invalidity, 119-120.

Occupation, dependence of death rate on. 23;

ill-health resulting from, 39, 91, 96.
Ogle, life tables of, 17, 18.
Old age, postponability of, 109, 111-112.
Old-age pensions, 111.
One-child sterility, 94.
Opium, degeneration in China from, 89.
Oppenheim, cited, 72.

to, 39.

Optic-nerve blindness, minor ailments leading
Organizations working for improvement of

hygienic conditions, 79,
Osborne, Oliver T., 114.
Osler, cited, 67, 88; on loss from lack of medical

supervision of schools, 73.
O'Shea, M. V., cited, 72, 75.
Ottofy, cited, 95.
Outdoor sleeping, value of, 67, 82, 84.
Outlook, The, ground taken by, against objec.

tionable advertising, 81.
Overeating, fatigue from, 42-43, 87; colds

caused by, 85.
Oxygen, artificiai administration of, 44.
Oysters, dangers of, 87.

Preventability of disease, estimates of, 103-107;

basis of estimates of, 113-114; ratios of,

by ages, 116; savings possible by, 120.
Preventable, meaning of word, 114-115.
Preventive medical practice, 15, 31, 66-67, 128;

attention paid to minor ailments by, 39.
Price, quoted, 94n.b
Prolongation of life. See Life, prolongation of.
Protein, fatigue from decomposition of, 42-43,

87; decreased by mastication, 44, 86.
Providence, fresh-air school in, for tuberculous

children, 76.
Prussia, duration of life in, 16; increase in

length of life in, 18; effect of vaccination
on smallpox in, 29; rate of lengthening of

life in, 102.
Public health, diploma in, 65.
Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service, 61.

65.
Public health officer, profession of, 55-56, 65,

123.
Pure-iood laws, 62, 127.
Putnam, Helen, cited, 78.

Quacks, medical, 67-68; advertising of, 81.
Quarantine, smallpox epidemics prevented by,

57; included in federal hygiene, 61; de-
velopment of our national, 62; effects of, in

the case of tuberculosis and leprosy, 70.
Quetelet, cited, 20.

mav

Panama, decrease in death rate from yellow

fever at, 31.
Panama Canal Zone vital records, 25.
Paraiysis, disability from, 37; syphilis may lead

to, 93; possible prolongation of life by

elimination of, 105.
Parents, results of disease in, 93; force of

example of, 97; effects of condition of, at

time of conception of children, 101.
Paresis, increase in death rate from, 27.
Pareto, cited, 118n.d, 124.
Paris, death rate in, affected by conditions, 22.
Pasteur, Louis, quoted, 14.
Pasteur Institute, work of, 64.
Pasteurized milk, 58.
Patten, Simon X., cited, 92, 99.
Paupers, restriction of alliances of, 51-52, 129.
Pearson, Karl, 15, 49; cited, 30, 54n.d
Periodicals, influence of, 81.
Peritonitis, originate in tonsilitis, 39;

possible prolongation of life by elimination

of, 105.
Personal hygiene, 82-97.
Pettenkofer, cited, 34.
Phelps, E. B., cited, 25, 97.
Philadelphia, death rate in, 21; economic loss

to, from smallpox epidemic, 122.
Phipps fund, the, 70.
Physical education of children, 78.
Physicians, training of, as public health officers,

55, 56, 65, 128; private practice of, 65;
division of private practice of, into surgery
and general practice, 65; progress being
made in surgery, 65-66; in general practice,
66-67; preventive

supplanting
curative in practice of, 66-67; quacks z'.,
67-69: standards necessary for, 67, 69;

number of, in United States, 69.
Play for children and adults. 83, 92.
Playgrounds for children, 77, 128.
Pneumonia, high death rate from, in United

States, 28; resulting from dust producing
occupations, 38: fresh-air treatment for,
67; fatal to drunkards, 88n.b; more apt to
attack the strong than the weak, 100n.a;

responsibility of, for shortening of life, 105
Poisonous trades, 37-38; regulations concern-

ing 127,
Poisons, fatigue, 41, 92; in air from wall paper

and plaster, 84.
Porto Rico, reduction of hook-worm disease in,

35, 122.
Poverty, relation of, to mortality rate, 22-23;

alcoholism and, 89; disease plays leading
roie in, 124; lack of forethought one cause

of, 126.
Powers, Le Grand, estimates by, 119n.a

Race, variations of death rate according to, 22.
Race degeneration, decay of foresight one of

first symptoms of, 126.
Race extinction, resulting from immorality, 101.
Race improvement, 49-51.
Race suicide, 54.
Race weakening by use of hygienic measures

question of, 97-98.
Rae, John, cited, 126.
Railway accidents, 37-46.
Railway trains, hygienic measures needed re-

garding, 62, 87.
Rapists, sterilization of, 52, 129.
Rats, disease transmitted by, 57, 67; measures

taken against infection from, in San Fran-

cisco, 122.
Recreation, necessity of, 92.
Red Cross Society, 79.
Reed, Walter, 121.
Registration of births and deaths, 63-64, 127.
Research institutions, 15, 64, 128.
Richards, Ellen H., quoted, 75, 120; cited, 84,

120.
Rivers, W. H. R., cited, 41.
Rochester, pure milk question at, 58.
Rockefeller Instititue for Medical Research, 15,

64.
Roosevelt, Theodore, quoted, 14, 51; referred

measures

to, 54.

Rosenau, M. J., cited, 29.
Ross, Ronald, quoted, 99-100.
Rowe, cited, 75.
Rubinow, I. M., cited, 23.
Rugs i'. carpets, 84.
Rusia, effect of varying conditions on death

rate in, 23; high mortality rate among in-
fants in, and also among adults, 99,

Stockholm, morbidity among school girls in, 74.
Stoddaru, C. F., cited, 89.
Streets, cleaning of, 57, 128.
Strength, endurance distinguished from, 41.
Sumner, Hélen L., cited, 60, 86.
Sunshine, benefit of, 86.
Sunshine societies, 79.
Surgery, a division of private practice, 65:

antiseptic and aseptic, 65; use of Xtars
and of suture of blood vessels in, 65;

table showing advance in, 66.
Survivorship table, 107.
Suture of blood vessels, 65.
Swain, H. L., 114.
Sweden, duration of life in, 16; increase in

length of life in, 18; death rate of, 20;
morbidity among school children in, 74;

rate of lengthening of life in, 102.
Sweeping, improvement in methods of, 84.
Swift. cited, 75.
Swimmers, artificial administration of oxygen

to, 44.
Switzerland, death rate from smallpox in, 29;

attention to school hygiene in. 72; leads
the nations in caring for physical welfare

of children, 76.
Sykes, cited, 84.
Syphilis, invalidity from, 35-36; serious results

of, 92-93.

re-

Sage fund for study of diseases of old age, 15.
St. Petersburg, death rate in, 22.
Saleeby. cited, 92.
Sanatoria, office of, 71,
Sanborn, F. B., quoted, 37, 53.
San Francisco, measures taken in, against in-

fection from rodents, 122.
Schofield, J. T., cited, 67, 68, 92.
School buildings, 73, 78-79.
School gardens, 77.
School hygiene, 72-79.
Schools, physical education in, 15, 78; necessity

of medical inspection of, 72-76, 128; ner-
vous overstrain in, 76-77; cost of medical

inspection of, and inoney value of. 123.
Schwartz, Hermann, article by, 7211.b
Scotland, illness statistics of, 34; attention to

school hygiene in, 72.
Scott, cited, 75.
Scurvy, preventive measures against, 31.
Seaman, L. I., cited, 63.
Scaver, on effects of tobacco, 90.
Sedgwick, W. T., cited ad quoted, 35, 121; on

"Hazen's theorem," 10.
Serum therapy, 66.
Serum treatment of meningitis, 113n.b
Sewage disposal, 57; legislation needed

Tanner, cited, 75.
Tea, injurious effect of, 90.
Teeth, of school children, 73, 74, 123; ill effects

of civilization on, 95: of Igorots and of

civilized Filipinos, 95n.a
Temperance demanded of empioyes, 80.
Temperance organizations, 79.
Tenement-house legislation, 61, 128.
Terminal diseases, 110.
Tobacco, fatigue from use of, 42, 90; treat-

ment of subject in school physiologies, 78.
"Tobacco heart," 90.
Tolman, W. H., 32.
Tonsilitis, origin and effects of, 39; possible

prolongation of life by elimination of, 104.
Townsend, J. H., 114.
Transportation, hygiene of, 61-62.
Travis, cited, 75.
Tredgold, figures by, 54.
Trier, extermination of diphtheria in, 113n.b.
Tuberculosis, resulting from dusty trades, 23;

death rate from, in United States, 27-28,
34; causes of fall in mortality from, 31;
relation of typhoid fever and hook-worm
disease to, 35; outdoor cure for, 40, 67; re-
duction of, by introduction of closed
sewers, 56; among children, preventable by
of

pure inilk, 58; inexactness of
statistics regarding, 63: decrease of, due
to hospital isolation. 70: fresh-air school
for children suffering from, 76; induced
even in so-called "ventilated house," 93:
possible prolongation of life by elimina-
tion of, 105; malaria and hook-worm disease
predispose to, 110; expectation of life for
persons saved from, 116; money cost of,

garding, 128.
Sewers, closing of, 56.
Sex hygiene, 92-95.
Shadwell. cited, 125.
Shaler, X. S., cited, 111.
Shattuck, Lemuel, cited, 22, 24, 30.
Shaw, cited, 73.
Shoes, tight, 86.
Sick headache, 39, 75.
Sickness, money

cost of, 119-120. See In-
validity.
Sidis, cited, 92.
Slaughterhouses, inspection of, 58, 128.
Sleep, importance of, 83, 92.
Sleeping rooms, 84.
Smallpox, lowering in death rate from, due to

vaccination, 29: effect of public hygiene
on, 57; possible prolongation of life bv
elimination of, 105; basis of estimates of
preventability of, 113n;b money losses

from, 122.
Smith, Southward, cited. 17.
Smoke nuisance, the 56, 128.
Smoking, evil effects of, 42, 90.
Smoking cars, dangers from, and remedy, 62.
Social secretaries, 79.
Social diseases, 35-36, 92-95.
Social status and death rate, 22.
Society for Sanitary and Voral Prophylaxis, 79.
Soldiers, experiments with, 43.
Solvay Process Company, eight-hour shifts at,

and results, 46.
Sour milk, avoidance of auto-intoxication by

use of, 87.
"Sour milk craze,'

96.
South Carolina, annual cost to, of hook worm

disease, 122.
Spargo, John, cited, 60.
Spinal curvature, 39, 75, 91, 96.
Spitting. ordinances against, 56, 128.
Steele. Harry M., 114.
Sterilization of criminals and defectives, 52,

101. 129.
Sterilizing effects of venereal diseases, 35-36,

93-94.
Stiles. Charles W., cited. 59, 60: suggestion of

an annual health week by, 78; on prevent.
ability of hook-worm disease, 113n:hau.
thority of, on ravages of hook-worm disease
122.

120.
Turner, F. M., cited, 30.
Tyler, cited. 72.
Typesetters experiments with, in effects of

alcohol, 42.

use

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